׼۵

 ƽ


С 

  ʮĩйһ׼Ĵۡ˵ⳡ۾
壺һԻΪ׵ġɡȷԵСƽΪ׵ġʵ
ɡйϲ쵼λΪйĸĸ￪ṩѧֹ۵
У֮йٷļҲ֪֮ʶӺ
ʿºͽǵʮٷһϵ
ĲͬڽȻ෴һԾͺעĿˡڡ
Ϊʲôд[ɡ(һŰ)͡ǽ˼(һž)ƪУ
ԴһⷢҴչһۡ  

һʵ׼ļǳ

  ʵǼΨһ׼˼ѧһ⡣
ѧĽǶȶ֮Լӷ
  Ʃ硰ʲô˼壬ʴ
ڼ˶ɵȷʶ˵˼ԤȾͿ϶ˡǿ͹۴
ڵġ͡һ˶йɵġձԵȻ
λ֪Լȷ֤أش˵ǡʵôͳѭ
֤ǡһ˶йɵġһȻʵ޵ģ
ʶΧڵ˶޵ģܶ϶һС˶
йɵأ仰Ϊ˼ʶ۵ǸǰᡢǸ䱾Ʊ
˼ʶ۽˵ġУ硰һ˶йɵ
һȻǶϵġ
  ˵顱Щ⣬֤ʵ֤αѣ˵ֻ֤ʵ֤αǷ
Ļʯɴ֤йǲδĻʯ
ȴɴ˶϶ûй롣Щ෴ֻ֤α֤ʵֻ
Ҫһֻڵ죬Ǳɶ϶һ춼ǰ׵ġһΪα
˵Ϊֹδֹκκ죬޷Ҳֺᷢ
죬̴ǲܿ϶һ춼ǰ׵ġһΪ档
  ֪˼ĿǺͳġܾʵ߼
ͼֵ֡ȷе˵˼߼(ѧ)ֵ
ͳһʵģͳһڿ͹Ｐ˶ɵġΪʲôڲ
֣ΪʲôһһڶΪʵ˶ûзΪʲô
ϺǵһҪʵ֣ΪᷢչĿ͹۹ɡ˼
߼ʵ֣߼ʡ˼ϼֵʵ
֣˳ܿܵĽۡǶվסŵġ˼Գƿѧ
˼˵Ŀѧа˴ԭϲ֤αζѧ
ִ˵Ŀѧ༴ѧʵѧһ¡һҲӦ


ʵ顱롰ѧԤì

  ϼǳķۣѾָˡʵǼΨһ׼һ
ȱ⡣ҲȥΪµ޹ء
һϣǿġǳϡʵǼΨһ׼
߼Ͼ̺һ˼Ǿ˵κһ⡢κһۣ
һ۵κһֻ֣Ҫδʵļ飬㲻Ա֤
ԡǣνʵ顱ضָʱϵĹȥʽʽ
ʵ׼ֻ˵ȥԤδֻ֤Ѿʵ
Ԥδʵֻ֤ѾʵԤ
ոտʼʵһ˼׼۶Ͼͺһ
ĿѧԤԵìܡע⣬˼˵ĿѧԤ
Ѿʵ֤Ӧδͬϡҳϵһֻӣ
ֻ֪ӵζұԤϵҲͬζ
˼ΪԺĿѧԤǡǡָЩµָЩǰδֹ

  ˵׼Уɡһһʮּ⣺
ؽʵ֡˼巢ֵһش໹ûʵ
ֹ壬ɼǲҪͨʵġԴˣʵɡӪ
ϱĬҲͼ۾ǣ岻ֻһδĿ
꣬Ҳһ˶һ̡˶ֹ˼ʱѿʼ
Ѿһٶʵһǵõʵ֤ؽõ
һ֤ġ˵һش൱ģǰѹΪһ
ֻ̣ҪһδɣͲԶص֤ñ
һѧʵ飬ͷЧԤڣܵԺЧЧ
ҲԤأ˵һֻʵĹδԤ
ҪȴġԸɿЩȻùȥ˵Ǿʮ
ԣǾһˡ

ѧ۵ı

  ֪׼۲һѧ۶һζ
ͳΪܶζΧĳѧ⡢ѧչġƩ
ڿ˹͹ŵۣڡ˥кֱӵ
ϵǣڹҵġĳѧ򾭼ѧչζ
һʡϲѧۡ˫
Աŵѧ۵򾭼ѧ۵ʵһŷĳͻ
Щѧ˵ı󡣾һԵӡһ®ɽ
ϣֱһϯ⵽ëһɵǿʵϣ
漰ĽֻȨ֮ǷӦϯһйعѧ
޹ϵپһôԵӣڡһΪ͡϶һѧ
սȻ˫ЧΨ֤ڱ֤ԭ
ǵѧʵϲûʲôñֻװͬĶͬ
ʽڷŵӣӵıǩһˣܿ˵ⳡȫ
û塣ʵȻһڱǩд¡ϡʱ¶
뵽һض䰵ʾ֮±㼯һɲͬ
ʤǾпܳĳ΢Ա仯ֱ仯
ѧŵѧԵ߼һҲһѧ
ŵѧ߼һΪűûκѧԵԭ
ùŻͽׯ轣湫ǡ֮ⲻھơ
׼ʵҲһʡ
  ָרƼǸ߶̺һ䵳ڶУ
ʶ̬ռͳһȡʤʵֹ۵㡣й
չڲº뱣ɡ˵ºɸͳΪʲôйڲƫƫǿӲ
ɻʤ˵ǿӲɸͳչǿӲȴ˰̡ʵǾ
˵Ҳȷһ㣺˵ͳڵڶлʤ˵ڵ
ڶлʤһԼͳֻҪڵڣͳ
žʮҪġ˼Ϊһۣɱػ⡣
ɶݵʱ˭˭ͳȱһȷжϱ׼ûһ
ϵľȨҲûһ˫ܵٲóֻǳܿܡ
֮ͼڵڶսʤ֡㵱ȻҪԼͳԣ
ԮĳЩԭⲢܱ֤ܻʤΪĶҲ
ͬ¡ӴѧĽǶȿǴооһɸͳʵ
ζĳɰܲޱȻϵ

ġɡ롰ʵɡ

  ǻص۱׼˶ȣҪǣڡɡ
͡ʵɡνʵ𣿻ǡɡ𣿵
Сƽǡʵɡ
  һȷʾëϯľߣǶӵ
ëϯָʾǶʼղѭȻʵϣë
󲻵һµʱڣ˰桰޲׼Ļ
ǡչȥķ족Сƽʾ޳ɡʵǼ
Ψһ׼һ⡣漸ڵķѾָ׿һ
ɴªҲᣬʵ׼߼֮һӦʵ
δһֿ̬ȡ塢Ȼûгֵؽʵ
ûȫʵḶ̌ǻӦñΪᶨƵ
쵼ڹȥ֤ΪȷǷȻȷͻдµ֤
˵ʷѡˡ޲׼רôڻ費Ҫȴһµ
⡣ɴ˳ۡ顢ѡ񣬾ͼǱҪ
ģӦõġνĸ֡ΪִԼһֵּ׷Ȼ
ɣǷΪɵҪһӣǾȻûе
ˡɼɡǡʵɡҲʵٶ
ϵĴˡ

塢ӡӺת(1)

  ô۵ʵĿġʵʲôأҲ˵仰
˵⡣εġ¶ⳡۿʼչʱڻ
ġɡ(ôһν)
һҪӣҪӣҪһٰʮȴת䡣
էһȥ仰׼۲ɡһ򣬶ѧо
ȤһϲͨڼȨͳߵıܣһӾץסҪ

  һҪӡӵȻָ塢ë˼롣ڹͳζ
ԣӾǺϷԡϷԵĺܸӡ˵ĺϷָΪʲôӦ
˶һʹȨԼΪʲôҪͳε
۸ݡ֪ȨͳεҪһ׹ٷʶ̬ǿ
ʶ̬ʶֻ̬
Ψһߡƣƶʷչ֮ȻԼ
ΨһĿ͹Ļ֮ǰԼͳεĺϷԽΨ
йȷһ֮ϡͲܳԼҲпܷ
ܳб˱ԼȷΪһԣ
ɥʧ¢Ȩɣž߼ϳΪڱСԣ
άԼԶȷȷΨһȷ񻰡Ȼʵ׼
пʹǶԹĴҪģʹù
ȷԱһд֤顣ֻʵ֮󷽿֤
ʵôûԣӶҲʹù¢ȨĺϷܵɡ
Իٳǣʶ족
  ҪӡҲָʶ̬ҪרҪѹһвͬ
ʦѹƱδȻں֮ǰ
ǴģҪһ㣬һзδʵ֮
ǰѾǲɵΨһͨʵ֮˭
˭ôԤȾͰѱ˵Ĺ۵ɡ󡱡ѹأ
ͽСӡ
  Ҫһٰʮȴת䡱⻰˵øˡɡǲ
Ĵ󣬵־ƫ벻ɫĽУҲҪע
άʶ̬ڱϵһԡתˣշԹȷΨ
һȷ񻰲ɡһʶ̬һֿѧ˵һش
ʱ  Ӹ˵İ취ȥ԰˵ǧҪԵǰһ
»ìܡֻʹԼƲ
  һӡ˽ֱһ¼֮Ŷëʧȥ
εġ⿴Щ֡ë󶫸㡰Ծ㡰Ļʹǧǧ
ܾ޴ʧΪʲô㲻ɣֱҪıë󶫳ֱ룬Ȿ
⣻οڿ͹ۺϻھĳ֡ĸķ
ֲ֧ǡΪʲôձĻɣڣͳһ
ǰһķʽǿʵʩǺܶӵʱǻھηӵ
飻һλͳìܡʱ
ŻȻԭҲôֱһ¼ʹë
޷εξءȻºë󶫴ҴҷǷ˵Ǽǰд
ţԴ֤հԶСȼ֮վ̫ǣǿЧ΢

  رȨͳҪάԼţؼһڱ
ǰһ£Զ԰˵֪ٷʶ̬һ ׷ϵͳ
涨ľԱ׼еǺѾһ
ǵı׼ڹٷļֵ׼гԽɫʣʹ
˾޴ĸ𺦣Ҳܾݴ˶ֱ׳رʾԡȻͳ
ԼǰìܡԴ͵鷳Ͳһˡ£
ݱı׼ȻùٷԼı׼Էϵ©
⡣ɵǾӿȥǴ߼ϻǴʱϣǵ
ȴӡڲʼ(ĻҲƵЧӦΪ
ĸ͡ʮꡱԵìܣһ˷ĳ֡
˼롱áֻڵʱëǰһԲδҡ෴صõϷ
Եǿ˵Ƿ켫ĸ˳ݡ)
  
ӡӺת(2)

  ϣǷ˻桰ɡʵ棬һµСƽ
Ϊ׵ġʵɡ
  һ£Ҳǡǡʽ£Сƽй
дϣ³˵Ǳ׼ȷë
˼ָȫȫȫ񣬰ѵҵѹʹ
ҵʤǰһ߰£ʱ׼Ѿ
ȫչСƽ˻ȷˡǡָǲǸ߾ë˼
룬ë˼롣ڵʮ¾ейʮһȫϣ
ڵСƽһɵͨһϵзëߵľ飬а
ν㷭硱Ϊ찲¼ƽȫᱻΪ
ΪġɡʧܺԵСƽΪ׵ġʵɡʤ
Сƽԭ򡱣ͬʱˡʲ׼ɻĿ
š
  ɴǲѿάӡ͡ӡϣСƽһ뻪
һɲ˫ķڡתӡķϡ ԭ޷
һ˫·ߵĲ̨ͬȻҲԡȥķ롱
˼ȻѲģʽҪٸ
ٸկɿͬһŹһ
ĵСƽҪȻ桰ҡöࡣڶ˫̬Ʋͬǿë
󶫵ĶζԽ˵һʵۺֱͬȨ塣
ë󶫵ȨԼĵλڵӵй㷺ȨĵСƽȴ
ǱëԵ򵹵ģԣСƽ˺ֱ֧ӵ
ë󶫽вַ񶨲ȷԼȨλá

ߡӡӺת(3)

  ȻǰӡתˣƱػǵĻ
Ӷصӡ͡ӡЧáһϣСƽһɺͻ
һɵŹͬϡʵϣһٷ顮˰Ǹһٰʮ
ȡת䡣Ϊɴ˶Ļ˼ɵضˡ
޲׼רƩ磬ݵġһܡʱڴǰ˰
ȨʱġУһգһ찲ǰ
ҪΪ¼ƽСƽҲ⵽ѹ͵Сƽ
ȫ춨ȨλκǽΪͬʡ
仰ǻġɡǵСƽġʵɡȨ
Ҫͬȡһٰʮȴת䡱ͬʱҲͬ
ԼͳԣӶάסӡ͡ӡζҲ
תķϣתķʽϡӰת䷽ʽعȻ
࣬תߵ̬ƳǸؼ
  ֱ¼ΪоֱıƻԷ֣ʵϱ׽űһ
ıֶγë󶫣ӶԡնӰˡ˳Ӱ࣬һ
һ̼ҪΪٹë󶫶ԿӶȨƣֱ
òյڶ׽ű£Ǿͻֹľ棬ƻ
ʶ̬ΨһԻһԪԣΪĳɿռ䡣Ȼƾ
šʥּ˳дͳǿѸײڶĹֶ͢λˡ˰
Ȩ˳ӵı󡣳ȻһӹУԭʶ
̬Ľͷشĸı䣬ֽ͵ΨһȴȻʡܸ
ʱЧס˼ĹӡȻʵɡ֮ȡɡ
ں̶ܴȴͨǰ߹Ժ߶ʵֵġһУɱس
ķǳ档ǣɵĹ۵㡢Ĺ۵һı
ᡣγ˵ġ˼˶
  ʵƵڹŴйҲֹ֮ʵÿλڵǻǰҪ
ɣʹԼװŪͼߣһۼʡ
ֱķʽԽʱԽɿռҲԽ󡣵ǣ
ڶߵı޷µȡɵ񻰣ͨᵼ
ɡ
 
ˡΪʵ壬
 
  ӱϿɡֱǽ壬ʵɡʵ塣
ȥǾͻֹ֪Ტôסɡ
һ϶ǡë󶫽ĻľߣɡΪԼ
õľͼ֣ԼûõľͷʵҲʵáúܡʵɡȻ
塢ë˼˴ȻҪġĸ֡ͬԵ൱
ǲ׵Ķ壬ѡʵ塱Ϊþ
ôǾӦ˵쵼˶Щʵߡ֮ҪĳЩ
ΪЩΪΪЩôñ
ͷ⡱֪̯ϵĶǹ⣬ʵ
ϣͷΪֻйҳͷƣóȥ
õϣͷþǡΪʵ壬
ǿ塣
  Ȼ˵ʵ壬ϸղķʿ˵ʵ
ͬ˵Сƽɸʵ壬޷ָһСƽһɱȽʵ
棬ٷˡ˼һྫĿꣻϲȡԽ
Խġͷ⡱Ȩй쵼˶ԣʶ̬ǡһ
״ʵСԼϵͳĿ꣬ά
ȨĹ߻ֶΡԼţǿȱţʵϣҲһ
ǿȱţֻܽס˵ĿڶѡԺ󣬹š±
塱֪ʶơĸ֡ʵһסϵⲻ֪
й쵼ղˡ

šڡɡ

  ڡɡбҪ̸䡣
  һɵڽɣεΡǴɲ
֮ҧĽ֡ԴԣЩԷ´½˷ܣ̸
šйԼҲѾĸ̸֡šĸֻʣһһ
롱ʱʵǲҪ졣йǰΪͷϱʶ
̬˶עĿĲҲڽйʶ̬Ѿ
ʲô̶ȣֻҪʶ̬ؼţֻҪȻ
磬ɾȻǽɡҲȻšӡ͡ӡιá
  ڶһԽԽʶǽɣԽԽǽɡñȻ
ԡһʶΪԣԾͿʼɥʧ˻ԵĹܡڣԽԽ
Ƕãйʶ̬޷ˣĿĽΪάԼ
Ȩ¢ϡʶ̬Ѿپʶ̬áȥǽ
ʶֻ̬ 

ʮ

  ϣǷ׼۵塣Ҫǣⳡ۱Ͼ
һζ˲ⳡۣϾΪһµȡȥ
׾ɵ񻰡Щ˵Ŭʹⳡȷʵĳֽ˼
áˣǻҪԡʵǼΨһ׼һĲ
һ˵ΪСƽһɵĴ޷ǲûѭһ
ԭ򣻶ֻҪع᳹һԭǾͻɡ
ȨϷԸǾʹشˡ
  ǰָʵ׼ȱ֮һδʵֵ
֮ʵ׼ֶ֤εԻ򹤾ߵԣȴ֤Ŀ
Ŀĵԡеġʵɡۼע⵽Ŀĵ⡣ʶ
ȷԼĿģȻٿʵĽǷԤڵĿϣ򣬡
ʵ׼һ˵޴̸⻰Ȼϧֻ漰һС롣
ӵڣβ֤ԤĿıȷأһ͵Ǯ
ɹ͵Ǯδץʵ֤͵Աǡȷ͵
ԱǷȷѵǿͨʵ׼
źνۡһЩ̵Ĺ۵
Ǻӡ
  ʵɡۼҰաʵĿǼʵɰܵı׼һ
ı׼һƶȡһߣܴٽķչǱȷġ
׼󣬰һʷԺ;þ۵
ɵļٶòۡҪǣʵɡۼû⵽ͬ
һĿģȫвֻһֶȥҪǣƾʲô
ĿıǾȷأ绷߿϶Ͳͬ
ĿġΧϿǷУһ߾վڷǾ
õġǱ˴ָ֮жأʵɡۼ
Ȼδʶսмٶ׷ĿĿǵһ
Ψһġͳһġǲʵֵ𣬶Ҳø
ͬļֵܴ֮ųͻˣع᳹ʵ׼(ʵ
ɡķǡ;)пܵĳɣȻ
Ǻܲͬġ
   ͬʵ׼ȨϷԸҲһ¡ϸ
ĺϷԸ漰ȨȨĹϵҪʵԶȷԡǡ
ʵɡۼδע⵽һ΢𡣹ԼͳεĻ
ΨԼȷԼǾĻһ֮ϣܸʵȴ
һϵ鷳
  ȣһϷԽΨԼȷȨһѹ
ȨΪȨκζսϷԡԣ
ΪάȨȶԣҲѹ鲻ɡ
  ΣһִҪȷʵԼĿȨҲһȫȨ
һȨȨΪ˾󲿷ȫԴѱ
֤Լ˵õõ
  ߣȻʵ׼ֻ֤ȥ֤󡣼Ҫʵ׼
ȥϿȨֻʹκȨڲȷ״̬
  ҲҪģȻǼֵ⡣ʵɡ
һֿ͹۵ȹ涨Ŀģֹ涨ֶΡǵǷ
ѭҲӦð¡ۣѡ񣬱ͬ˹
˵޷ԥͬʣԳһд˷ǱصĶ
ͺסǱȻĻּٽѧ֮ȫרơ
רʵпʵ׼ĺ벻Զ
ȻǺ˴˳ͻġȨϷһĹ
򡣹ĹǶԸɡϵȼ
ֵĳغ͹ͬءˣξܹṩһȶ
ͬʱ³ԪͿŵξ档ȻǲܰĻʶͼ
Ȩν͹Ϊһ̸
  ʣڵСƽ·ߺë·֮䡢ڡʵɡ͡ɡ֮䣬
ȷʵشǾɵ͹塣ҪǿǶߵĹ
ͬԡҪǿǣ֮ʵϺ׼Ⲣֱϵ
һϣΪΪζΪѧۣ
׼ⳡսûСҲܸṩ塣
עƽġд֮ڼǡ