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  һžױߵһε̨μӡ̨ظĸֻᡱȥٴβ
ӡ̨֮ϰӪ̨ӡҲи롣ڴҽҷ̨ӡ
͸дԱ˽
  
һ

  ½ĺѧ˵ġ¼̨塣ġȷһ
˫ͽȿҲشйԼ̨ʱԾɺε
йչһ漣
  ġǰ½̨ĺѧ֮ĸǺġ̸֮
Ѻõտˣе۽½ѧй
ͼУʮǰľ̸̨͹񵳡ڴɫʵ
ڡ(ʮһպʮʮ)УصѧӰеľݱΪ
ĳͻʱͬĲر˳ġ
Ժͬѧںһ̸֯СͨԽԽ࣬
½ͬѧ˶ԹţʼµĿ̨塣
  ֮ͨҲûĦġ֮½ͬѧȺ鼤ߵ̨ͬѧԼ
һȥпʱڵ¹һһλ̨ͬѧ˵һ½ͬ
ѧԽܵĻҪȥܴ½£ǺˣǾͻˡѧ
֮ĽӴѾûʱ½ʿѧԹ񵳺лЩ
ֻη¹Ĵ½ѧ̨ٷӴͽ̨
ľʱֳԥ̨ٷӴĴ½ͬѧ
ķʽУѵĻɡ
  ġ֮󣬴½ѧصġͬΣǲٳ
ɱȨҲһй˵Ȩǡ
ֻʹĻʱǰʡС˵ū
һ仰Ҳǵ½й˵дʵܶѧŽԼҽ
øõѰĳ֪ۡʶͼġ֮ҹ̹ˣ
ΪǷԼҪѾܱԼˡԭ
ҪȡĴ½ѧйڶ漣̨徭顣ν
ճ꣬绹硱
  
ˮůѼ֪

  ½ѧϵ͵ҪȺһһŰ˰̨꣬巽
һ½ѧ̨̨һ硣ý徹౨
ѧʱҲмʡһŰ˾̨ѧͬѧҲ
뱱ѧѧŷ̨ѧ˾š
̨ͬѧ־гֵıУϻŷ̨
ƻġ¼ӰһŰ˾ףһ½ʿ뼯
̨壬μѧۻͲι۷ʣٴκ䶯һʱ˺̨巽뺣½
õȺ֣
  (1)ʿĴ½ʿͳֲͬ߾Ⱥʹ̨塣

  (2)̨徭ֻᡣĲμ߶ΪͨĴ½ѧѧߡһž
£ɴ½ѧѧо塰ʻᡱͳһ
ͬһٰ̨조ظĸӪļƻ顣ʱ̨巽
Ҳƻ׶κͷĴ½ѧƹ̨徭飺ظĸ
Сҵ֯ܡתĴ½ѧ֮ȣ
һžɳһʮ˵Ĵŵ̨ȡӴظĸ
ִŵĵλ˴֮ͬũίᡢظĸѵػ
һݵʱȡרҵĽκ̸ۣȻ󵽸ֻ͸زι
ݻᡣһžһ½ѧ֯˵ڶֻᡣȥ£ȫѧ
¹ֲʻһʮ˵ľ
̨£ȫصĴ½ѧʮſ̨Сҵ˵
ԭƻ½ѧ̨ѧϰĸ﷽ľ顣ܷƿɳ£
¸üƻҪƳʵʩˡ
  (3)̨֮ϰӪġ֮󣬴½ѧڸصѧй
ֿô󡢵¹޵ȵػ˶йʹݿ֮
ѧϻᡣһž£ȫйѧ̨ͬѧ
ҲǸѧԱ֮һе˳桶ȫѧͨѶȫѧ
ĳй½̨ѧ໥ͨһ㡣һž£̨
ͬѧ׽졶ȫйѧ̨֮ϰӪʮһֻᡷ
صĴ½ѧʮˣʮ̨ͬѧһ̽йǰ;̸
飬Ц̶̨ɽ֮䡣ȥ£̨ͬѧ
ġйŽᡱ˵ڶ̨֮ϰӪڸĴ½ѧ
ѧʮ˲μ˻
  (4)ƼĿǰںԼʮ½ѧвƼ˲š
Щ˲ֽ׶βԸش½ҪԭǴ½Ĵ
Ͽ̫ϡں˲ţҾֳɵȤ
¼Ҳ֣г˵ⷽȻ̨ڷϰ
һҲڶ

̱ð

  ½ƶȺһרƵĽԤ¡ǵĹ
գĹƶȻͨƽݱޡڶŷޱ֮󲻾ã
ٴ½ʿΪй½ҲᲽ󳾶߶ŷ֮·ʷķչ
ܵ޷ԤƵصӰ졣죬̨塢۵й˾סĳɼ
Դ½й˾ǿҵʾá½ʿѾкܶ˴
йȨƶȻھ÷չ͸ƶѹʾ
ݱ̶һ̨ĵ·ɵơ
  һΪйҪתѵġԭҪй
ûһƶȺƽݽĻơйŷ壬һܶ
ϵԶϹŷ徫ϸ̡ɷ
ӵغܴ󣬿Ը״Ե֮ҪͻԵ
ͱȽѡƶȫģˣ½ʿ
Ϊ׷ģֻ¯йĿǰ
ܷһרƵܷйдһרάйʶ̬
ڴ½һͼ֯Ե˾ΥܡȻų⵽⡢ܷ
йķĿǰڴ½⹫ڣΪ֯
  лõȨܷȴһܷⲿܷ齨
ͱȨƶȡⲿܷʮƶڹ
սϱˡԱʱʱ
ȨܷȨơⲿܷ涨չķȷġ
ֻҪԱʱڡعܷлˡ
  һŰ˰£½ߴйӵٳͳ
ǣйõԲṫ򽯾ѧϰġҵ
Сƽʵšʯͷӡֻ˵ģ
˵ԼҪΡ
  ʵСƽĸĸģʽ뵱꽯ģʽ֮ͬܶ࣬½ѧ
㣺1Сƽ½Ĳҵ˳ԭعҵũҵṤҵΪũҵ
Ṥҵعҵ͸߿Ƽҵ2СƽչӪҵãǰӪ
ռ½õİٷ֮ʮţСӪą̃Ӫ
ƺСʱƣ3Сƽгõʶ̬ɫʣڴ
½ٷ֮ʮϵƷɶ̨ۣ𲽷ɶгƵ
4Сƽѧϰ̨İͳӹ̨ǿб̨
һԴٽڣ㣻5Сƽ罯һʣ
ڽծȡеߣծ̨
ľأ6Сƽģµ꽯רƽõִת͡
  ǲ˺󳾻֮ͬǻԿ塣

ЦʿʹӺδ

  лķͳ½Ҳ䡰񡱣Ӧ̨κܵ
Ȩġ֮Ȼ̨巽Դ½ĺṩ˲ٵ֧֣
ܾܲ⣬Ĵ½вҲһЩ½ѧԴ½
ˡݷ̨Դ½ûоΡȥ̨֮
Уۡ
  ̨ʡ̸ʱһλôĴ½ѧ˲ظǰ귽֮
̨ʱġǸҪ˹Ϊܶʧȥ½ɽҸ
һ⣺1һľԺڴ½Ĳٹ񵳵ĵԱ
⹲ɱȺлӦöЩ˺ͺеΣ2
лܷ½ԶȨ̨Ρλѧ˻ϲ
ʱ̨һλŮʿѰ಻סҪͦѧ˵ġа˵
Ϊ˱һ𱬵ĳĳ֣Ҳеλѧ˵ĻǱ
ͬ˵ڴ½Ĺ񵳵ԱܵȺӦɹ
𣬹Ⱥߡһľڴ½ʧܣȻϰյġѡ
񡱣Ϊ½ѧˣӦȷʡǣϰһѡ񣬲
Ϊʱ񵳵ʧҲϰΪɡŶϡ½ϰս
ıû𣿹ȻûϾһľʧ
½Ǹ̨ٴǡǡڸڴ½ִʧ󡣺
һλ½ѧ˷Ϊ½лĹϽ֮ڣҲ˰
ų̂ĲȨ
  ̸ϢʱʱλŮʿҷָһľܴ½ԭ
ȫйĹƺƭɡڿսʱڽձ˿ս
ûκʧΡΪ½ܹĶ̫ӦԹ
л룬ҪҵҲʾ˲ǹ񵳣Ǵ½
ʿ½񡣶ԹлĿ²ǣ̨ĳЩͬ
ֻϣ֧ܶЩԹ˾ͺˡʱƿˡ
  Ҫش⣬ʵǺѵġƵĿڴ½п϶й㷺
ԡӵ¹ɷѵͳһⲢȫ¹ͳ
һ¹ΪЩԭµηṩ˲ڶ¹
εÿ첹ʮˡԭµηûйϵģ
»ǳеΡڵ¹δͳһ֮ǰǶµľ񶼱³Ϊ񣬷
գȻҲ²ȨûΪµʱڵЩ
̨ͬΪԭȥҲȫ½ġ
  ڴ˱û͡¹ģʽйͳһʶ˵仰Ŀǰ̨ѧ
͹Աԡ¹ģʽƽϵ֮չ½йѧ
¹ģʽȥڱеĵڶϵѧֻϣ˫ΧŸģ
ʽйͳһչҵۡΪ̨ѧԮ¹ģʽ
ʱȡ䡰Լ˫Եȳһ㣬ڲˡ
ʵΪ˴ٽͳһŬͳеǶ෽ġץס
ȳϡһƺǶԵ¹ģʽʵԵƬ⡣һλ¹ѧ߶Ա
˵̨巽Ųõ¹ģʽͳһ˽¹ͳһʵ
һġ¹ͳһɲ¹Եһңǽ²
ѡ¹ĿǰԭµΪݡԭµΪ
ݡôմģʽǴ½Ե̨廹̨Ե½أҿ̨ӡ

һЦ

  εĳޣΪһ־˵ĴڵռػйԹ
һϸ֮桱壬ԡҰġı족ˣй
Ҫ͹ԽǿĵŽᡣһ棬йһǳ
ͱĺص塣ӱʮ겻ΪԼĸ쾭ġǰһ
黳˴½̨ͳһŬһ黳ʹйԹͨ
⡣
  ĶԹǼҡҸ׵ɽϼͬսɱ
ˡʱҽ񵳾뻹ŵĲбһ껹
ظ湲ũաһһεաƺڴǰ
ũ񽫵ũնݳıСһ˻ܳ
Խֳ޵Ļйͳһ޿ܡ
  ̨֮õĻУһһλ½ʿھƻϳ˾硰Ϸ
ȡɽеһΣһ䡰Ҫһзɡĳʣôġ
Ȼָ񵳡λ̨ͬѧԡ𹲷ˡĸӦһʱ
šȻʱ˫пЦζڣǸԡԱ
ĳޣȴظֲССʱáǽ
ʯˡʱϷһǡץ񡱡̨˵
ʱҲдšɱ()ë(ë)ıһλ̨Ѹ߱ߣ
СʱһجǣͻȻһ칲š̨壬Ʈ
šëˡĻ񡭡ǺоѡеľǵǱ
ʶ˯ʧȥǿʱĸֳ֡־Ѿ͸ǵǱʶ
˵Ӱ֮Զ
  μϴ̨֮õһλ½ͬѧ̸񵳺͹һ⣺
½Ϊ̨徭õķչҲ˹׻һľǨ̨ʱЯ
ٻƽЩƽȫй˵ĲƲ̨ĴӢ˲ţҲ
ȫй͵ġȫĲڷչһ֮ãȻһ
ž½ͬѧ͹Ҫ½ṩش½ġ
·Ǯ⡣ΪڹôǮȥɻǱͧͼֿй
̨ЩǮִ֧½˺ʹ½ϰշչã
̨Ҳòϰյͬ⡢֧֣෴ڴ½ܵϰյһ
ӭ˵᷵ش½ִ
  ǣǮܻ𣿿Ҿɺ޿ɽ⣬³׽ᡣͱԵ¹ͳ
һԭ̬˽⣬еһҪΡϵĲ컹׵ģ
Ҫʶ̬ɵѣҪʮΪȻ򶫵
˴ĽǮ˵ҲͳһǰߣڶȻһǿ
ҵķ˵ԭ˵ĳ߽׫Ľܣ
ָֻǣĿǰ̨˵ΪǷ½У
ϵйش½̨̳Ų̨½͹Ĺ涨
ʹ½˸еһӡ̨ڴ½Ĳֹҵڶ顣  

ῴɷ

  ϴθ̸̨ǰоͬһǣڵ˶Թ񵳺
ļȥ¹񵳵ȫϣΧͳֱѡίѡ
⣬ڲٴβط磬νɡ͡ɡì
֮ơεķϴεġƱѡ롰ӵ۸Ϊ̺
ءһЩ뿪̳ҲҪӪ֮ѡһ
šλǰȥݷ˾лǰԺԺʱ
˵٣̸ڲìʱָԼı˵Ҳ
Ƿɡһλ̫̫߽й诵òһ䴫˵ү
ظûкù٣С˼һС˼ֻһù
ˣȥߡ˵ȻҲȥǳȥ课Ͱ
ˡµǶԵǰεĲ
  ̨һλѧ߸ߴ½ͬѧ˵񵳱һġ
ûɣȴѾΪһѡٵĵһеΧ
ѡתѡҪǮᵽûɸָ½
ûоҲ˸ңڹĴ½ǰ;˼٣
˲ע½ˣܽԴΪֵļڶѡ
ټ٣þ˿ʴӡ
  񵳽֮Ա󣬶ЧصֿסĽ
ԴʮǰʼʵʩġߡĻѧҴ
ʮʼñ(inculturation)һһĻֲ󣬼һ
ĻڱĻܵĹʧȥԭĻͬγ
һµĻڸµĻĻбĻռλһľ
Ǩ̨ʱ̨һ죬˭Ҳܷϣ̨
лΡ
  սԺԺ̨̬Ѿش仯ڵͳ
ԺΪ̨屾ʡˣǨ̨֮ʡ̳ռλߵ
˹Ԥʡͻ̨͡ΪһȨ䶷ķ
ţѾʧȥԭȵҪ塣̨δȨĶΧƾ
չγͻسڲͬľײ֮䣬ǳʡ֮
䡣Ϊʡߵġ¹ߡԺ
Թɣ֧֡ⷨµϵһ
  ڹ뵳̸ʱðڱĽҲҪ
ǶԴ½Ρһλ˻ش˵Զй񵳣
һҲûֹͣԴ½Ĺ˺һλ̨ͬѧһ⣺
Ƿڿ̨幫ίչ֯Ļشǣλͬ
ѧȻ̨ķɹ涨лķɹǱֹ֯
ڡұһǰհԵĻش𣬵ûС
  ԼһЩ񵳵˽̸ʱеĵһʧ
Ҳѹ֣йľУʧܺ衣Ǵ
ľаѳѵġӦע⵽ʷȷʵˡй
ʤ֮ʱǹϯȫ֮աȴǹȫ߽ʱ
෴ҲʱһЩ̨˵ڶԴ½ѾûȤ͵
ʶȥˣûСı顱׳־ֻƫ̨ѡ
ʣƫܰΪԼ棬ҲӦءػ½

ԭ¹

  йͳһϵʡìܣһϵص̨嵺ϵˡ
ϵʱֻ̨ۡѾ½ġɽ
  ǰ̨Ĵ½߱ûˣ˹ͳϵ
ԼϹΪ١Ա֮£йصƽͳһһ
ơϵ⣬ûµͻߡֵעǣƺйͳһ
ϲȡ˸Ϊ̬ȡȥһճй־ָδ
ʮ꣬Ծóףչ𲽿һƽͳ
һĵ·˿йʮΪͳһйͳһ
һֱǼɵġСƽй쵼йͳĵҵ˼룬Ϊ
йͳһɣǾͻᡰʷᡱΪһϵҫ
СƽȲҪͳһԣ̨巽йͳһйϧ
ʹйͳһٶȣйʶͳһ֮
ӺΣգ˵ͳһΣйͳΣΪõĺεĲ̫ˡ

  ̨巽ͳһϵĶͬйܲһһд
黳ͷ½ʹ⣬Ȩ̨ǧ˵ĸڵһλ
̨뷢չǾͳһߵҪء̨йӸ
Ļ⼴̨ͷչĻ̨˻ġ
  ϵĻϣֻЩʵʾõȽչ
ˣ½̨飬̨巽Ҫй϶Եʵ壬Ϊ
ԵõԷӦͬʱľóס̨ڴ½
Ͷȴ緢չΪǶ˫кô¡
  йһֱҪ̸֮УҪԵ̸С
̸̨ʱ񵳺й̸еĺĿǰйڴ½һר
ľԴƣǴ½ƽؼһ谭
̸Уܶ൳ơĿǰ̨ܾ
ķԵμ̸УôΪʲô񵳲ܽйķԵҲμ̸
أȻ񵳵Ķһ̸У񵳾Ϳ빲Ķ
̸̸ǹģ漰̨桱⣬
ҹҲ̸еݣ֮ĺƽ໥ԷԼ
Ϸбչ֯ȡ̸ֻ̨İȫ
ռʲôˡ
  ̨֮õ̸Уһλ½ѧ˷˵´½
ط½ִĻˣǹ񵳵Ļ𣿿
ȷʵٱ½İֻƫ̨ˡһλĿͬ
ִ̨빲ڴ½ǿȨͳηֲġ½һ
йǿȨʧˣ̨˲˶ˣһ
̨ʵ֣Ӵ½Ĺ񵳻Ϸ𣿶˵ǣĿǰ
ȥ˵ʱҲ
  μ̨֮õĴ½ѧ˾ۣйͳһϣһ
ϡһһиûһ˵ĳ޹ϸʶ̬
ᣬҲûһ˶һͳһйпǿͳһ
һҪļֵһһй˻ͳһȷţ
һĹͨ⣬¹й½̨ǰ;