롰ɿ߸Ȩ


޻

  
	˼ֹܽͷֹͣͲҪˡ˼ͳһͷ
ȫֲͬҪˡ˼ȲֹܽҲ޷ͳһǵͷ
Ըͬòб˼ۣͨ˼ֻͨ
ɲʵ֡һ߰˾귨ġȨ͹ȨԡΪƽȵ
Ȩ޾ر˼Ȩ֮һÿۡ
ͳɡһ߾һܷ꣬ͨһ涨
ƶɰɺͳɡ᲻ƶⷽķɣ
ְɾǷע⣬ıǡðᡱ
Ĺ涨ǷĹ涨ʱڴ˼ǵԡζ
ȻȨ֮Ҫʲô涨ֻҪȥ
ᣬȻȻʵˡҲһɣҪʲôֻҪ
ʲôʵɵıȨ

Ȩ
  
	ΪʲôҪʵɣɺܼ򵥣˵ĻȨ
˵Լ˵һУͲһϵˡʵɵֵ
֤ʵ䷴Ϊֲͬпܴȷĳɷ֣Ա
áʹǴдٳȷķչʵ
ɵȻõЧĸ㲻Ƿ
ԱûǷǱﱾ˵˼룬Ϊʵҡ֮
衣ԶԱáΪɣǡǡΪɵṩ۾
ΪĳЩ۱ΪԱк᲻ΣգԱֹ
ֹ㿴ë󶫣˵ǲȡŵķ룬Ϊǹҹ
Ļչķ롣ʲôǡšţǷôҽʹ˸춽
ۡôҽΪԡҹ̺Ļչ
һΪΪԡҹ̺Ļչô
šתΪաÿ˵ȨҺ᲻ð᣻
ҪԹҺͱɵˣ
Ȩÿ˵Ȩβüơ
	Ա˵ɵˣԼɡר塢˹
塢ȨǶɱɵģĴר塢˹塢Ȩ
ȴȫɵġ˵Ҫ˶Ӧɡʵɵ
춱˺ķԡԵɣ޷Ա˵̬ȡΪ
ݡϣһŵطɣֻĳЩ۵ķʵϣһ
ĳЩ۵ķҲȫɡַԵܷΪʲ
ôҪʵɵ⣬תΪΪʲôӦԡȡ˵
ɣΪκ˶ԼɡȻԼҪɱ˼
룬ԼͬҲͬҪԡȡ˵ɣ
˵ϣ𺦱˵ϣҲʧȴԼΪ˵ϡ

ɵ涨

	ʹɿøֶΣдߡֽ־鼮
̨̨ȵȡûЩֶΣſͽʹ
κˣһʱأбҪͿʹɣ֮û
ɣκˣһʱأеĪʹࡣ
	ʲôɣɵĸĹ涨
  	һֻۡͷĺģͨ׵
˵ǽдǶۡԺ󷨹ٻķ˹Oliver Wende
l lHolmesһ۶ϣ˵ɲᱣһھ糡
СŻˡҿֻŵˡھ糡ѽСŻˡ
ˡˣΪҪſ
ǱԼ˼룬˷ϢٵʵӰ졢ƶ
˲ȡΪϣµĽ˲ûɱˣΪʲôŦ
ױͥУΪǿͷǩļһΪ
Ϊսƶ֯ȥɱˡڵĽȶֵʿиΪ
ءýдԼ˼룬ۣýдӰ졢ƶ֯
˲ȡΪͲۣǾΪһۣ֡
ɣΪɡ  
	ڶһֻۡҪۣʲôۣ
ɵġ˵ֻȷۡۡۿɷȷۡ
ۡͬɷκۣȷ
ȷ벻벻УԤһ׼޷Բ˵
Ϊݣųһ˵ֻۡҪ򻮳һǻв
ɣȫʧٷϿɵۣû
вɵ⣻ٷ᲻Ͽɵܷ񷢱ɵʵ
ڡ

˼ΪĽ
  
	ҪƵģǷҪƣѾһ
ƵɣۡǶɵƣ涨Ϊ۷ɣ
ɡһҪ̸۶ɵƣ۵ݣֻܹ涨
۵ı߽硣Ҳ˵Ӧʲôۿɷʲô۲
ɷֻӦʲôۡʲôۡ޶Ϊ۵ķΧ
ʲôݶɷ崫ͳ︣Ǵѧ
УУ԰һɵı־һʯϿһ޴
ԲȦԲȦдţTHIS SOIL AND THE AIR SPACE EXTENDING ABOVE IT SHOUL
D NOT BE A PART OF ANY NATION AND SHALL NOT BE SUBJECT ANY ENTITY'S JURI
SDICTION.ƬԼ֮Ŀռ䲻Ӧκιҵһ֣Ҳ
κλϽǶɼõ󻯵Ľ͡ɵĽ޾
ΪۻһԲȦԲȦ֮ⲻɵԲȦ֮ɲ
κεƣκȨĸԤɵĿռ䲻κιң
ˡһ˵ɵĽ˼Ϊ˼ı
ɣΪϢɡڱ˼ĽڲӦýޡ

Եֹ

	˼ΪĽޣֱԵֹܡУ
Լб﹦ܣнܡǱ˼ʽʵʻ
Ĺߡ۾Ϊʽ˼뽻ΪϢ
Ϊ߽нſͽ⣬ҲΪ
Ա˼ԽнΪܻΪһ̸磬
Բʵ֮ʴԼǱ˼룬Ȼ˲˼룬
ķΧţԲʵ֮ʴӱõ棬թԲ
ʵ֮ʶԱȦףݡթȻҲͨде
ǲۣǷΪϢɵĽ¶˵Σ͹Υ
˵ǲʵ֮ʣһұ֣һˣǰۣ
ΪйΪĹٷѧңΪۿԹΥ
ǵַǻԵֹܣۣͬԷϢ
нΪҲۣһҧۡԹΥ
ۿԹΥᣬʮַضԲͬ˵
Բ۵ġ֤ۡۿԹΥԡۿ
ΥԸۡ

̸۲

	ŵרǸɵġִרȴɣͨ
̸۶ɵɱɡŷǰ϶ʮ
˸һרȨͷǹĹУ󲿷ֵܷдй
ɡɵȵȵƯʾ䣬׼ʵ֮һ棬˵ɵ
ֵģ޷ܣһ棬Ҳ˵ܷϹ涨ɲ춹
ʵɡл񹲺͹ġͬ졷Ĳܷй
ɵĹ涨ʮûһʵɡץ練
š۴ɷӡñӣС񶾹۴򡰷
۶ɿ߸ȨԻܳͷԴģο
ʤ˶Уγɸѹţǿȱ̬˹أǵûн
ɣҲûвɡ
	ΪʲôܷϹ涨ɲʵУΪһֹٷ
͡ëʱСƽʱٵʱǿԵģ
ǾԵġԵġʲô˼˵һ۶ɷк
۾Ͳܷ˾ҪƲáνк޺ȫԹٷ׼Ϊ
һɵͱ߸ˣֻ˵ɡ̸
ɣŪԺ;Եı֤ʾ䣬֤۲ɡ

ԵģǾԵ

	Ϊһ˵ԵģܷҲԵģ
Եģһȷ⣻Եģһȷ⡣
	ʹɣַ˵ɣɱơ
ʹɲַ˵ɣܼ˵ɣ
ɲҪƣӦԹۣΣˣܹΣ
˵ģͲۡк۲ǿ𣿿ڷۺͿǹӵ
һ˭ӵ˭Ǳܺߣ޷⣻˭ۣ˭
Ӧߣѡ񡣶κ˵ۣԽҲԲܣܻ
ĽܺͷĽܡһܹģΪܣ
ģֻ˽һۡףԸۣܽ
ֹۡκ˷˷ʹӡҲ£
ӴҿùӴȥ˴˱˴ˡֻȨߡӡ޷м

	֮˵ԵģһзľɣǱ
Ϊɡסɡ˼ɡɵȵȡѾһ
ɣܳ۵ķΧ۵ķΧڣǲƵġΪ
۲ɣҪȡɣɵȷ뷴۲ɡ
û۲ɣɾûмֵˣ۲ɣɾ
ûˡ۲ɾԲܵͣҲ˵۵ķΧ
ǾԵġеľԡ˵ԵģǾԵġ
лֻԵɣƵлҪƣ
۲ɡνɵԡЩɡЩûɣ
Ǿ͸ûɡƵɻҪƣմۣƵ
ƣȥɲǾԵģѵǾԵ𣿷Ƶ
ȴƵġơ֤Ϊ֮оԡ˵
ֻԣųԵġųеľɣ壻
ƵġơǾ塣ë󶫡Сƽǿɵ
ԡǶԱ˽ģԼԣʲôͽʲôôô
ȫоԵɡ𡰵쵼Ҳֻԣرǿ
Ծӵľ쵼һ˿һݲԵġڵ쵼·
ԵģմԵıߡǵ˼ά壬Ǿ
壬ǡǡǱ֤ķ档ɫ뱸ʩ壬άԼ
Ȩþ塣ɱɵĸԴǼȨ塣ɱɵɣ
ҲԿȨ˼ά֮ȱԡ 
                                                                        
     
ԡɿ߸Ȩɱ

	һ߾깫ġл񹲺͹̷һ˶
ǾǵһԷɿƷ޲׼
רȨƶȡǡɿдͽ
̣Ҫӻشдͽ̡ɱʮֺɵִ
иޱ߼ʡйٷı׼ۡǡɿ
Զ̡ǲϹٷ־˵¡ֱпܱ˵
ִۡһɵĽַ˹Ȩ
	ķɣӪʼڣûС
̷Ϲ涨ȫǡйɫǰ񵳵̷
̷СͷθǷɸֻ
ǷʷϵһʱڣȥˣҲνݶݵĸͷ
ĶƶЧķɣǸѧġңһ
ǲܵģǷԸΪҲǷԸ˼ۡ
ĲȷԣΪѹ˼뷸۷η󿪷֮šɻ֪ʶ
ӵһٷԣһž޶ġл񹲺͹̷ϳˡ
ӦҲȡˡɿ̷ȷˡΣҰȫ
ɿصǡɿ߸ȨɿѹڡΣ
ȫлСɿȺڱܹҷʵʩȷʵΪΣҰȫ
ġɿ߸ȨȵȣġһдĳЩ
θĸҪʵй͹Ϊı˷
ûиı䷨ľ̷ִУǰдɿȫ
һ

ɿɷҪ

	һضΪзĶΣ˼
۲ܹɷ˼۵ķ룬˿ԽҲԲ
ܡۣۡǷΪԭ̷ϵġ
˼ɿɷҲΪӦз
ĶΣй˾أдɿϣ
ػ˼ΪĽޣԷΪԱ˼ۣ
Ϊĸݡ
	νɿϵɿѧָۣ˵ɿ̬
ָµĶ˵ıʵɿɷ߱Ҫ
	һɿ߾п֤ķﶯ
	ɿ߲ǱԼ˼룬˷ΪϢ̸
һĿʾʾƶ˲ȡΪ
	ɿ߱ԾıɿĶ˭ɿ˭ɿ
ɿߵĶôܹɿûбɿߣɿ߼ʹзͼֻܽ
ʾɿΪʵĻгֻ磬ڲ
дһ䲻ʵɧǳͣͣΣ
ҡҵˣʵɿûбɿߵ
ɿ
	ģɿߵΪɿߵͼֱϵɿߵ۲֤
ݣɿֻ˵˼Ӱ죻ߣɿ߾ܾɿҲ
ΪʵɿߵΪ֤ɿھⷢ£Ժ
Ϊɿ߸Ȩ֤νɿǵûоıɿ
ߣûбɿߵΪ֤ɿ
	壬ɿߵΪɷ֤ɿΪɿ춽
ߵкͳ̶ȣȡ춱ߵкͳ̶ȡѡУѡ
ѡͶһƱҲ˵һɿɿ߽ͶƱǺϷΪ
ɿ߲Υ
	֮ɿߺͱɿǹͬлߺܻǹͬһ
ûܻߣȷлߣûбɿߣȷɿߡйķɶл
ܻ߶ɿͬʱȴûж춱ɿ
ɿһ֡˼еȱ㣬˾ضǳ
ûбɿߡûΣġɿʵ۶

ɿԭ

	ķԺɿҺͷǷΪİʱȷˡԶ
Σԭ򡱡ɿ˴±ǷΪ֤֤һ
˱˾д±ǷΪġԵġ⣬γĿģڶ˵
Ϊƶ˲ġǷΪΪĽڿ
ۻȷǷΪĿܻ򾹳ΪʵǾˡԶ
Σա۵к޺жϣӦṫۡʹ
ۣǾнԣøԤȼܻ
Ѿĺ׽ֹĳ۵ķɵļֵ
ɿ޶Ϊϸ񣬶νк̬ۡȴΪݡԡ
ۡĿݣͺ͹кۡǱַ
Ȩ

߸ȨҪ

	ν߸Ȩй˾ҲԵĽ͡
	ɡ߸ȨҪǣ
	һʵʩ߸ȨֻǱΪȨǱĻ
أǲȡΪ޴ӵ߸ɿأɿߵΪǷǱ
ģΪɿʵʩ߸ȨǱΪԤıеıΪ
ɿ뱻ɿǹͬɿ߼ʹδֱӲȡΪͬ
߸Ȩ
	Ա߸ȨǸ˵Ϊ˿ȡ
Ϊǡ߸Ȩˡ߸Ȩķ岻
Ǹˣ֯ļšɿأɿ߿ǸˣΪɿʵʩ
߸ȨǼŵıΪɿ뱻ɿǹͬɿ
ҲǹɷＯŵһ֡
	߸ȨԼΣҰȫ
ʵ֤ĶΣȨɿأɿ߱
ΣȨĶɿߵΪΣȨ
ΣȨʵԡ

ֹ߸Ȩ

	ǡ߸ȨԴҲ춹ңʹ
̨ҲǹɥʧȨȨͬ⣻Ȩ
ҲȨһٸУʮŸӵֻһ˷ԣҷԵ
ɲʮֳ֣ҲȨѹΪеκ˾зȨ
һܷԵΪȨרר
ǲܲ⵽ķԡ˿ţΪ
һѡٲԱƷΥ
ΪΥ˶˵־жСꡱ
۵鼮вۣлʮë֧Ȩ˶
Ʒ۹ʹﱩҲֻۣûвȡΪ
ˡꡱľӪԼ˿ѡꡱ鼮ǺϷġ
İ¥ըǱΪ춷Ƿ⵽ߣ
д̡
	Ƿеһɵģ
ȫвġִȨǹȨ
ԱȨֹ񷴵͹͵෴ԣ
ȿԷҲԷԹ͵ܷɱġ
	Ƿ
ΥȨȷʹ
ʹȨΪ˶ܵƲá
	йе߼ǣйǷй
ԹйԹǡΣҰȫ߸Ȩ
һž꣬йƶˡҰȫһž꣬ʱιԺ
רѡġһ칫ˡҰȫִϸ򡷣й춡ΣҰ
ȫƻĹ涨һɢֻۣ
ƷΣҰȫġֻܹΣҰȫ


ԹҰȫ

	һž꣬Ȩ֯ںǾС̫ƽһҰȫ
ȨϹʻ顱ָΨڹҵȨܵⲿ
ıвʱŷҰȫ⡣й޹йعҰȫ
ɣ춺ƽʱڣûһϡҰȫ״̬ͬ꣬
ɱ֯ϷǵԼ˹Ȩ顣ǿɲ
ԹҰȫơͨġԼ˹ԭ򡷣ԡάҰȫ
ϸ޶ΪⲿڲıвҴڻ
áԭر˵ƽʹȨӦΪΣ
ҰȫܵκƺͳͷᣬָΪ˱
ѿڸΪĳʶ̬ΪΪбܣѹ
ĲȶƹȨǲġЩȫ
ġ

ַȨִ߷

	ۿԹûбɿߵġɿй
Թ춹Ȩġ߸Ȩɿ߸Ȩ
дͽ̣Ҫдͽ̡꣬
Ƹĸķ˴ӹعθĸĺ˾ٰθĸ
ۣ˱εĸھϷͬ춹ٷ
۵£ͳͳԡɿ߸Ȩд̡ɿ߸
Ȩ˴ͬѹ۵ĳַȨ
ִ߷
	һȨȻ±߸ɼˡһ
˽硱绹һ벻һȨԡ
ȨϿǺǿģǿΪ׶񣻶׶Ϊڵ
ʮòһԡһˡһȨҲû
дڵˡ

ע                                                                  
       
šëѡ5414415ҳ
Schenck v. United States, 249 U.S. 47. 39s. ct. 247, 63L. Ed.470(1919)
. 
ڡǿ۵ġձ19791114գһָ
򷴸۶ץˡϣð˵Сƽ桢ľȴ
Ĵɶɡڷҵʱȷһ⣺ۿ
ԹΥǰֻ˵Сƽ1980116գĿǰƺ
񡷣Сƽѡ2218236ҳľ198026գ
ѧϵĽսߡ19804ڣҵĹ۵
Сٷѧҷ׷ӦɢĳضǷΪ
ѡ̸̸еۺΪ⡷ձ1980229գ
ɵۣӦ׷Ρɱʵ֡
ձ1981216գΣл񹲺͹ۣͱȻҪܵ巨
ɵƲáΪ䡢巨ɲɡ
1981525գ۴ɣ͹ɷ̡ܲ
ɷ⡷ձ1982716գƣơ
ȼǡءɡ̨µ
1993ꡣ
