  ִ˹


˰͡÷(Akbar S. Ahmed)

    Ѧ Ѥ 


      εͼˣ񣬾ͻֱᷴ׾
෨һڶ֮֡ϱ֮֮֡֡һž
ͼΪࡣһⱬģչţ
ʽĿѧüƻαĻšһھ۱ģ
ɾõġεġĸΣԼ壬Ͼȥȡжǰ
ֹ̬ȱģĿ׼δȴԼʷͳ֡Ȼ
ͻڽ̳ѹľƣ

      ģȫģʵߴҵŵ
󲿷ݵھ۱

      ⱬڱ磬ֱڵýѹСˡý綨˺
ִʱڵ壺ϵУתѲˡı
óϣ֧ýĻ硣ЩطĴͳԿ
ЩطӦı䡣

      ϣֻһĻ˹Ծҡֻ˹磬
ͬʱеڱⱬļƣһһȫ۵㡣ˣ˹
ȻҪײ·ߡȫ˹
ֻĻĳͻҲֻĶţ۵㡢Եѧ
ֱǿɽߵʷĻṹ򻯣Թɳֲͬ
һΪݣһΪһѾȫų
һ߽ڽ̷۵롣

  ִս

      ˹дͳĽִĿѧɣ߼Ѵ
ڳͻˡִĳ֣˹ĻĴһѹء

      ˹֣MUSLIM˹ͽͺִİ켺ֹ
塢֪֮ͬʱִַķһв˹
ۺĵս

      ϵ˹ãߴҵڣСġĵطֻ
һǿյģһ׵ѧĶԴǸ壬
Ҫ֧˵͸岻ϧıȡõĳ嶯ۻ
ԸַƵԴᶯͣ

      ֮£˹עصԡ桢⡣֪ºĬ¾
ææħΪǣִԿΪġý壬ƾ
䡢ʶҲ֮ý崫ֹۻ
ɫʡͣԣĻĻ棬ɧšĬڤ멤
ΰڽĵУýȴ

      ӰŶԹֵָ͡ԣݻ˺
ۻҡЩɼӰȻܳΪʵԵϵĴ˶
ԣкĻþǲܹκ⣬ȴԽɢĽ
֪㡢͡ƽĴͳȻ£ȴʹ
ѣƽ

  ý

      ˹ͽʷδܹýšйʱлҩ
룬˹ȴܽΪãͰͶBABARΪóûҩӡ
ͣPANIPATĪMUGHAL DYNASTY,1526-1858ʮ
šʮ͵Ļ𳵡绰Լɻ룬ֳߵվΪ˹ּ
淢չýʱʱڣ޿ײ
Եÿ覴öϷŹ

      ýǿƺ˹ֶ˹ȴòԱİ취
ǣƺ㲻ЩıĿΪΡǵĿ
˹ѧǵƫִԹԵÿ⣬һȺ٪ں壬
ԵǸѾƵˡ

      ܸоͷģһ˹ְաʶⳡսжô
ожôǿ㷲ڶԼȱģ
Ǽӱš

      һİ͸ҲơʱɹŴ۳£
ʷΰİ۹Ȼ˹750-1288ʹӴ˲аܣ
йģѷɫʢ簣ķ909-1171İ
756-929Լ860-902ӡȵĪ


      һȴûתĶԾ˹һܣƱٲ

  м

      £ĴڴýˣѾ֧
ȫˡǴãûɵģ쵽ˡ֮Ĺ
мһʵӰ֮׬Ǯҵ
ŶԹСܵĺɨ֮ƣǶ˹JOHN F.DULLES,1953-59,
䣩Ҳ벻ġȫյعӰزҶ
˭ǹСܵģҪʣĬ˫塷ˣǱ˭ɱ
ģ

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ýԳͣƣ䳰ȷ֮£ʴ
ڸδ̨ǰ湲ˡ

      ˹ʣýѴٳɹˣǵһͷ˭
أ𰸲ѲУ˹硣ýʱԽǴͳġ
ڽ̵ĻýȶõѹԽ

      ÿͳƾõڽ۷ͽӡȽͽ˹֡ͽ
򯾴ĬޡýʹĻڽ˽׷
ѡ˵թý˵Ĺ桢ǣû򯾴˼˼룬
ȥ΢ᩤϡִʽȤͻ֮£˭Ҳ޷
ϡ

      ˲ĳǰ鴿Ѿʧȥϡ޹ֺ˹
ųִ壬ָ֮Ϊ塣

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ЩĻֳ̰廯òˣ˹Ļʼմڱż͵
λãΣΣߵһСʱıĿ˹Ҳռ
ʮӣȴһȺ˹ں֮ǷʾӡȽ̺ͷ
̱Ļ治һЩ²ĸɮڴڤ룬Ǳͨý嵱
Ŵ̸ۡ

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ˣɲһ㡣

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ȴ߽⡣Ҳ˹ĻҪ⡣ͥԭ
ƾ˵ƷнȨĹܣѾΪýˡ

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ĻŮϵ㡢ҩáĿߩѹȣ
˵ĻϵɽĻ顣˹ֿЩѹҪֵ
Լڽᱻ׼ֵȫûˣ˹
Ĺġؽҡ

      ýΪĸ׵˹ַкΪǳֵӰһ
ԣǿֵ⡣ҲΪǶ˹ĻֵĶ


      ӲϷ͸˹ۿĻǣԽĳԲпֶ˺һ
ˡ֫سѪɡŸ¼Ӱǹ½룬굤
οɽܿѷһͷӡ

      ΪӰ橤ļ¼ӰƬǢ̸
ĿȻʧɫˡ¼Ӱһ尵ţе
ڰĶҪʲôʲôɳ£MARQUIS DE SADE,1740-1814:
ע:ɫ̬С˵˱̬ŰΪҲе⡣

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ߵļͥھȨңʹȨϵͳҡҡ顣

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Ա̳ʿһý徭ȡõĳŪġʸ֮ģ
Ȩ˶⡣

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ֵ֮ý̰ۣ˽ͥףԼ
ѧУȨȵȶڳڰȨܵһҲɨ⡣еȨ
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ýָӵģȴѾڽŮȨ˶̲ͬʱ
ˡ

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ձ϶Ҳڿʼع顢ĸ׵ְȨв˲
ͥԭ򾭳Ǩͽ⡣Щ˺ͥءԣ˹
ֱֿ׳ʣ֪ЩʵеƫĿеܹΪʲô
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ʩҵļͥ

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ʱͬţ練ΡҩƣӼͥ
˹һšJIHADʥսýǸָۣĳ
ҰĻȺвʵJIHADǳ߶ǿĸָ׷
ơΪȷܶжAIFRED TENNYSON,18091892
,Ӣʫˣķ緶Ŭ̽󡢲

    ̰ӡ

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ȴ־ñ˳һ¡˹ָŮƷֻ֪˳Ӵ
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ĳ򣬲ԸŮ̬ķУԴϣʱ

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˹Ϊϣ綨ģҲӡȽ̡ܸġ˹
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ĸŮλ£ֱûȨԣⲻΪ˹ָʾ
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ͻ˹̹ɣJINNAHĽ÷꣨FATIMAH JINNAHһ
𷴶Ծ¶߰ȲAYUB KHANսʮ
ȼ.УBENAZIR BHUTTOĺ󳾣ǽZIAս̶
Ϊλ˹ŮڵʱȫʷλŮ֮һһžһ
䣬.ǣBEGUM KHALDA ZIAòרǰΪϼĵһλ
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߽ˮƽѧߣ⡣ͳڽѧȺ̸֮󣬲֢
ڡ˹ڽѧ߶ԣڣ˼Τ֮
ûΪȳͿ޵СһԵӦ
ʽʹ˹ּԸȴҲʮΣաһ֪滹ϵͳ
ͻΣ֮ȡĪʵ۰򲼣AURANGZEB,1618-1707Լ
ʦ̾ǰָ֮ʦԹʵʹһΪĪ
ƥŷ޸СֽһЩʵǵ
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      ȡ⣬ҷӦ˹̢³ϣϣXALMAN RUSHDIE
Ӣͻ˹̹ңΪħʫƪ÷ᷢ׷ɱжһ
ʷǡƵ˵䶯һǰŷ޵۹岻ţ
ӷ޵յ޵˹ߵ٣SWATڰͻ˹̹˹ֶҵֿҪ
άԼĴͳʽ˫ҳͻĻģʶֵĲ
ALLAH.U.AKBARΰ󣩣־оףĽںʽŷ
ӷʽ͵ڻȻ˹ΪľĲ
ҡ

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Ҳ϶ڷ˹ԼҲšΰ󡱣ų
ϿɵĻǵý塣һεأȽƼ
˹ֵһһ˹񱻶ɱ
ٶȿ˴˻ƶײһǿҵԴһ
äĿŭ

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侲ĻӦɫԼʲ׶ɥЩ˹֣ǵ
б֮ݣЩ״ڵϲȫ˹𾪷ŭ
£һҮ·䣬һӡȣ˹ʷ϶ش壬ǰ
UMAR֪ºĬ֮ΰͳ֮һһǧ
ʷĪͰͶнʷ

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˹ֵ¶˩翦ʲ׶׳ʱһλ˹ѧߡһλ곤
̱ɱ˹ֶն񻷾ĻӦĿҪʹͶ
˹Ⱥ壬ҪǽϵȥҪºɵͶ
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˹̵˹֣ӶԴֽ˹˿֮У
Ⱥλռ˺ܴһݡ˹̹֮ԴЩ⣬Ҫ
˹Ⱥ֮ʩҲù쵼֮ӡһٷĿǹ
¼Ƶ˹ϼˡѵӵ͹ӾҲűĶԲ
˶оLORD ACTON,1834-1902,Ӣʷѧңͻ֮Աǣѹ
ڸޱѹޱĸ

      ˹ֱûд쵼߲ܽߵ±⡣
˹ǿչ˲ҵˣ˹ȴĩãֻ˵ȥжԵ˽


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ӣǵӦûͷԼᡣͬǰͻ˹̹ˣҲΪ岻ͬɱ
ԷʡSINDֶ꣬βпᵽ㣬ڽѶϢ
ڵжߵβˣ˹ʩŵĶը֮¡
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ƺ˹ʡȹ䱻ΪߣȴԳǰͻ˹̹ĺϷ
ڲŰͻ˹̹ܳΪһͳһŽ˹ҡһһԺ
ϼΪڼ顣˹̵İͻ˹̹ԸЩ˹־ک
ԭǺϷİ͹񣬷˹ϼҲԸǣһֱ
ӪƶУ֪ȥδӡ꣨UMMAH,ָ˹ֻΪͬ
ĸǳãȴδʵЧ˹дӱŬ

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ͳɳءɳڵذǰɪϼ¼ԼӶ
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ϲĶĳʿһ˹ҵʯ
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ὫǶʮһ˹ֵĴ󻼡˹ǣѹֶ
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Գǡ塱ʱ塱ľƽȻȻˣǰδ
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