ԵĶԪ˸ķѣ̸Ľй


() 


ԣԵѧ

    ĿʼڶϣĽǽĻȣѧϰ
رԣǽ𲽡׶ѽѽѧͿʼˣԶԶ
ΣǽرĽĻ
һнΪ塣ٴΣữ(socialization)
еΪҪý飻УĽͳΪữҪ֮
һΪͽĻߣձϵĳڣ
Ҫ;֮˵ûģûнĽΪ
Ľ
    Ȼܶ෽棨ѧȣĽͬĽĻԺ
ԣεߣΪεĽ볨˴šһν
Ȩ塱(totalitarian)Ųĸ߶λУˣһ
йʷ϶߶ֵᣬҲˡʵϣΪ
ҪƶеĹϵһΪ죬һ
ַαǨҪӰ졣ԡĵΡĽ
ͳΪһֵӵĿ⡣ľǴѧĽǶȣѧĽǶȣ
ͼⲢ̽֡
    ֵ̽ص㲻һϵġΡĽΡ
Ǿ۽ǰ۲ͷĿǰйĽβ
Ӱ졣ں̶ܴνпάʽ(Tocquevillian)оΪ
һٶǰ˼ҡƶȵΪ̵Ĺ۲֮һпάѾ
رע⵽ƶ֮ĹϵһоȺӡ
ڵоУƺһףﾳУ
һֳ뿪ˡ˺ѶԴϵͳԸһ־
ѧձͻйĵġԪο
ѧһЩϵƶתͣ̽һĽɵ
ΰάרƣԼйܾе庭

    ճԵķѣйԵĶԪ

    ʲôνԵĶԪҴе˵
    ĳ̶ֳϣй˵ѾԽԽΪһ־ĥһ
ۣ֮㺬壺һճУԽԽѧϰ
ͨһ½ȫ㶫˵һܴ
¡Խϵı˵ܵ˵ӡǣһЩˣ
ǴӵӻٷԱĽѧϰͨرЩνӢӡǡ
Ͳ飺һΣڵѧУӴѧԺһţ
Уһλר½ѧвԱڷһһ͹
ΡУع鲻꣬Щ뱲Ӣĸ߼Աǣ
ѧųǻʱͣԽڵĹơЩΪӴʻ㵽ǻ
ѧϰеĿţǡǡ͹йܵľ
    ĥĵڶ;ǵӡ꣬۵շߵƵԽ
Խ٣йƵԽԽࡣ˵ڵѧУߵӣһ
ԼʮƵĸ۱Ƶ֮⣬ԭԼһͨƵ
һ̨һǷӣĶǸӣձ
¼ºͺȡٵֻʣһ¼Ϊص
ҵƵӵĶʵƵ̨ھռƵ
ͨӢ㲥ʵϿΪֲ̨ķռ
򿪵ӣľǻõĹ㲥дʱǡһ
ǰ󣬵϶йضͯıЩҲģʽ˵ֻ
ܵйĽμ̤Ĳ̬
    ﻹȥ漰Щϵ˵ٻҪǿǣĿǰйһ
֡ԡͨĽйѾγһص㣬ǹ
ڳʹõԺʵʹõԵԪؼʻǻ
ĶԪ仰˵йʵУûӲԱ
˵Ӳ͹ԱһճЩߺ͹Ա
˵˵ճΪ桱ԣһԼ١
롰ԡγ硣ǰУԱЦ֪
һ𣬰ѵϵĻᵽ
    ǰᣬ˵һȽϣйԵ֡
Ԫ͸Զ׼ˡͳڹʽϽȻ֣صĶࣻ
ճжأôӽĿˣ
Ͻ١ǻȵȣճһ˵жأ
ǼɻΪʲôйԾһԪص㣿һ
ص㣬ȻҪ漰ճ빫(public life)
ʲôֻᷴӰ칫أ

    ԡԡ˸ѣĽάר

    εĽǶȷЩ⣬ĵһǣйԵһԪ
ʣǳרƶȵĲ
    £ΪȡѡΣμұڵճ˵
ˣȻʵճΪ׼Ӷϴ
ҲʱγɵġСȦӡԹ淶ٳճһ廯ʵ
пάһʮǰ۲쵽һ£ǶΪ
ƶ򣬾Ϊκƶһ
    йεĵȲΣȴֱҲȷʵ
ʮĲĳ(populism)
УγһΪص󣺼Ȳһᣬйƽ
ԵġԪҲȻᣬһ£γ
۲쵽ĹԵġԪǰ߲ȫ춹ԱҲ
ȫڡ۹ԱڣֻҪлڹϽȻԱӵ
ֻᣩͻǻٵʹǹԱճ˵Ҳعߡ
    һνԡʵϾʧȥκǳ֮
Ϊԡĸԭ򡣴ͳȨĹԣȻ
һʵԣ
ҲʵģʵĲƽʵȨ塣й
˲ͬνԡȫһٵԣƶ
һСٵһֱӵӰ죬ϰá
ǻԴҲԴΡճ빫
γ˸˵ڹУʹһԺӦ˼ά
ʽҲ͵Ȼ̺ļֵѭһϷ
ճУعңһԺӦ˼άʽ
ļֵϷǾձ˸ѵ
    Ҫǣ׶ĿǰйʵУԵش໥
ͻ״̬еǣìͻأ
ĻսԣǰԼνȫԱ
Ϸ֪Ϸһ鹹磬ǣϷ̨Ҫǻ
һףص̨£һ糣ϷʵΨһܾ
ԱҪΪͬĿǰйûνԡʲô
ʵ壬һάķʽͼɡ
    춣Ǹٵ磬βԣȴͬʱҲһʵ
һճʵΪӲΪʵ硣
רαһٵĹڡٵһ棬Ǿ
Ǽûʲô˳ĺϷԣʵһ棬ǾȨʹá
ǿ˻ճǴҾͼװԼеġװȷʵ
ǡװǣǿһʵճУǿ
˺ܴɣΪԸڹ֡װǡǡ
֡װһǵ֪ģǵ֪Ӷʹܹ
Ƶ̹ר״̬רȨһ˵֡ԵĶ
ԪΪǳҪĺͿ̵ģרȨʵԣΪһ
Ը롰ٷԡЭһҪٷԡΪר
뼼ɡͨѧУýеĽ
ԶԪ˸ѳΪ״̬רƵ˾Ȼ˥

    ֹͣɤӡԭݣʵռĽרƵת

    ʮǰŷʷԵα仯ʱ綼еȡΪʲ
ôһֿѾΪͨڵʽƶȣһҹֱ֮
Щ컹Ǹƶ¡װǣΪʲôǸͻȻټ
װȥҪȫǸƶȣйⳡĴоУһҪ
ķ־ǣ˽Ը(private preferences)빫Ը
(public preferences)ѵ״̬Ȼ˽ͶƶȼȲ
ǲȷҲܹƭԼΪԼĲò
һһƶȡһĳʹ໥Լ
Ըʱһҹ֮ˡ
    йʵ߳һ׶Σڣº˲ȷҲԼһ
ƶȷǳһŰ˾¼䣬Ѿֵؿֲ
Ļ۳̶ȡǣרƵֲȡѪѹֶ֮󣬳춿־壬
˻ص˽֮Уй᳹ˡ͡˽
˽˵ɣڹռΪΪǣ
ǲܽ˽˿ռģǱضͬʱڹռ(public sphere)
ǣǿ֮йһСĽزȥڹռð
ֵľ棻ʹõֵ˵Ӷװһŵ
Ը뵱ֺ̬ЩʵϡٽȨƶȵ˵
οǣԼڡװǣȨƶȣ
֡װѾһָжǿԴ֧Լˡ
    Ҳ˵һǲ١װйεľ޴ת;ͻᷢڹ
ռճʵ˵װĵһҲÿһ
ԹȨʱΪԼԼʱų
ΪԼҪָǣǿģһϵġ˵滰
Ҫ漰ݵжϣǿģǡʵķʽ˵Ǹ
һַʵһȷʲô˵ѣ
ǣֻҪʹáɤӡǾͿ֪Լͱ˵(identit
y)Ӷʵռ䡱Ĺռ
ǡ˳ѾṩసĿܵ·

