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     ҹһ塣ڸʷʱŲͬơ
ʱ ʱ¦κ𼪣Ƴ£γŮ档Ůʮ
 ͽǿĽ»ҮɹΡйڽɽʮ
ΪΪ͵ɹŵ۹120ꡣ˺ɢڶŮ
춷ɢ˥΢״ֱ̬ʮĩŬཨŮ
     -Ůķʽܱ졣Ӱǰ­ͷ⣬ͷ
 һ费¡ʣÿ嶼д졢䷢
ʽ ʽȨȻ󣬲Ҫ˰
ۡ ǿķʽʽĻΪʽ
     ڹҲԺΪ߾͵˰ۡһ
 Ϊ߽ܡǿȵظıʽʽȴȻͬ

     ʮͳŮ彨ʱ񺺷շʽ
ɱ ֮ᱩںڵǿҷδܳУ̫ںھ
֮

    һǰ귢һ

     Ԫ1616Ŭؽ(ʷƺ)ΪָġǰĻ
 ҵ1618꣬Ŭνߴޡ췥ͥڶĳ
򣬲1619һд˶ͬʱ䡰
귢 
     귢⵽ķ(񵤶)ɱ
귢 ĹʣںĲпѹºڵ֯ܿ
ʧܡ 귢ģĴ׷ɱߡ
Ѽ ̽δɽʱ׷ǡ֮ͷߣͶѼˮ
ϵƯŸˮ塣龰Ϊ׳
     Щǿ±˷ĺ˼ʹʶĻҲ
;صͥû뵽ЩΪ꺺
ҡ׵ɱԳ񡣺山
ϵŮͬɹֵı֡òѽ֡Ե
ֻǷʽЩӾϿµ׼޷ͥ˵ǵԩ顣Щ
սɱȴɱ˼ʹͬðɥĲ֮ʹ
ֻֻһѡ񡣲귢ľͼꡣΪһ귢
ӡչپ(ָ)αΪԩ Ǿ͸ᶨ຺
귢ķ

    ֹ֮ķŵ

    Ԫ1644422ЭͬɽشԳɾ
 βֱ׷³ӱ뾩գ´귢ͥ
 󾪡ɽؽ;˱Ϊԭա
𡱣 Ψ١λҵʱڶ
ֻ ӭ̬ȡ뾩߲̫ӣȫǴǰ
 ޴㵡귢£Ⱥӿ
    ͥһ˲ʿĳ̺ͲͥСһ
棬 Ϊɥ졣ɥȹٺ귢Щ䷢
ȡ ֹͥܣŻӳǡ̶̼֮ѳɷ糱
 ʱ뾩֮δȡԳɾܣʵڣҾ뱱
 ңԶؾۼʮ⣬뾩ʮ֮Ȩ
Ͼⲻܲʹͥ˼ɡϵͺƽϵб
üʮ򡣶رʮֻΪ졣
˳Ĵӣ°Ǿ
ھʮְյ £бӱķһЩ
ͥʶй֮ ĵҪʱƣѸٸ
ޡ¶ʮİڳһ װ˵ԸԺ
³վϤ㡣 ϳ귢 
    һڲϹͥⶨˡƽζϡսԷ롣
 ʮ£ϱ·˴˳£ԥ
· شܴ˳ԳӡӢø챱·һ·ն
 ʦ£øӱ׷˳
 ʦȨ
    ³ԳɥŹɽ(һ˵թ)壬׷Ǣ
Ͷ (δ)ʱ£ǵδشֿ;սƽ
ʱ ĽƵùһ̾ͱ⣬ȫ̬߽Ⲣ
 £Ѯʷɷ쵼¼ֻֿ켴䡣
ɱԾЧȡȻʮսϾʮϥͶ

    һݱƵͥ־ռϾͥΪѶ쾡
ǰŵ µ׶ﱨݣʾҪָ귢к뻺С
ʱȡǵϴ߳³ذ귢
 귢вӣԾ¡߼Ϊҹ֮񣬳֮ͬ
ܡ
   汾ƶߣɱ⡣

    ڴӻӭ

    صԭֻһʱ䣬ƴ˳ƽϾݺǧ
ʵ νչ١֮ԭǶ෽ģвɺԵǣ
ڼ ȡһȷߣǾǰͷŰ񣬴Ӷ˺ڵ
ġ
    1644¶ʮճɽشսչ֪˴ս
ǰ Ȼͬɱ°ΪĿģҪʶԭ԰콫˵
γ ʦԳ԰Ҳɱ޹Ӳ
 ®ᡣԼߣ֮ڻɽشʤ򱱾;Լ
 ʿ˳ǣ˹˵ȣŲ롣հ£޷˵˵
ѣǶġһ׽һֻҹɱʳ֮˸淢
նɱ һٲӪʾڡٲ
ǿȡϸ ߣްʮȴǰ̫
ɱԡͬҰޡ ޶ɱһȮһ˹ͬ˵
Ҳǽ һǶȿҲȷйĴ־Ϊ
Ǹޣ ԣ°֮Ϊ֮ʦ˵Ҳ
࣬Ϊ֮ס
    ĩʮԭڱޡܻǹپ˷ֻ
 Ķʦʼ˼
޷ նĿһ¡ǣԭʿĪ÷
    ȻΪţԥʦ;
 ڵԷֿ١ݿսϵʷɷֶͥʹ֡˳
 Ȯҵ޺֮ġֿ֮
 ֮˫µĲҲȷʵȡóЧϸ󶼶ĵ
 ˳ӭ̬ȡ
    ϾʱʾɱˣͷճҵϾڸԼϴ
 ˳̩񰲡ʵꡱ³ݣ
 ƾٴִ㵽Ӫɿʾ˳ζڶͥίĽ
 Ա·ӭ̫֮ࡰ㻨ӭ֮ʹǽҲͼ
 ڸʾ˳¶ʮˣԥ쵽Ͼ㣬Ͼ񡰹
 ¡Ϊһͳķˡڶ޴ޡǵ
 ˣϣʿģ⿤ظ
 ڡ޲˽д󡱡
    ǣѮͷȫ䲼䡣ڶ
ͥ ̬ȴӻӭ˳תΪߺ޿Ӹ䡢ɱܵ
Ⱥ Եװ鼰ϡиͥԳشԶӰǡ
ʮ Чңʮͬ塱Ľͷ
    ˳ζ(1645)¶ʮģͥν֪طൽΡʮշ಼
ȫ 귢ꡣôʼΪϾƣͷ
 ͷݸල귢⼤˽ļ

    ʮռʮλ¸ص֮еظ򷽺ꡣ
߳⡣ ߡΪʿ峯֮٣ʵǲ֪߳ܣ
³һ ٴξ򷽺󡣷ǴݡڷŭѼһλ
õµ ˷Ȼ۸ߺͷɶϣ꣡屡Ŀ
 ҵĻӦһ׳ɴչ
    ԭƾΪ졣֯ǿġְδ
ݾ ǰӦԪַȫһġǮǮ
 ʵʿ̳赾ô֮ҡ˵ǻټҾ
塣 ȻѴݵǰ֮ʶ忹ֻɱʡ
    Ϊʾ귢ľĺͼĸ塣߻ʵλ
ʦ¡޳ܵͥ߹ƽʱֺ
شСٲȻ˵ƲͻȻ𺺻ԼǺˣ
ˡڵķߺޡ³Ȼ֪
    ͥѽΧͰһ㣬ҹ񹥡ڽļֿ
 ܼʬԳӦԪȰҲ⵽ܾС
˿ڶֻݵĺü֮һسǵʱݳʮԴ
Դ䡣ġƣߣǳǲɱġ
Ҳ⵽ºĵһӲ̡ʷƣڹˣڳ
 սǧˡսкͳƺʮ
Ҳ˵ȫǾе쵼ȫѳڳƺȫ
Сʮ˾ټԷ١ٳֵָսشյ
 бڲ͡
    Ŀйʷдɸһҳֵû
 ˼羴òָǣǡʮաζ
Ѫϴ 쵼߹Ȼˣɱ־Ǻ顣ް
 ء;ġྩԭ˳ȥ
 ֮ʦһݺὭϴʵ׽⡣ÿս±
 ͷЩǰʱ缦󡣶ͷ󹥴
 ʱȴ绢ǡΧǵĶʮнɶһϵĺʹʮ
֮ ࡣ
    ÿĩʷڱгִ֮󲻽⡣ͬ׻֮Ϊ֪
֮Ĳ죿ȷɵҰ֮С
Ϊô˾ΪײޱȵɱԼͬ߻
һ 󲻽ǣΪйרƱȻңʮӼ߰޿ڵ
£ ֮֮УôôΪٰ֮ƱͿ֬Ĩۡ
䵱ӥȮΪŰȥѹŰɱ־ʿ

    ġͳμŵıԶǺ͸߹ͼ

    Ҿ徵Ľɱ(Ȼ⵶)ûŵ
 塣Է귢ĶǵûֹߵͳεĲΡ
ϵ ˷ƵܡŻԡ͢롢֣ɹҸ嵨֮ʿ
 쵼嶷
    Գ˳ֳɼɡɽǢͶˣվδʵ
ؼֱͥ귢Խ˳귢޿ɽܡֹ֮
顣 ңڽϵѪɱҲǵߡʽꡢԵ
˵ ׳ٶ߸Ǵ˳ಿ(1646ս
) ⼫׳˿⣬ɶͥ
 ̫췴ԻָĺװعΪ١
ν ֮ҡʱ𡢹ҲطСñԡػ
֮硱ߺǡΪ塣õǾá𣬶̨֣
ϡһֱ ֿ1683귢1644ʮͷ
˵ʱ䡣 ִЩѧǿͳμšͷ
ͷѹߡָǼҷʹ峯ͳһйĲ
֮ɣ ȴʮҪԭЩѧ߽ĵ
Ȼеȴͳ μȡһѪȴʩȻͳһ
Ѷȣȴġξð˵Ҳȡʷ
ѵıԶǵľߡ йʷϷαԭ
ԶȻٵ ƾ亷սͻͨпɱ¾
ũӵĺ塣Ȼ ռйȫ򲿷ֺǶԶһ
⣺ôͳκ壿 ԪɳɹŽԪ̨飺޲
ڹϤΪء ɱ⺺ˣӶѸض
Ӱ۵˱ϾǼ
    Ϊ˼ά˶ףʹõĲпɱ¾ֶβΪɱ¾ɱ¾
 ˡΪեȡѪѺ˶ɱˣ
˭ ʹ˭ǵĺݳṩƷɱ޷
 ˶ֻѹեʹǣ˵Ҫͳǡֻͳ
ǵ ֻҸҪøƶȡƶҪ
ֺ춺˵Ŀԭļʮϰٱ
 ߲࣬Լ´
 ĻϼΪûֻֻиմƲ൱ֲɵ֣
 ʹϸӵġ̻ܽȥʶ֡мڴˣ
 ߲òѧʹúﺺġ˶Ǿ滹ء
 еĳЩ˻򡰹ҪѧϰʹúﺺĶչԺĻ
Ľ ĻͬһЩڶ飬ӵʹ֮
̰ ͼݣϳڵǹ⡣侫ĺʿǰ

    İٶǰŮ߹һʢ˥·֮ǰ
֮ ɹҲ·ңԶʷݣһǧǰ
ε ǿҲڻںĻ֮СʱذϲΪ֮׺ߡѪ
 ɱͳһ˱йһλг֮ϳлᵽһ
Ǵ ۽硣ص˵ΪԱֵ֮أ֪¹
 ԭΪ˵˵ʱ䣬ذʱȫܺ

    ۹ĿŬࡢ߻̫ʵʵ߶ͨﺺ
ġ Ŭˮ䰡̫Իʷи˽
һ ʹ֮ʩ࣬һʹ֮ǡȵǰ֮ʱ
ʱ Լžӡ
    ԱֱͳελΪĿǲġͳελıҪԱ
Ļ ϰϵĳΪۣʲôأһĻں
ģ ͳελҲֻǾ֮ˡһͳȨ׵ת⺺
С Ǳ峹ʧ
    ͳ߻иߵͼġǾǼҪԺͳΣҪʹ
 ֮ͬصȱǵĸޡʵϿȷʵҪ
 ٱĺϰȴҪ˶Լ¹ڷʽ
 ¹ڷʽ
    ĻĹɳ⻹¹ڷʽϰߵȡ˵
Ļ ںô¹ڷʽȾĻ߲ۡѴӺﺺģ
 ʹ˽Դ¹ڷʽҲǿ⡣Һܶʱں
һ 㼰ں֪οĺڶää
˵ ۼһС
    ׷һ㣬ᷢһ˵İءǾ۵ͬӪһ
ͬ ĸоȫе˶귢խ½䣬ԭеĻ֮һ˵
ʧ ȥݡ˵Ի˵Ľġòѱͬʹʲô
 ѲʮҪؼĺѲٰٵΪ
ࡣ
    Ϊڷʽʽ޿ɰѺ˼֡Ȼ人˿
Ȩ ֮ǱȨ䵱ͷɱ¾𽥱ʷĳ
 ǣʿһƾٿĴΪʱ˾Ͳٰ忴
Ǵ ԭֵң˿ȷͷͰȻɹ
Ů桢ɹδԽ֡
    ͳߵıԶʹ֮ΪһʱѪɺ
 ڲҲĲżܻ̫εĳ
 źռڻ̫ʴغȽ壬Ĺ
Ϊ ͥȶЧĳֻ˽ۡͷ¹ڣ¼̫ƽ
 ʲۼ
    ͳεıԶʹ߹ͼĵʵ֡1851꣬ض
 ̫֮ƽ屬̫ƽڡֺϭ˵йй֮
 Ϥһβںʹй˱ΪҲйй֮
ڡ öºڣȴ֮ᣬʹйˣҲȻ
 ȡ֮¡յɶȵġ֮ҡ
Իָ ¹ڷʽΪ޴һϦ֮»Ӧ̫ƽ
㡣 ϭáĵɹѹ̫ƽ
Ŀ ؿռ䡣
    ѹʶ߷ĺ˵ͷ­
 һ¹ڷʽˡĺ˵񾭣ûִ
 ʶ𼤵治֪ȨڶáͬԪ
 Ԫá²Ժǧɽġ²
ֻ ˵ĸӡ֯ߡμ߼ʡȺӦ
 ʶڷʶ̾ɹԺ󡣾Ȼ˲ϼ
 ȼȥʱɥޡʮǰǵΪ崹
Ѫ ȴΪ崹贷ض㡣ѾͨѪɱ
ǿ ķʽڵԼԭеĶʵ˵
 ıԶվԺ˲˶ôľūá

    塢Ȩҡ֮Ĺ

    صռϾǻӸǾٱϷ޲
ҡ طǱѪдϭΪ񲻿ɵ
    档һǴ˳ڡ˳
ɽ زҰܺ()ıʤӲ(ʵʾ)ˡ˺
 ̣Ļ־һٰܡʮĲ֮ʦ
ɥ һ֧һսĹϤ塣ϵ
 ҰսȻسսǿش
̰ ־ȫޡ߿Ҿ١ﳤֱ֮
 ڿսأʷ֪ǰҮػŮ
 £ܵԭĴػʱȴྶͥѵڵİѸ
 ˻ʵǻԭũսˡɱ
 ԼŰҵʮֲơƣȷʵ֯ģĿս
 ״ԶȻԭҲûж
ֿǷرų˳ζԺ鼰ϸصķ
ͷĲҶ ʺԳ׷񶨵Ĵ𸴡ôӦôͽ
ϵľأ ķչγ塣ڴ˻ϲ˹ҡұ
Ȩ
    ϵеĸȺ塣ĳһȷĵڣ춵Ȼ
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Ϊʽ ϰߡֵȵȡһֽԵȺ𡣴
γһͬ塣
    ͬһ춹ͨϵķ˴˻һͬСᾭĻ
ķչʹϣڸķΧвơųؽиֻ--Ǩ㡢
ѡ óסСѧȵȡһֻڱ˴˾ͬеȺ
ͬ һнСʹٽͬ--ҵγɡÿСͥ
 ŴȫĹͬĴͥ ȻҪعɡһ
ȷĽ⽮ɽ ɭֿصȡϢ⽮
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Ϊҵ塣ҡ ׼ȷĸӦǡ
    ҵĲذȨĽΪ֯ͶƸ淶
 ΪʽҪƶִзɵĻȨȨе
 ֵĹܡȨȻ˵Ȩ͹ͺȻسΪҵ
 ʱȨͬΪҡ
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Ӿܳ𡱡ʫڵŭ⣺ʱɥἰ
ĩ꣬ҵ˾ȨӺΪʵĩ
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ꡢ𡢽ܡ ͥθ̰ºСٹʵȴ
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ֻҪԼܸŵվй ȻйǺ񡣸˰
ҪġԻʵ۸˻ ʲôͬ˻ʵ污
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ҪԼ˰ۣҪҷϰߣĻͳ˺裬Ľ
ɺ² ййǿ벻̡ѪһӦƼ
һϦ֮ ԭ֮ơ ԺΪʽϵһǰȻͬı仯
ʱڽϵʿĸ ⡣ΪʲôΪͷ­˳֮ˣ
䷢绢
    йȨʶ̬ҵƲ£ΪӪȨĺϷ
α 塣조ң롰𡣰ѹҵͬ
 ˾ӦҲҪл񹲺͹йȨ
 ΪݣйӥȮצ룬ںй
Ȩ ־ʿΪ
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 ĲõʷĻܺ͡ڼǧʷУϵ
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 Աͻάһ¢ṫȨθ֣
 ĸκƶ⣬ôȫȨ
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 ־ʿҲŶй--İҲǻʵŮ
 İߡǺȫ޳ܵݺͷ̰
    ٶǰͷ׳ҶʹȨ
ҡ ֮ĹϵйȨĻеۡɹΪսר
ʵֶġ  2002610

