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һƵǹϵ

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ʮʮͥ塢˳ǹϵ֡ʮ
ʮձǹϵʷ
ͥձ壬ƴ˳Ȼʷ򵥵ȫͬͥ
͹ʧˡʤ߲ͬձͬ˳Ĺ

   ʮ(Ԫ1616)ŬʽƺԪԿ
 Ļʱ𾭹һϵвпսɱ¾ڳ
ʮ(Ԫ1644)Ͻǣ侭28ꡣʮ(Ԫ1921)
ʮ(Ԫ1949)йë
 ʤ뾩ϺҲ28ꡣʷ˵ɺϡѵڤڤ֮
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̣Ϊ֮Ч񣬲ʡͥΪΰ
йΪʤ֮ʤй֮ʤ֮ûйĩʿ֮뵱ʿ
֮ӵû֮ͬ? ԺԸк죿һ
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йǱʶʵҪ

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ʷƬ硰Ӻ۹ȶĿϾ
¼ȴʽǷͳʱھİûԻֵͣک費Ϣ
ȫưֵһ᣿ʵ̳·⽨۲Ŵԣ䡢ֵ
ҵڿӺ֮¡ַ⽨ͼΡ黳һ
ֵһ飬⽨污¡¡ ʡҪԷ⽨
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пɱ¾ǿӸġʮָġһֱΪЦ
巢ʽĻӫϻζݡ
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ϷĿװϷȻ̨ռһϯ֮ءȻҲȨʣװϷ
˳⣬ѼټǷ״γȨֵ
̬Ҫûйϵ
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ƻͳһԴԾϱ߽Ĺ񵳲ӵĵж
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ͺĹϵͻ᲻춹ҵȶּ£йĹٰ
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   Ӧ˵й˺壬йǱʶҪ֮⣬֪ʶ
һĳֵйءһԴжϡй
ĵ춨塣ûţйİͼܲеһ룬
֮һĻйϳֻǶң
ܳΪоصһ
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йͼţйԵĸ죬һһ׶
йķչӰΣȷʵǡˡɹԳ³ȷ
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͡һһѾڼ԰ϡճϢ
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ʹõЩطԻҲûô
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һ仰Ϊȷעš˵زԹʹ

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   ʷϻҲйģսǶǲòԹΪصά
ռ䡣һʤձسũȻͬ
̬ǰ߾ֲϸ޹ء߳ڷԣ
ŴϢǰߵľڹ͢Էϸ軶磬ߵĿ
ʿ䡣ǰ˱Ӫũʿ䣬
߳ɺһ±ȫԱǰ߾ñؼ丳˰߾ɱ
ӡֶڶԷóİͼȷΪ

   ȻǷĿԶԣйͼֻ
֮һأҼػعһʷ
   Ԫ(Ԫ1368)Ԫ谾ֱִ󶼡Ԫ˳۲ֻƽ(
춫)꣬󽫳˿ƽԪ˳۱ߴĮԶӺ(
)ɼѺĮϡ
   ʮͳ馾֮ۡǼڰٷϴ٣Աȡơǲʹ
йɺ˷Į˴Զల¡ʹڱɱ
ŭɶʮδٱսĻսͥʤݡ
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Ӣ֮--ǿԶ棬ԻԷġɹŸİ
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ͥΪ˷֡Ȼһšå͸ɳسϢ
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ʮһֱ˥΢״̬,ֳɽŮ桢Ů桢Ұ
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ȷǧʷʹ֮ԲһΪ嶯
塣ڶųļƶȱ
ԿӼͥгڸ˽ȡ׾ܶ

   ڼһ֮ʧĮӹ֮档ʶ֪˶
 ԭϥ......Щҵġǲ
ġר׷ҲƷʡרѱ
Ϊ֮ΪƳ糱֮ʱ۶֪ʶ
ȥΪרЧΪٰ֮⣬䵱ӥȮΪŰͲֻ
ԭ뵽Ʒ֮ȥѰˡ֮ǾΪӵ
רȨܡѹʹԼø档
   Ǵȥ߻Ӿ˻Ʒеĸʵġ

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ȻƷʽϼѵˡЩ˱ɱǶɱͬһս
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졣ʹ֮ƴɱһϢҲɽְǽϣйʿ
˿ΪͷءĪźȻֵԭ
ԺΪڻܿת¥ܿ

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İõȥϸͥĿƾٿǵ˸ŤΪαס
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   йһһİͼҲһܶԸ
 ѡĻԸҪǽıˣҲҪԸ
ɵʧȻʵѡѲܽУǲòԼȳ
ʵһСȻ˭ҲܸıһУȴǶǶչ
Ļл˼

ġ˵

   1ڡƵǹϵаձǾ֮
໥ϵԡӸҰ֮䵱ԭ(1)
Ů汾ͥȨµĵطȨԪ1616ŬཨԪ󼴳
йڵȨձһֱйһҡ
ԭϵйϵ⡣ձ붫͹ϵһ
ԡ(2)ԭȫȨձռйطʼû
нֱͳйȫȨ(3)ձսܺ󳹵˳й⽨Ȩ
Ʒ˶йڡ
   2߶ԵѪɱ¾;ū۷ߺ֡һߺ˿쵽
йͬϡⲻΪձϾԶ
ҲΪձϵһҪĻںͥ
֮С߶й֮ͬ顣
   ִҵգ⽨ʷ֮ʣйһ
ѡ
   ֮ëΪԴԾѹ񾭼ôݻٴֹ
˶ñˡСƽΣԻǹ̹Ѫ
ɱƽڵ¼Ըĸ֮ʩӶ֮ʵ̣ʵʩר
ǿʱϵĹ̥ʹθ߶ȸܣ̰ºСƶ⡣һ
йŵıӻһͶĳϦ
   ־ʿصǽйڴ˹Уչ
˼· ʷΪھйרʷԴϤķ⽨Ŷ
ڼѷܶвȡȷЧķԡ

