̽

αλܷ

 ƽ


˵ 

  ʵУһЩмʷйضλα
ܷ뱣⣬ǰѾ˴оΪ˶ԭ
ƶѴﵽ൱ĳ̶ȡƪУҲЩԭƶ
ʲôµֻǽйʵʽһۡ

һ

һƳǴӱ

  ҵĿǡαλܷơѽ齫еġ
ָΪΪ۴ϡܷȨı顪Ǵ
ʵϡйдר״̬ȹĵĶǱơ
˵ۡơζںΥ֮仮һߣҪҳ
ߣǾͱԽߵ߼˼˵ۡơƱҪۼ
ͬأۡҲⲻҪۼơˣĿ
;ͬ顣ˣѡΪ㻹ҪΪȡܼ򵥣
ľǱɣҪĳЩɻɵĳЩ
ƣĿҲڶɵıԣѡΪʾ
ⳡ۵Ļּ



  ˵ѾһҪ⡣ͨΪĻͳǴ
ɳȨйĻͳǴɳȻ
ǲҪ򡣶ҲδصڲҪɡϽָ
ΪһʮҪ𡣼Ļͳȷʵ
ϵô漴ٵһǣй˻
йֲ
  Ļ壬һĻеֻڸĻ֮ڲ壬
һĻû塣Ļǲֲġ
ձ塣ձ岢ǷϲͬĻ𡣵ձΪɸֲͬ
ĻĻǹͬġӽϰԶ (֮
)ڿġ¡ԡĻͷס֮ó˵
һ
  ʵĻԼ Ҳ˹ͬԵļٶ
ǸĳĻǵĻεĲͬͼ֮нͣ˵Ϊʲ
ôЩͬʱԵձԻձԡ仰
ǲֲ֪ͬһֲͬʱñ֮
ŸĹͬԡ֮κһۣŶĳһԲ
ĶĬϣܳΪۡ
  


  ̸˹ͬԡһֱΪйĻĻԳвͬ
Ŀ
ѧߵĹ۵㣬ĻǿԶйĻǿơԶļ
Ȩİ취ֻͨĳƶȵĽȥƺͷֹȨ
жһķģƵļٶϣͨڵµʥ
һ˸ȥȨǰߵʼѲר
ͳε
  ע⣺˵ָԹۻָۣԱй˵ۻ
ͬ˵ۣⲢ˵й˵Բͬ˵ԡڣ
йԸۣΪǷ۸ȷҲǸ
ϰйڵĹͬԡɼĻǿתֲġ
ĴڰۺԱΪһ̸˵˼
йۡйĴͳĻìܣ㲻ɴ˶˵й
ìܣ㲻ɴ˶˵岻ʺйˡ

ġ

  ǲйͳĻе˼Լӷ
  ȣйͳĻСŶۡƩ˵ҾԶġ
еҲԶ񡣿ơѧߵĿǧ
йĻֻܿΪ˼Ӱ죬巨ϡ
ˣй˵ۼ򵥵عΪƣɴƶϳ
йٳٵĻԭӦ˵ǲ׵ġ
  ΣǿϴۣҲûìܡΪ˵
ƣ޷˵ȻؾͬĺСҲж
أαػᳫԱֹһԣҵĹ
˼ˡµĹ۵㲢ûʲô𡣻˹
ȻԶġǺйķһǲûɴ˶Ƴ
ר塣
  ҳʥҵʥ˼Ͱͼ˼ʮ
ӦʥվȨŵȻŲͬ߼ϲһ
ìܡ仰һʥͬʱȻ޳Ρ
Ͼڴʥָܵʵ޳ʥܻǲģܵһ
İ취ܰʵУܵƳһƶȻıϲС
ͼѧʿ¾Ϊ״̬ۣţƴ֮
ٴ֮Ȼһë͵ߵ˹ƻɱƣ
ɹͷƣƻơǰӣмߴ֮߶ӳ̶
ȻҲһְ취ԵӢȷôðܴķղ
þƣùơȻ̫ã̫ܲ𼪶˵
Ʋãƶȸãͬһ˼

塢רì

  ΪŵķʽȨʶ˴ƶϼԷ
Ŀǡʵʡ֪йŴʵйƶȣּڶ
Ȩ߼ԷֵߡرߡƶȵȵȡؼڣйŴ
ЩƶȣΨ ʵ۵ȨڣֻǸǿ˼Ȩר
ѡ⵱ȻǼȱݣȱȴҵ۲ޱȻϵȱ
ݷǵѧ˵߼ʵϣѧ˵֮γԵì
˵жأʶҪƶȼӷΪʲôΨʵһ⣿
˵˽ԿԳ˴ҢֻҪǿɣΪʲôҪȺȨ
ƺ⣿ȻҰ˷Ϊʥʥ֣Ҵƻʵ۱ض
ʥˣȺضʥˡɴ˿ɼȱݣ˵ۺʥ
߼˵ǵĲ߼Ľ;ϵĽ׼ȷЩ

Ϊʲôܾרƶ

  ʷϿҶʵȻϲֱӷ񶨾רƱ
͸һָоƺרƶٲʧΪһܹʵ
ƶȡʵȻֵһᡣ
  һڵһ׫дʷ飬漰԰ټƵĵ
ܹΪʥ޼
  ڶͨĻ(˼ռ൱λ)Ϸ硢С˵䴫
˵еĵ󲿷֪ӹбܵġ
  ˵ڹŴйʿƽգһ㶼Ϊʥ
ˡ߷˵ǲΪʱƶܹṩ϶Ļʥ˵
ۻʹʵ۳ʥˡΪƶ绤ʱʹҵԸ
ʵϣҵרƵʵ֮䣬ʼմ˶๲֪
൱صĳͻ
  һֵע⡣֪һʢ˵Ң
׳ƾٵġ˴áζǣʢȴ
ѡƵģõҲࡣΪʲôأĪҶѡߵ
¡һӦȻΪʵȻ⡣ŷ߱ǵ
Ӷ㾡ʥ𣿼ˣΪʲôܻλϮһ涨أϾ
Ѫͳۡ󡰴Ӳ͡˵Ѿʾˡӡδǡ͡
ձʾԸѻλøǲܣȥǸȱ¹ǵ
ȻҵʥŲϣҶԴͨ𱸣
ڣ
  ʵ֮ԽܾרƶȣΪΪƶ
ʵʥ룬ΪΪƶܹṩһֱȽЧ
šһǿٳ֡Щ˼룬ʥ룬Ͽɾ
רƵݡ֧һͳ£ٳֵǶһȶ
ǿ׷ҿʤǳɱɱ
ȥһ˾¡֮ԲȡΪ˶֮š
λϮΪȶӰࡣһ㶼ϼȳȨӲ
췴ȻһֲתȥͬȨΪڴʱΨ
Ȩṩ򡣡ܿܡһﲢǽһȮʽķ

  ɴ˿Ҷε̬ȻǺʵġǣʵ̬ȳ
ҪһʵװרƵӢѧһ˹Ϊʲôܼ
Ϊ˹վ׵Եĺ;ȥΪר绤
רȨΪ˹ԼĴڣҪǱһ׾Ȩڵ񻰡
ҵʥһְװãŻǵıз
ǿʹᣬΪ֮ԽܾȨΪž
ʥԼھĸ˵вʵϣȻֻһ
ֻ
  峯ĩ꣬һ˼ѬյĶˣʵؽӴʱ
ٿ˵۹۵ͻʥ룬ʵ
ͬ˼ϰʱһؾɵҷ
ҪǣȨȨȨ´ңƾȨȻ
طݣȵȡҲ漰۵ļٶʥ롣ɴ˿ɼ
޳ɻǷ롰˽ԿΪҢ˴͡ʥȹû
ʲôȻϵ

ߡйͳδ֮ܿԭļ㿼

  ֪йͳ֮δܿν۲û
жٹôӦνĹŴйʼûв
һʵأһܴ⣬ƪвܸĴ𰸣
ҺԸô֮ҵļ㿼ǡ
  һйͳ֮δܿں̶ܴϣΪйȱ
Ĵͳ仰Ϸͼƶȵȱݹ
˼ȱʱѾٶƶ˼ĲǣڹŴ
ڹƶȵϣ˵˼ƶȵĲڵۻ
ǶԼȳƶȵľ˼ӶƣΪǴûо
ƶȡϣǰ;оƺƵȶʽϣ
˲жƵ(ϣǹϣ˼Ĳ)ͬ
ǴӾֻܽıȽϣϣ
ԱȲͬƶ֮ӡФȨڡй˼ʷһָ
˼γɣʵʷ֮͡ŴȾ֮壬й޾
֮ʵ߽ϣŲۡʱ֮α
⡱ʶԳƵۡ
  ڶйŴû񶨾רƣһƶȵĴ
˼롣Щ˼붼δγǿ˼ӶʵĻᡣеҲ
ӣǹڹƶȵۣ漰Ļṹ
Ҫ֮ĪǾ;Ȼıԡ
һ״Ӵ۵ĽǶȿͷͷǵȫȱ֤ݵµƶȹ룬
ֹͨѻǵձ˺еõַչʵ
ĻᡣԭƶȴеʱһȻðĴ
ȥԸƶȵĸĸԭƶΣȳ߽ʱһ
ĵؽǣȥֱ֤֮Чϰ취ڼп
ȶǶԱмǣµ
ƶȹ붼ʵʵĻᡣ
  ǰһ⣺Ϊʲôܾרƶȡϸ
˵仰дġΪʾҡѡ˾רƣѡζ
ֻϵѡȻڣҵľֻ
žרΨһʵйŴ֪ʶӣγ֪ʵ
εֱײγʵξʥȥԶǱѡ
֮޳һ߸ϵרƾΪžʥˣ
ǳڽҪ֮ûȨʵзƺ
İ취Ϊ϶ʵ۶ˣòŶǵȨƣ
Ϊھ飬ʵ벻һİţһܶȨ
ԱҪԷֹΪ(Դ󳼵Ȩһ)һ
ͬʱֲҺʧ֮޳ɻλϮҲΪ
ʵ۵ضӢˡΪΪܱ֤Ȩƽ
ȽӡϿһ֮ҷ֣ܶȨʩӵӰֻʣ
һַʽǾһֵʵ۾ܵĿһЩ˶

  ǰ̸йͳδܲļ㿼ǡҵȻ˵
ûӰ죬йԼ;ԲԷزֿԵȻ
еġǽһӡۻݱ̡ᡢ
úĻȶ෽ı仯໥áЩ仯СڶȻԣҲ
˵Щ仯ǵ߱Ծ˼ͼֱӲ֮ȴ
ĳĿ͹ЧӦӶ̼˼ķȻ˼
һĿĵĸĸ
  ΪһʷʵйδݻԾ̬֮ǰ㷢
֮йľ޴Ӱڣйṩ
һҪǣΪṩһ׾顣ʹй˷һ
ɹȽϡѡƶȣƶȲڼֵǿȡģʵҲǿ
ġͼΪ̵ظıй˵˼룬ɴһ޴ĸ˶


ˡڡĻͳ

  һٶǽʮй˼޴ı仯ֱ仯
γһµĴͳй½ԣĻǸϴͳ
Ļ´ͳҲΪҪ
  ƺеΪʵϾǴͳũ췴˶
ͳʵϾν⽨רƣë󶫡СƽʵϾǷ⽨ϸ˵
ȷӦִȨƶһµƶȣںܶ෽
زͬڴͳרƶȡа
  һһϵͳĹٷʶ̬ʹÿ˶ʾ(ǰ˵ͺ
Ķͬ)ֻΨһߡ
  һй㷺(ȻһԸ)ΨһУо
Ŀ
  ģĳϵȺοֲ
  ġ˼ۼڴýĸ߶¢ϡ
  塢Ծ¢ϡ
  ϵĸ߶ȹлԼ쵼ļƻá
  йͳεȻĳνйɫܵ˵ǰԼŷ
 ͳŸԡ֪ĻͶ
Ҳ֤Ļֲǲܡ˵ƶйʧܣ˵
ֲ⣬˵ǱֲĻ⡣

šڱϵĹͬ

  ڱ϶ɡƽȡΪռ
ĿꡣǲйܷΪ֤
  ֪йһƶ˵һֽܷδ޸(
һꡢһ߰һŰ˶)ǰ岿ܷУͰ˶
ΪǱȽϺõġܷаһЩشϺ
弸û
  磬ܷȷ϶ˡһȨ񡱡ʹȨĻȫ
͵طᡱǡѡٲ
ලл񹲺͹˶л񹲺͹񡱡
ڷǰһƽȡʮĹ񣬲塢塢Աְ
ҵͥڽ̶ȡƲ״סޡѡȨͱѡ
Ȩɴ˿ȻǡǡΪ
ѡȨ棬ñһס
  ܷ˾ĲȨ޶˹涨(ȫ˴
ίίԱü˾ְ)ܹƼû
ἰ˾ʱܷרǿĶԡ(ܷ涨Ա
ƶ)˶ܷĹ涨κ֯߸˶гԽܷͷɵȨ
ֵһĻһ㣬հ˶ܷǹϯԺ
ϯίԱȫ˴ίḱίԱ߷ԺԺ߼쳤
ְó족˵ƣôйļܷ
ûй涨κְλڶڵϣйűκҶ
ߵøԶ
  ڹĸȨܷоšҲǳڶԡĸдֱ
еķУ˶ܷרŹ涨ֹκηԹ衢̰
ݡеġ衱һҲûеġ⣬
ܷȨȣлһܷȣйİ˶ܷ
νȨ;Ȩġ

ʮܷΪΪһֽ

  㣺ȨȨƺͶԹȨıȷйܷ
Ǵûʵйԭ򣬲ܷܷ֮⡣
  ˶ܷд֪֡ǵСƽ߾
ˣܳǰܷǰܷҲдƵĴʾ䡣
ҲܷƽֻͣĿᵽ˹쵼
·էһȥǺţЩòƽ͵Դʾ䣬ͷ
׵شݿܷ
  ʵܷʧȫܷһĴʾ䣬»
׼ȷġΪЩʾ䱾߼ҡ磬ʲôС
塱ʲôС塱Ƕ塢вͬ
ô죿⣬ȻѾ壬ô߼
̺ϵľӲУһԶ׼߼Уѡֵ쵼
ͬ塱塱ҲףһԼ
أ£ǵǸüֵ쵼塢
Ǹü塢쵼
  ˣܷйرȨ֮δܵõʵУ˵ܵ
ֵܷķ񶨣ɴ˵ܷûб濴
ŹȨʶ̬Ŀ½ΪֶΡζʶ̬
ͳѾʧȥԼԼۡƶܷ
档ͬʱˣһʼҲûаܷ档ǵ뷨ǣ
йҪܷ˵ȷ쵼ʲôأȻѾ
ôòԼԼҲòŵԼַԼ
ԣһĹ˼·Ƿ
ĳ˺ֹ飬ҲΪΥܻΥ
Ϊҵ᣻ǲܷеƷֻ
ļ˺޹鷢öˣǾͻỳǷ˻ˣϣ
еĺˡǼٶк˻ռ߻ˡ
£Ȼ벻ܷĹá˾ܷڵò
ĺӦ޲

ʮһ

  ܷΪΪһֽġʹܷȷȨⱾǱĵ
ҵĿ۶λαܷơȻڣĿ
ԤԽйԣҪҪҪ
塢ֻҪ塢繲塢ȨȵȡйҲ䲼
׸һִΪйҲʵ壬ƺһ鷳ֻΪܷ
ûдãĸľˡǲʱ˵йȡ
͡֮ԡΣҰȫڱȻӽ
塣ǣЩΪйⷬ޸ģɾбˣ
ٻڸɡԴлɡһ͵ǣйѰ˾˳Ϊ
ҡߣΣҰȫ֮νҲɼڡȶѹһСѧ
ڡΣҰȫ£ͬѹһвͬͶλ
ʵϣڽ죬йѾʲô塱塢
ë˼롱򡰷һˣйѾԽԽزáҡ
ΣŽᡱһָءڵ£ڹѾɨءйԼ
Ҳòʵʱʽľøĸ£νΣŽᡱܿ
ܱԭȵġԻԡ㵱Ȼ˵˾ˡƽԷ
ΣŽ᣻ֻ˵ѹ䷢չȻ´
ҡǰĺƽ˶ǡƽǡ¡֮Уȴ
ҧΣȶ⣺һֵһ֤ʵ
Ҫѹͬôͬ͹˶Ȩһַ֮
ͷ˳ͻ˳ͻȶľԱܵսǣѹһж
͸Լṩɡڶ¡ʩ˹˵ѧȷʵв
Ϊһϵй֮ϣѧҪЩй
ɻڱϾв򡣻仰Ϊһ
ΪȶѹһСͻȥѹһвͬͶλΪ˷΢
δȻѹƻʮ
  ³Ѹ˵һйʷ޷״̬һūʱһū
ȵʱǵĳ·ڽʱ뿴֮µ
ͬר֮µȶǳͻһµƽ⡣Ӧ㹻׼ȥ
ڷµֳͻ߷˵ֳͻ뷨ε֮ڡ
˵ǱͳµصҵĿ
ҪΪʲôҪλαԱԼʲôҪ
֮ʵбҪơβαơ(δ)