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ʱģһ临ӵ⣬еĽкü֡

˼ʱչĲķչԭеķ⽨
ϵӦҪʱӦ˶˼Ľʷеأ
ʶΪΨʷۡ

һʱֻʷչĽҲʶıĽ

֪ѧ߲ͬΨʷ.Ϊķչȥʱķ
Ϊ˼һϵı仯δʧ֮У˼
ķչƱҪͻ谭䷢չľɵϵʱѾмٶˣκᣬǶ
ǰѾ÷չλģȻ֪֡Ǯ̬ǡǡֻʱ
̬.ǰʱձ׬ǮΪΪȻʶȥֳ嶯
ɷչ˵ʱֻʷı仯ȥͣӾ
ı仯ȥ͡

˵ձҪһǰձ˸߳ʮ֡Ľǣ
йŮ˵ĽűһǰйŮ˵ĽŴҪĽǷϳ˲
žϰĽʱֻʷչĽҲʶıĽ
ƶǹǷ¸ʱʱ͵ʷ̨.Ҫ͵
ǣֹı仯أ

Τš½ʱ徫һָŷ½̸ĸԭǳ
ڽ̶½ֵ񣬺ŵȴдٽ˾û
Ŀչ½˾Ϊ൱壬ֻҪΪ˽֣
Ϊ˻þ꣬Ϊҫϵ֮ǣڹȥڵϱ̵ľ
Ϊͱ˷ϵʥְӴˣ׬Ǯ˸е飬ٵ飬
˵׬Ǯй٣ֻΪΪʵþȵֶΡ

ȷеĺ򣬲ϺúϿΣʦҳ.ȻСӱı
кôŴ򣬰ѧҵˣܲǺ¡Ǻʦҳ
֣˿Ե˶ԱԲμӱΪλΪ⣬
ͲƺӴתΪˡΪΪΪﵽһ
ĿֶζʹԼɹ.ǣһԭȲҵ
ڱһҵ.Τ˵ǽ˵ʱ˵˼
ġǣ½֮⣬Ƿб˼ٽʱأ

ȡ

ѧߺAlbertO.HirschmanһֽǶȣʱʶ̬
ṩһ׸ԵĽ͡ڴйѧ˶Ժ൱İﲻ
Լӽܡָʮ͡ʮ͵˼֮ԹĴʱ壬Ϊˡ
ĳº͵Ща򡱣Ƿݱҵļȥ
ɱ¾׷ҵǿȨڶ˵Ŀѹȣת׷Ǯ׷档
ĵıǡ桷The Passions and the Interests
1977ꡣ1997˼ʮ°汾.ɭ1998ŵΪ
дǰԣƺһλʱΰ֪ʶӡ

.ɭһȷ˵Ĺ۵㡣ñһ˱ȵߣԭּ
ߣ׷ɱһһǮƣ׷ɱ߼Ǯۿֻ̼Ǯƣһ
·Ǳҵļ鱻޺ȡһӡ

ĸǰһӰӡдũеġظӡáڵʴ
£ɲǿԿú޷ѹȵͼȥѹ
ˡ׼ʾ߼ǣͷн׼˼ҵ
̰ͼԽӲϿáӡĹ÷
֤Աȡڼڼ飬ܸ޺

ϵ˹姬˹ͼص˵˵Ĺ۵㡣ʵϵ˹˼
δϲΨͼʱ壬ǷʱڰбҵļתƵ
Ϊ޺׷ѱ飬ʶŴĴʱ.
˵Կƣһֻּܱһּȡ׬Ǯıһľ
ļ飬֪׬ǮǺģ˺Ϊ׬Ǯħ̳Ҳսһ
ңV˵ļ˷йͿԲȥΪսַıҵ
λħˡ֮޷ϣ̳ս˾ʿ׷
Ǯ׷ȨͳǮͳͬ

ϵ˹ΪʱγһֺƽġҲǵһЩ˼
Ϊʱ绤һɡƩܱΪ˼ʱؽս
@һ۶෴Ұġֳصĳ嶯Լս񶼲ʱƶȷչıȻ
ǵǰʱ̬ʱ岢սʱľ
ԵġϸģϲðգϲӢۡ˹ҲΪ׬ǮҪ׷
ȨƺúáͳǮҪͳͬúãȻʱǰǰߵ
ʵֺߵֶΣʱǰ߻Ϊߵ

ִһ̸ʱ壬޲ǿĸЧ棬ʱĳִΪǶ
øչԸԹһһ׷󾭼õĸչִ
ѧУ׷浱۵ǰԤ裬ⲻִֻ֪е̬
һ롰ȥ͡ҪĲݣҪʱ硱һںţִ
ʱӹ׸е䲻ⲻ֪ʶ֮ʿ֮Իӭʱ壬ǡ
ǡΪֺƽӹȡȥпĳߡʱǳһ
ʷѵͼóȡƽӹԲȴǴݻ˺ƽɣָ˲пѪ
Ķս

ȶѹһС롰չǸӲΪרƱ󿪷֮

Ȼע⣬˵չڸĽ򣬵֮䲢ޱȻ
ϵ׷Ȩ׷ǮΪ޺ǣֻҪÿһ˶
׬Ǯ޺Ϸһ׬Ǯʱ򣬻ȻҰĲ
׷ȨĸĿ꣬ô˽κʱ򶼸ʵǵҰġ֮
һᰲŵʹд˸漤ԭһͻᵼ¹
ϢظãӶΪרƱ󿪷֮š

ɭĹ۵.ɭָԽֻͬʱҲԷר
ƱһζذЧµȶΪ¡ı׼ʱɾǰ
δеΣ֮СпάֻۣԼĹԸ
ĹǹעԼĸ飬һҪ鼴ԼӦ
Լˣǽ׷ʸֻҪͳܹһʱڸ
棬Ǿͳȥκ飬ЩǶǺǻ
һζ֣ûпǻʸ֮ǰȷ
ɵƻʸΨֹڵļӰ쵽˽СС֣
һɧҾ׼ɣôǾѾΪߵ̨ͨһ
ֻҪǵάѾūѾΪԼƸū
Ҫͳǵ˲ҲͿܳˡ漸λ㲻˵ľǽй
һֻҪǵά,ڵĻǡȶѹһС:ǽ
׷ʸڵĻǡչǸӲһѡȶ
ѹһС͡չǸӲΪô,Ѿū,ǡͻ
¹ϢظãӶΪרƱ󿪷֮š

ġ

һ⣺÷չοʲôϵΪʲôԽ
ֻͬʱҲԷרƱѵǻìܵ

УʱԼһЩ˴ìܵ˵ǶȷģҲ
ôȷ.˼䡱˵ƶʹ˷ı״־̡ȴ˵ƶ
ʹ˾ɥʳ֪衱˵²Żе
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֮䶼Ǽ򵥵Թϵ.ʱǵԽߣǶβԸ
Խǿҡ÷չθĸĴ߻ʱԽлᷢ¸
ԽǶĮġ÷չȴֳθĸƷԣ˹̣Jo
nElsterǿԴоеóɡΪֻҳƣmechanism
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