̨ѡ̨ϣ

ƽ


̨ѡ㷺ҵۡЩ漰ΣһԴѡѡ
ٹǷ޴ģףǹ¼ǲǿƣνƵ
ȵȣ̶Ⱥ⣻δѡϵصĹʹϵӰ
⡣ε˴໥ǧͷһѾͼһ
Ƕ⡣ΪҪ̨״شһ˵ͣ
Ƕй⡣ֻڳĻϣǲؽԼĹ
šȻǲָ˶Ե̬ȣǣǾŬ
۵Գ̶ȣǾ޷ʹۻõЧ


һ̨ȨĹ

Ҫʶ̨壬ȾҪʶ̨ˡ90ϵ̨ˡ̨忴һ
ȨĹҡ̨˵أоӣԼĻң
ܶҲϵģɶһģкأκҪ̨嶼õǩ֤
մʵϵġҡ壬̨㱸ôһȨĹأ
ˣһ˵Ĵʵ䣬ôʵϵĶȥ̨壬һΪ̨һҡ

̨Ŀʽ̫٣ֱָϹȹ֮֯⡣
˾ͷ̨ǸļҴǵ涨һұõȫٷ֮ʮĹҳ
أǹҾͲܼϹⲻ˵ϹͲǹҡ
ʮڣйȨİҲֻжʮֱ1971꣬½ųϹ
֮⣬ѵǰл񹲺͹Ͳ

̨񣬲ַ̣϶һȨĹңһǲԶġ˼
̨⣬μסһ㡣һܶ˳£ܺˣ
ϲϲ޳ɲ޳ɣһ£

1ȱٹʳ̨Ŀ

ǰ˵̨ΪһȨĹңֽлҲЩ
˻˵ڵֽлǣڹᣬ̨ȱٹҵ̨֣ȱ
ٹ˸̨Ŀաˣ̨еҪΪԼø㷺
Ĺʳϡ

ϱ½ͳɣ̨ں˵½ǡŴͳ޳ɼͳ
½דּдǻԣ½ҲϣǻͳһֱѿعʿռΪ
ҪĿ꣬ҲǿġƩ˵̨ɡ÷Ŀá
ܶ˲̨֪вԲлȨ̨˵ʮֲ
ƽҪ̨˵һǡǡй治̵ģ
ΪǸ̨˵ġ

ǵý2·ݣĻıֽձǳ̨ҡ輯
һλֻ˵˭ͳֻϣ̨ܹϡ̨ڹ
ϱ衣̨ҪϹֻ̨񲢷ǶɣձǶɵıֽӦ
ÿֻĽкܴĴԡ̨ùҵ֣ùĳ
ǽ͵Ұģ̨Ĺͬ

Ҫǿǣ̨ԣùĳϾ˫壺̨ܸ
ϣһܸǴȫ͸شĿǰȫ
ԼϹȹֻ֯һйл񹲺͹йΨһϷ
̨йһ֡ζţ½̨䣬ᶼΪй
ԹۣͷϿ䣬Դ˹򳵳ֻܰε
̨ܵõ㷺Ĺʳϣ̨ѷε״ܵõϹĳϣ
½̨䣬ͻᱻ˴ػǱʴϳʣͻ
ԤϹͿֹͨ˵ֻҪ̨òʳϣʹ
вӰ֮£ֻӮùʳϣ̨İȫܵõϡ

2ӲͬĽǶ˼

ߺǿ̨ڣȫΨһսйȨϷԶޡ
֮ݵǳȾڵĿǰơȻҪ
һνǧƣǰط̨

˵öԡöͭҵһǣ̨ڣȫΨһܱӵк
йȨַռֱΪǡй̨廹һ
ƣǾڹУ̨壨лΨһһҵ
ңϱų⣬żϯ׼ҵš

ڣЩƺߺᵽͬһöͭҵ棬㲻ֻҪƶ
Ҫƣ㲻Ҫƣֻ÷ơԣ̨֣
ɲҪǵƣΪܰǵǫ̛˶
ϵĹĹϵҲҲҵԹҵ
ᣬҲԹҵᡣԸ̨
ôҪأ˵Ϊõй˵ΪԱΪ

ߺ۵ǣлλ˼ͼվ̨˵ĽǶȥ
˼ʹ˼ƬԡҲ˵˼ֻ̨վ̨˵
˵ӦӲͬĽǶ˼簢ԣ˼ǴԵġһµǰ
ҴӲͬԿǣʹЩڳǵĹ۵ҵУɴγҵĹ
㣻Ҳ˵ҴǡִĹ̲äĿزЩڳʵ
ֹֻ۵㣬Ǵһֲͬӽǹ۲磻ⲻ⣬Ҫʹ
Ϊ˻ȥܣҲͷ뵽һߣԼ
ݴʵϲڵλȥȥ˼˼һʱԽ
гֳ˵Ĺ۵㣬ԽΪ룬ôҵĴ˼
ԽǿյĽۣҵļԽʵɿ

ߺ̨Ƶļȷģ̨˻ļֵ
ѡҲĵνߵ͡һ»Ҫۼ˴Ұ²



̨Ϊʲôټ֡һйԭ

۲̨Σܶ½벻ͨһǣ̨Ϊʲôټһйԭ
˵ˣھҲ˵ټһԭΪʲôأ

ǰ˵Ŀǰ̨Ŀվȱ˸ųϹȹ֮֯
ʽĹ޼Ȼʱ̨ù㷺Ĺʳϣҳ
ռϹ᳣¹ϯλǰ̨꣬⽻½дһ¼΢
ɻ졷2002̨꣬Ļ鷻н˳ϹԼϽ
¼Ļֵ

1ʯҲܡ˫سϡ

1949꣬йô½л񹲺͹δϽϹл̨
ԱϹϯλ᳣¹λɴˣΪϹϯλչһ
ճ־õĹս˫϶ֻһйֻԼйΨһϷ
˫ڳҡļʽʹϹ൱Ϊѡ

Ϊ׵ұ̨֧壬йȨģʱƣ
ԽԽΪռ½йȨųϹ֮⣬ֻռ̨ĹȨ
ȫйǲʵģǲǡģͬʱֶΪйš
̨塣вл񹲺͹ϹҳΪ᳣£
ͬʱлĻԱʸ񣻻̨йͶƱ̨嵽Ǻл
񹲺͹ϲǶǽϹйܡ̨ʹ½һԸ
ְţô黹ʵеĿܣڵʱ˫̨
½ְţҵЩͶ

½д1966꣬е֧йĹԽԽ࣬ǿʼųй
̽ȹرίԱойϹ⡣Ȼʱ½ĸ
ͻ𣬡½ҳһţ˸̨ϱκεԡ̨巽桰ʱҲ
ΪйȨп̨ܿԶԱѰԣ̨뱱˫֣г
мɵĻ󡱡һͼΪϹԱŬ

ȵ1971꣬Ƶݱڱһĵ26ϣ
ǵȹٴָйϹĴȨΰ᳣Լ̨塣ʱ
ϹѾù㷺֧֣ȻҲ͸ķչйҽϹйأ
Ѿ赲йϹ̨嵱ִ̣ԣԡ˫شȨ
ΪĿ꣬ϣһйϹȡð᳣ϯΣһ汣ȫҹ
ָлߣϹĻἮ󡣡½͸¶˫
ֱ̣һ̣ͳǿͬ⡱

½дع1971Ƕξ£ҹʱѾ׼½
İš˵1971꣬ʯѾ׼ܡйˡȻǱ
ģԸġ

½͸¶һĻϢʮҪǰΪʯʼռһйԭ
ЭԴֽ͡һΪʯһйԭʵΪά
̨רͳΡΪʯлȫйΨһϷ֮˵
йôų̂ԱҡͣܡͲ
̨忪عΪά̨רͳԼԼĶõλ
ԽʯʼռһйԭһΪʯһйԭΪ
иٹ̵Ĵһͳ˼룬ǿҵķʹС½͸¶ʵ
Լϵֽ͡㻹˵ʯ֮ԼһйԭҲΪ͹
йȨȶԡʯΪйȻܳą̃һж
Ϊгһշ½ų̂ƫһĳڴ㡣ⲻ֪йȨȻʮֲ
һ㲻Ͻϣǲ٣йȨȶԶԶϽԤ
ƶעʷƶȣ֮£ԹȨԣԽб߷Խ
׸½첻ڣ̨Ĵڷʯ
ּһйԭᵼ̨ڹҷҹҲֻ÷
һԭ򡣼Ȼʯòһйԭ򣬺οʮǻԣοʮ
İΡ

2ӡ

ٻص½½ļ197126ϣý
ʯͬʱ飬ҪѰǵȹ᰸ֳαȱǷɱ
ȻٱǷ̨塣ƣΪ޳ɽɱĹҲһ޳̨壬
пܱס̨ϯλһʱ鱻̨֪ܾѶ
أԳʽҪԣ˳Ϲ뿪᰸
һͨӴˣռ̨ԭռݵλą̃屻뿪Ϲһ
УĲδɹ̨巽޴ӱʾǶ˫شȨ׽ܲܣҲ
޴ӵ֪ʯѾͬһй½͸¶ǻ
ΪϽʼռֺûءʵһ룬鱾ģ
ûϽͬ⣬αɷѿĵظʲôʱ飬ҪѰ᰸ֳأ

½˵˫شȨͨй϶ܾ롣ϸ
һ꣬Ͽߵ£ҹȻᱻϳϹҡǣ
ǵȵ1971꣬1966һЩ̨ͽ˫شȨй
Ϲ̨ǲܱסԼϹϯλأ⣬½ûȷش
Ƕ߿Ըо½̨嵱1966û֧֡Ƿȹ
̨˫ΪϹԱǲΪȻģѡ̨뱱˫֡
ȹ֮ΪгмɵĻ󡱣ƺǰʾ
̨嵱һЩһЩʱһй̨Ͳ
ôĵز

½ǣ1977ǰϦţ˽̽޿
ȡ¹ģʽҲǼȳл񹲺͹ֳлʾ޿ܡ
ͳĶʰ¿ɭ˵ͳѾ̬֧ϺϺɭǩ
ģᵽ֪Ϊֻһй޷ġ¿ɭ񻹵٩˵
ԤƶȻУ⽻߾̫ˡ˼˵̨
ͬйð죬ǰһֱϡڲҪͷҪ
йǾΪʱ첻ˡ

̨Ͻ̨һʱ䣬̨İ׷Ч£̨壬תϴ½̨
⽻ӵĶϽ֪ͨ˼Ϊ̨˹ʱ
̨ʵйԭԻȡʳѲɵãֻӲͷƤһй
ԭ򣬵Ͼǳ֮ơ˵˽ʱڣͿʼʵ⽻
ͼطᡣ

3ȡҲ

꽯ʵ⽻ҪǷչްķǹٷϵĻʵԽͬʱ
ҲĬԡй̨塱й̨μĳЩʻڹвټ
лĹ죬ȵȡ19881£ȥǻԽͳܿأ̨
ȡ˫سϣͻ⽻ֵšʱǻԸΣʵȨв
ԣתƲӦǻԵĸ־Ӧɹϲ뵽
꽯ʯҲϹ˫شȨǾͱ˵ȡ˫سϵ
νԣΪ档

1988113ȥģͷǡһ1988324յ̨塶йʱ
Ӱӡҳиñ߶ҵĲɷãһƪۺһƪרۣĿֱǡ˫
سϡ⽻ֵͻơ͡롮ھ𣿡Ϻ
⽻˫سϵĿԡйʱʱϰңйгί
ԺпίԱκ޵Ľơҹδų˫سϡ
Ϻͳһ롮ϡֿͻƳĹؼ˵йȨڴ
½ʹЧϽȨѴʮ꣬൱ڼڣ޷⸴½йҲͳһ
Ϊ͹۵ʵƶߣȻܲԭ룬Ҳܲ˼ʵ
²ȡԵ˫س߲δʵͳһĳԶĿꡣ

ίسϣǰ̨廹ԼϹһϵй֯
ռϯλʱ򣬵־׼˫سϵߣЧһáҲѵʶ
ϣᰴնģʽϱģʽԴϵѵģΪ̨ʹ½
С⣬ڹеҪҲ̨̫嵥һйԭ򣬲
ֺ˼Ҵ½ȴϷһйԭ򣬴½Ҫִ½׺
Ƶֻ̨½һͷỹǻȡ½̨壬
̨廹ǰѲ˱ľءҲ˵̨嵥طһйԭδؾ
ͻǣ̨ôźأٻصȥǲǸ
ûг·

Ӧ˵԰ʮ̨Ĺ񵳾ѾʵϷһйԭ̨Ѿ
ԡй̨˰˻ᡢ˻ᡢ޿ó֯ȹ
̨֯˵ȻлĹģⲢ˵ǾͲ
һң̨岻˵ֻлȫйΨһϷˣΪЩ
֯УΨһһйϯλ½л񹲺͹ռݣ̨Ѿ
ܻĬһʵ̨ڳϡһйл񹲺͹
ȷʵڷһйл

4ڡһйԱ

ͬνŶʶһйԱ̨ҲǲģΪ̨巽ġ
һиֻǹ˵ԻᲢˣңֻҪ̨岻Ծڹ
ᣬμӹ֯͹ʻͱܻĬл񹲺͹
лռйϯλһʵͲòʵϷԼġһиҲڵ
̨巽ûŪйһиʲô˼̨ΪǾǱ˴˲ֱӳ϶
ҲڵڹдѹԷ϶Էе
˫̥˴˶˵ԼģԷǼٵġҪ쵥λŪ˭˭
ٻǲоףɴ߶룬˫ԳϯҲĬ϶Էŵ
ĳϯû˭ȥ쵥λʩѹҪǰѶԷ߲ɣҾͲ
˭֪йһийһгϲų⡢ѹ̨壬޲øϾɱ
̨޷ܡ

ʷݱˣ񵳼֡Ϊǡⲻ
תˡֻøıߣȡҲȻ
ʱȴסȫɱ̨壬ʹ̨롰Ҳ
ɵą̃뼫

˵̨һԭȡ˫سϣδȡɹҲһ
٣̨ԲμһЩ֯͹ʻȻݲϲΣܱԾڹ
ڱ᳹ҪáЩ̨ÿ궼ҪĶѺ˰
ϹطϹȻսŰܣôҲų̀ע
̨ڡڵĴ̨˶ãȡҲж
ѣֻȥϵȡٻصԭġΪһ
ͬǰ߶ܻһЩϣ

5סԾ͹ͶƱ

½ڻ¼ﻹһ¡1971ĵ26ϣɳڵذפϹ
ʹһййĲݰйϹΪ᳣
̨һǧ߰лӦϹڣ̨Ͷ
½ɰ֮УϹල¾йͶƱԳǽ
йȨѷ˵᰸⵽˷

ע⣺̸˹Ͷ̸̨סԾԭ̨幫ͶסԾ
˻Ǹˡ

ʵùͶƱ̨λţ֮19599£
פϹʹʷڵ̸ϱʾֹййϹ
̨˵̨ĵλϹļ£סͶƱܾ
ӢҲӦййͬʱ̨Ϲб֮
ʯʱϹͳ̨壬ʵΣȵʯסͶƱ
Ϲбϣйϲ19663£Ժ⽻ί
Աйй֤ᣬйרңйй̨
״ԲߡЩרҵĴӦüƽһ̨һСߣ
Ծԭ̨

ôЩԱѧΪʲǫ̂סԾأȻǲǼ򵥵Ԯ
Ȩԭԭ˵̨ӦסԾǾ͸һе
񶼿ɹͶԾֻ̨һˡʵЩԱѧߵĿǺܼ
޷ǲԸ̨屻йšѡϣɹᣨͨ
ϹһְţΪ̨ṩΪ᲻Խ޴ң̨
ùͶƱķʽԼԸ½Ժƽķʽʵĳʽͳ
һǳΪһĹҡ⵽½̨ĹͬԶ̥
С̨סԾͶѲɵã˵ȵĹ
̨屾Ͷġ

һǣȥףԺͨ340ž鰸̨֧ڲв
֮¾йͶ鰸ǿֻ̨񣬶л񹲺͹о̨ǰ
;רȨ鰸ı壬Ժ


һƣƲ

񣬷ͷ߶֪һвͨˡǺԼԵСƽʵ
ô쿪ʲôһƣƽͳһأ

֪ëʱ̨ߺܼ򵥣ǾͳһëʱĿںǡһ
Ҫ̨塱1958ëںţδȡԤڵĳɹͳòãǡ
̨塱ĿںŲûзëʱÿʮһУٷⶨĿںŵϣ
һںԶǡһҪ̨塱ܴҶ֪һʱŲˡëں
ɭ̸ʱͳһһƵ֮ëɭ˵̨⡰һ
ȥȻı䡰̨塱ںţΪë֪ͳһ̨
ֻܿƽͳһⲻǿװ̨ԼúúõģƾʲôҪ
ͳһȥأ˼һͳһأë󶫴ӲƽͳһİΡ

ôһë󶫶϶£ΪʲôʵĵСƽȴΪ
õأ˵СƽԵһƣӶʹƽͳһΪܡһ
ƣ̨屣ԼƶȣԱԼľӣŻѽǣһ
ƿŻݣϾһнķ̨˵úãһƾǰ
Ǳеıйǵġ˼̨ͳйᣬ˼˼ҵ
ƾʲôҪԶ񣬳㱱ܡ룬ҵطĸأοյ̨
ǸᣬƾʲôҪԼרƵĽ䣬ҸרƵ̫ϻأ

1һ壬Ҳһ

ʵϣСƽһơһ壬Ҳһ塣רԵʱ
ԴȨͳεĹѸߵĽġ

1981ʮһǰϦʱȫ˴ίԱҶӢƽͳһľߣ
ȷʵͳһ̨Ϊرи߶ȵȨɱӡ
Ԥ̨ط񡣡̨ᡢƶȲ䣬ʽ䣬ͬ
ľáĻϵ䡣˽˲ƲݡءҵȨϷ̳ȨͶʲ
ַ19821£СƽڽӼʱһΰΪһơ
Сƽ˵ҶӢίԱģʵϾǡһңƶ
ͬ9£СƽڻӢʱ̸ջ⣬״ι
һơһΪйΪջ۶һƣȻ˵һҲ
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ôйΪʲôҪԹ񵳣Խһƣƽͳһأƾʲô
ţǸǶ˺üʮ꣬˴˼Ѫ϶־ȻԶԸһ
λ򱱾׳ƳأΪǷ̨Ȩһضε
ΣǷһսʤĻᡣ

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أд½в̨İȫԽԽ⣻бսǿԽԽ
ѹͷߡͬʱ½йȨȴ߳ʮƽСƽ
ĸ￪ţڹӮù㷺أʱų̂أûзġ
һ棬ô½Կһ棬½̨ʩѹ
£СƽһơǶԽ͹񵳺л޷
άȥˣǵһưɣǱ֤ǿִ̨
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λǾܾһƣôҪ˶ãͻȡ֮
ͷǼȱסлλֱסԼȨ

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ͳһл񹲺͹ҪôֻĹšչķǺһ
񵳽ʷˡ֮ʧȥִ̨֮ʵȡǰһ·
һΪһʡ⣬һв䡣

2̨һͶһ

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ĻСƽһЦ𡱣һƣκͬ
棬ʵݡȻûнܵСƽʢ룬ܾһƣͬ
ʱƶθĸӶʹ̨Ĳ·һ̨ʵ
һƾʧȥ㣺ͳ߿Ϊ˱ԼȨԸһ
λǣԸԼͷһרƵ̫ϻʡ

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Ҫ˵̨ʹ̨ΪһֿܣǶԵġ˵ȻǼȷһƣ
̨ģ᲻̨һͶһƣ̨
Ϊһֿܡ˵ĿʱǾζţԽԣð̨֮գ
ҲҪͳһйһֵȵѡ񣬲֪ЩСʿǷ⣿

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ġ˭ά״˭ϳ״

˶Ϊϵά״Ϊáô˭ά״أ

ǻԣˮ⣬һۣһһһһȫ
Ͷǲ״뵥ı״

ֻһ

ܼ򵥣ά״Գ״Ϊǰᡣ˴Ҫϣľģҵľ
ģ㲻ַңҲַ㡣״ǳѷΣԭһ
ڷѳʵ壬һл񹲺͹һлһ
һһ֪лͳл񹲺͹ͷ
˷½л񹲺͹ʼûглʼûзͳһ
̨塣֮ڵ̨һ߳״һʼûг״
ϵȶĹؼڡ

л񹲺͹ǵܾлһܾлԼĳ
ϣ׼лԼл񹲺͹ֳϣһ
ۻһһͽѸ̨

йʼΪ̨ǡһʡռɽΪװݣΪȨո̨塣
ոķʽǺƽа֡йʹйʱ˵
㲻ҾͲ䣿й̨սû˵̨Ͳսй
̨ͳһ½ͽʹʲôСڡñй
ʲôʱϾͿԸϡй̨ѾܾͳһʮˣѾ
ĵˣҪȥǿ벻̣

й״ַ̨ѣͳһ״ǲܳϵġȻйʼ
ûгϹ״ʱؿԴ״ΪѣΣһ˳
Ȼֱ׳֪˵ֱ죬йûж̨䣬Ǿ
ΪûжɣйֳɵģʱãֻΪ
ĿǻǣΪжĳɹգ

йԪһΪ̨ĸɡ˵δġһйȻǾ
ϣʵֺƽͳһͬй˵ڵйǡȨ
ָȨġйע⣺ֻ˵ڵйʲô
ȴû˵ڵйʲǫܾ̂״ʲô

ⲻǺ˵޳ά״ʼվܾ˵״ʲô֪Ҫά
ʲô״йɲ˵ĻӥɾֱԲˡǰйtܿ
£ȷ˵ϵ״ǡս״̬װһڡ˵
ԣά״άս״̬ս״̬˵һƵĺƽ޷
˵ѣοѾƲȻ֡״һϣάֵ״һ
¡һ˵ά״˼άƽй״Ϊս״̬ǡǡ
Ǻƽս״˲ͬɼ״;ڵĲȶԡ

Ӧÿ״Ƕ̬ģǾ̬ġ̨ڲϵȡʳϣ½ڲϵ
ս˫˴˴̼໥ǿ鷳ڣ̨ͣĲ½ҲҪ
׼̣Ϊ֪ͳһֻܿ½ս̨ҲҪ
ȡ˸ӿ춯ʧ״ά֣
״άȥȻ״ͻƺ;䡣

δ
