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صļڱ˵һʮɷͳֺͳֶٳϯ
ƺĿŵ׵ĺ̲ɣı¶ѷ˷츲صı
Ƚϣٸп

ŵ׵½춨ŷѪʮǰ˾ŵ׵½ϣɴ
ɥӣŷǷսнųŷѪ˴Ӵ˵춨ɡ
ŷһԵʷ¼壬Ӧ˵ιƶ
ֵġȻʷŵ׵½ȴһֱʮԵģٷһ
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1954꣬ովԽϵ߸ս۵ĲҰܣ½ֻǿջЦ196419
74꣬ս֮Уͬȫսԣŵ׵½ʮʮ
ͳδϯʽʼһʷ¼Ǵ1984ſʼġʱ
ϵͽ⣬նӪԡʱķͳʶʱ֣׽ʷ
ʮʱΪͳṩֹȨĵ̨ʮף
ʵΪʮʮ춨˻ʱķȻʣ
ͳȴѻ˿ֶ٣仯ȻնӪʧҲˣʮ
ĻŷԹʤǵõʱдգ׺ɣ
־Ĳ·˹ҲճΪʤߣһε
ҲӦͬ¹˹һĹͬ䡣

ŷ޲˷۱ʮ䣬˹ͳվ͵¹ʩ޵¶һ
βμӣʾŷ޴½µͳһ粻ע⵽ģ
ͳվ˴εòû̫ܵӡԭ򣬲ͬϣյĹ׺˹
ֶñŰʵʵйϵҲͬվȨ·ϵĳٻǶԳ
ǿӲйϵϣʮʮֵܹ˹ɴ
һ棬¹ϣյʷظ

˴עǷϵͷ¹ϵڴ̸ͬĿǰϵ
ܵķϵͳϣڼϱʾԶм˹ѷ
ɴ¹½ųԶΪ˷ɣԶ
Ϊͳʲ򷢱˾ŵֳӢ
񡣲ʲ˵һսʿΪѶԼûбΰİԸΪ
ǵѣΪٴ˵

ⷨԵĽ֮ͨ˴ʷ䣬ƺѾ
ս˫ķһʹʷϱϾŶεЯ֣ɴռ
½ųûŷսľҲͬԮܲɷ֡

Ȼûʵεķ硣ϣͳĽ˵ǽʲģ
˵ǽġҰڶԴŻĹʶӷ
Ԫ鿴ʮټ˾ƵĶ񻯣ԽԽòʲ
˵ľһش󡣵սʼ֮ʱһЩ֪ʶԶս
ʱ˾սϣɴΪΪս绤˴ŵ׵½ʮȴ
ûԴ֤˵ĺϷԡԭܼ򵥣ŷ޲ˣķҲ
ϣգսĽҲû֤սĺϷԡϣڰͬʲеĹͬ
дȷָʷ¼ȵġʲ֮ǰ˰辺Ĳ
ãɷвʲԼҲ⽫ŵ׵½ӢᲢۡ

ҲǿʼӴ˴λͳ͵Ҳɿ˫Դ˴Ĳͬ
ʲ͸ϣ˵Ƕμŵ׵½һλĻ¼ϣ͸ʲ
Ƿʮ˼пά1895Ĳһ顣

ʲϣ˲ҪԷϣƺҪǿ֮乲ͬ
Ⱦǹͬļֵ뿪һԽС˵˴
ŵ׵½ܷ˫гƹϵȻֻܾ塣ϵ
ŷϵƿ»Ҫʱա˶ϣʲѡ˿
ʤԱиƹϵŷϵϣ۾ݣһ
۵ġΪҺ;ǿŷ޵ĵȻ˹Ҳŷ޵ıɡ
൱ʱˣ˫ιָ̻ȫ򻯵ƽ
ֲķģ򣿽һʲôŷʮֲ
ͬҲǿʼһЩŷܷάֹͬļֵ׼

һ˵˴ηŵ׵طǱ¶ûжԽṩٴ
˴ŵ׵½ʮ䲻Ƿط꣬ҲǷµĺͽ⣬º
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ŵ׵½֮󣬼ŷý嶼Ϊ¹ʩ޵״γϯʽ
ΪעĿĴ¡ͽ۲˴䣬Ƿͳϣ˻ͳʲֳ
ĺͽ̬н֮СͽǻΣıҪһʲ˵
ʵѰҷ֧֣ϣȻ뼺ĺͽ⡣ѡ
ʲѰҾѡʱԱѡսѹ⽻òܴ
ĳֺͽ⣬⡣

Ϊδṩ֮£˴ε¹ʩ޵³ϯķºͽһ
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һʷʵؽõӰһʵһʱսᣬҲΪδṩ
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ȥˣǻǣǸŷ޺˵ʱ̡
ʮǰĽ죬ѪսĿʼŷϼ֧
һΰ󹤳̵ĺƽɵǴӴġĹٴμ֤Ϊʵ
ͽĳŬЧɹ

һʷսܹĹҵ䣬ʩ޵µĽν
˵Ȼս˲ͬļ䣬ӵйͬǶƽ
¹δֹǳսΪʷ޿ж֪˭
սǳԼʷΣǻسеһʷΡ

ŷ޲ʶ̬ݹʷıǨ˹֮䷴Ŀɳ
ĶʵΪͨ򣻵֮仢һһΪĿսҲΪսʤ
̲ѹեսܹżʡΪֹзһҵܹվζԼ
巸ͻĵص㣬еʷΣսзһ½ܹս
֮ЭɡķʽѰͳһӸϵƽ

ʩ޵³ϯŵ׵½Ϊ־ķµĺͽⲻͬʷϵκĺͽ⡣
һͽⲻǴսƽĿǣΪ׷棬ڵѹһͽ
һԸҲǽӢ˵ԸһͽԷ˫ȫ
Ϲʶڵ־ɴʷ̷ʡܻ˫սĹͬ
ġ

ŵ׵½ʮŷʷºͽûͣһõԸͿնĿ
šŷޣʱֳƽִϢ࣬
Ҳֳսǿ硣Ȼŷ޵ĽͻҲʹŷ½ڰ
սŷޱҲЩΪļƷˣŷ޲ᣬɫɫ
ʶ̬ŷżֵŶԻʵʵڵƶȽ죬ֻͨɼ
ֵĹʶֶƶŷϲӸϱս

ΰѪȹȥӰ

죬ʩ޵ĵ¹Ѳյĵ־ͨʡ߳Լʷĵ
ǼͬɡȨֵ֮»ŵĵ¹յĵ¹
Ϊŷ޽Ҫƶ֮һҲʸ־زƶά緶ΧȨֵ׼
ѧָʩ޵´ĵ¹Ǿ˫ؽŶõν˫ؽţ
ָ¹ԼʷظĽšһŵĻǵ־սȫԵķʡ
1970겪أBrandtڻɳɴܺ¹ش̬Ϊġڶ
ָĵ¹վʷʡĻ֮ϣһҵţԾڹ
еάֵΡһʩ޵ʱġ1999¹ɱμ
ս2003¹ķսǴάֵġ

ӷºͽıŷϣ䱳ǺƽơʡݡԻ
⡣ֳ塢۹塢塢Ȩ͸ּ弰ĸֱǿ
ơáȨԡԿǹȥŷŰսƵԵĵҲ粻
ĸԴŷ˵ŷϵķŷ޺ƽķҲӦ
ƽķ

ŷ޿ޣպͽǿܵ𣿴ŷ޿лѵӦʡ
ԲҫлʷѵǳѪ뱩ʷл
彫ͳһΪѵʷͳһͳһʷսɱʷ
棬֮ս飬Ϳ̿ǿɱĹȥȻ챩Կ
ǿȨȻǱԵʵΰѪȹȥӰºͽѵܸ
ṩʾ
