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֮߰ºŷĶӢʱڵĲɷã漰̨λ
ϵش⣬ǿҷ졣̨ġϱ͡йʱ
Ⱦλý˱ϱɷתءƪɷڴ½
߶ӡġȱʮһտ(ѧ)
ܡ£ӢʱĹ۵ȫֽתأĽ
һۡ

  ֮һžºϷ˺ƵɷӢʱ£й
ˡйǰ;̨ĵλصȵġ߶Ρ
Ķ࣬ҹŽʷۣΪйδ
ʮֱ۵ǰһԱ֮ԻйͳһȻͬʱ
ҲṩԼйġơȻΪ˺ѧ
̩ӢʱվڡˡĽǶ϶й֡͹ۡ
УԼĹ۵㡣ǣΪʦ͡ѧ֮䡱
ҪеŽָ̻˵شΣͳһĴϾͲܷ
εļ⣬ΪĿˡɢйȷ档ˣ
ΪбҪӢʱȶ

̨

  ӢʱΪֻ֡Ĳֶйг·򲻿롣

  ȣӢʱ˵̨ѲһջΪ̨һֱǶڡ
л񹲺͹֮ġʵ塱ˣֻҪ̨Ǹĵ
ҲͶκҲûʲôá˵۲
̨ӵĻš߼̨ݡĵط
ܸʲôأ̨ǡǡԡطΪۻġҰ
˵̨Ϊл֮ȻǾСȨġҡˣ
й½ϺƣʱȻͳһ
˫Ŀǰڡһйԭв̸ֱУһҪѱͳһȨ
ΪػֳɡȨҡ֮󣬼ϵȱɡ롰
ϵ̸ͳһⲻͳһĿ걳ۣһԭ̸ͳһ
̸֮ͳһָ۸ݺأ֮徿ͳһı
Ȼ
  Σ֤֮ʷΪйʷϾ֡ѡģˣ̨
Ҳʷݡȷйִʷ˽ⲻ֪࣬Թ
κ֪֮٣ǵɽѵͳһսߵ
γɺ̸е̣Ͳ˵йڽʱӰʱδ
Ϊͳһ֮ʶϹĺϷĻˡȻһⲻ
ۣʷ֮йںʷ
ٷѵĹؼʱ̣֮ĺԵΪҪҲε
֮ʵֵκʷݡ
  ٴΣйŵʹ̨۹»ʵ۵
ΪᲢۣΪʹй̨֮󣬡
˵ذһʱըڻõĲͿ־塱Ҳ˵йΪ
̨֮ߣҪĽ룬Ӷհ̨
ΧԵģƽͳһȡһйĻ룬
һǸĸ￪ǿġʹǴһԭ˵ƾĳֲʵĴ
˵ʷʵ˼򵥵ؼԱȶԣҲϽѧӦΪ֮գ
̨ʹ½֮ΡϵķҰ󵽾Բݵĳ̶ȣԱΪ̨
ſ·ƺ̨֮;ѵֱġĵй֪ʶ
Ӧȡйͳһȫйİ롣̨岻ʵͬ½
ͳһ̨Ϊйĵλûбϵġʷ
ʵ
  Ӧԡһơķ룬Ϊǡơαءһ
ҸʵСһڡһơǹŽ
ʷ϶ûе£˲еͨѵʷûйľͲܴ𣿴½
̨壬һ壬һʱ壬ƶȲͬʼնţȥ
ܻᱬͻͻҪƽҪսֻܲȡһƣ
;ȷַԺƽͳһ߼ȥֻ̨
ϡľ·ˡƫĻһơһ淴ӳй
Ϊ̨⵽ƽͳһľ޴Ա仯Ҳӳйƽ
еκηչȡһΪ
ڶʿͽܡڴֵġ硱۵ǴкŨ
ġս˼άɫʣʹйĸ￪ľ޴仯Ҳ
й緢չֳľ޴󿪷ȡ̬ơ֪ĸ
йھõȷľСʱԽԽС
һҲ˰ͳֶٵʿϵġֱ仯һ
ζعʱ˼άʽͼֵȡƱйͳһľʧ
ȥʷĻᡣ

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ЩҪ߶ûеġЩĳͻ
ΪΪйһ£һ۱֮Ȩ
ϵĹֱ˵Ҳ֮ͬȨΪԷΪʵ
صȵȡʵʣȻӦ֮ʵʧ
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С֪غκ֮СصȵӦȻ
䡰ⷪĵλӦ˻صεʱȡ㡱ķʽ
ʵʩͳΣԲۡȨ⡣ĵ
ڿʷĵеóģҲһЩͼ֫йʿһ¡
ʵϣصȵйһ֣Ҳġⷪͳ
йĹʹϵҲСȨĸһĻ֮
֮ЩйȨȥ̸ȨĹ
ʧǷҲӦ˻صл۹ġλȥ
̸Ȩأ
  塢Ļȷصȵݻ뷢չδѳлһ
ԪĻ֣һ㣬ǲԽֳߵ۵Ϊ
ݵĻǿлǧʷҵȷ֤ݵġڴ˵
˲ءɡصȵ壬ֻлһԱʷʵ
߼лʮ嶼йѳȥĸˡ
ТͨйʮȷĽ˵лΪһԾʵ壬ǽ
йǿԿгֵģΪһڵʵǼǧʷ
γɵġԪһлγɹУ
ɢڵ嵥λӴӡϺںϣͬʱҲзѺγһ
ȥȥ㣬ңָ߸ԵĶԪͳһ塣Т
ͨˡǼǺ֮ỷڡ۵㡣ݡ顷˵Ǽˡ
硱ǸƵ۴ӻȥЩ䡣̴׹Ǽ֣ʱ
ڽࡢһǼ˺˲׹ϵνڽ 
ܴͳμǼռҪλΪҪɲ֡ݺʷ
أʱǼ˵һ֧СǼBODԳ
Ǽǵʱظԭಿ֮һҺ͸Ǽ˲
֧ŰЩѧ߰Ǽﶼ
֧ҲаѼǼ֧һ˵ʵǼǼ˵
ǼйϵҪֲĴİӲݣ˵
˶Ϊǲ塣ʹǼΪҪԴǼڲγɹ
еҪ޿ɵ(μТͨ1989 Tanner Lecture)ϵͳķչ
ṩ˺Ǽؼʷϵ˵˺ؼԵϵʷƳ
ԣ۴ʷۻǴۣŵصȵĶǺ޵
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ΪصȵΪйһֲûкôлȻΪһ
֡޺ôֻжһ;ˣ̸߶Ρأʵ
ϲйߣҲйĻơִ֪
йԵ۹ߣҲڷϷ˼ǧ
岻ƽȹϵʵҲ˸Եĸı䡣ԴһľԺƽ
ѳΪߣȷдܷΪʵһԭƶ
η۾ӵĵطʵΣεطɸ
ԼԺͷϰҪܵأĸ
ɸԼʷԭһ˵Ļȥȱչ
ԹƶһϵжŻߡصʵеľ
εĻƣһƲܵһӭҲΪЩ
ΡáĻͷչṩ˻ƶȱϡԴˣ
ӿӶڼδ׼Щľ޴仯
Ҳ̸ĵ֪ǳڶԡʷǱ
оأ
  ӢʱΪĿǰйġȨơδ׸ıǰй
ƽġͳһ֢ƺڴˣ̨Ҳô
ǲҪʣضġ塢ڽĻϵĲɵģ
ĳĹĶ֮أ
  ĴġڵĿչʾʲôأ
ԼΣͲڲӦõĵطӦá£û
ӲҪҳνġ

ִӼǿ

  ΪйͳһᣬӢʱԡơĸΪһ
ƻģṤ̶˵ĿԡΪۻϷ
ű˵ĴΪһʷѧңӢʱӦþ
ʷʶͿ͹۵۳߶ȣӦñĳֹһк
˶˵ëʱ½ȫ
񣬶Ϊһȫִ֪ʶŪĶ󡱣йҲһ
һ롰å֯۾Ա
½ʷչʶҲë󶫺йյġ֪ʶ
̶ˡķ̬ȣһҲΪɽǴģ׷
ȻҲǴģ޵Ҳ޿ȡ֮Ѹӵ
ʷͨһǿʶ̬ԱΪʷѧ
ڵĻѧʽ̬
  ԱˡơԼΪйᡰơһͨ򡰹
ᡱı֮·ԻһҪָԼ
ȨڶʹԭĻաʹͳת
Ϊᡣ˹ᣬִʼġȷ
йִֻңԶδҵ
  ơУʲôʼ⣬ֻһЩʣʲôǡ
ͳᡱأβʵִӡͳᡱ򡰹ᡱת
أδ˵ʵšԪᡱһ
ϣй᾿ж˽أ
  ţйĿǰܽеģʽѡزֻǣ
мļţõǺ˲ţרιӵط֣𲽷չɣ
пġʵйʵΣ
ΡܴﵽĿꣿרι۵ͬ
ҲΪһΡйƵ۶϶
ֻһЩǶǵ
  ƫйȡõĳɾǾϵģرǸĸ
йΡõȷľ޴Ѿȷйִ
еӦеλһƺΪϿɡ
  ԶԷƽ豧йߵΪûһȽ
ᣬֻһŷֽѡȻûнȫķƶȣ
ܱ֤Բأ϶ġԶԷ
оԡڷƽϵıΪйȱƵĳԶ
ʷҲûʲô˵ġˣйֻܵȴˡ
  ййǰ;ΪʷѧҵسѹŽϵ
Ѿйۡ϶йǡȨ塱
ǡǿΡ̫λӺաȵ
Ҳϵĺжʵж٣ԡǿˡĽ;
Ի󣺡ǿˡڴһ壬߻򡮸䡯
ǵĳɹһܽ͵ģдһΤ(Max Web
er)˵ġcharismaй˳֮ΪʥӢ
޷һġϷԣȥΤĳζʹ
õĸĳĽ˵Ϊ˱һ㻯һ
ˣһƺӦʷѧҵ磬еָģĿ
äʷչΪǸ˵ãΪһֲ֪崫
ϮҲйʵ֮ڡ
  ;йδԤķչʹ
ԻҲʹһЩʧʧ֮һӦüһԼΪ뷽
һӦöйһ˽⣬ȡʵ̬ȣȻ
ҳкʵʵĽҲʷѧӦеְҵĺΡ
  ѧڴ½һĴӰ죬ΪάԼϣ
ܹΪлͳһͷչס