ƽϵͳ绤ϣ

ܶ棨


    дģҪĿ꣺һƼһΪɫѧ
ѧ߽￨Will Kymlickaġѧܸ߶ƽ
壨ƽ壬༴ɣϵͳ绤
Ҫۡ塢塢˼塢Ⱥ塢Ļ
ԪŮȨģҪܹʸۣ˵Ĺۡ

    Զ׼꾡ĽܣҲܴĶԭţ֮ʮּԵĽܣҲ
壻ҲͲðһƪͼĲĿˡʵֻҪ
˶ĶԭȤĵĿҲǴﵽˡ


һһΪڡ

    ΪڡۣԸݷҲҸ˵ͬСҪ
ȣʵ֤塢͹෴߲ǽѧ˵ժҪУԼ
ƽΪ׼Щѧ˵߼һϵͳ顣ΪֻҪ
ˡʵȻ͡ӦȻʵ͡淶ֵͲȱ㣬
෴Ǽŵ㡣ɴ˴ֻôԡ

    Σߵ߼Ͻ죬ΪӢѧķķԱ֮£
ҹѧһ󲿷ˣҪô̫ʢ߼һͿԻ
ͰնͬһĦ¥ҪôȾڸʽĶϰԻɬѽΪ
٣⣬߲οնԹ˹ķķģ


ƽϵͳ绤

    ˵뿪ЦĻ֣һǣ˼ֺ֪Ϳ
̫ӲȱͬġͼҾƵᣬһֻᡣŵ
Ŀꡪٳˡǡǡ෴Ҫǵĺ
󣩺ĳĴˣңᡣ￨ڵң
⡣

    ѧѧġԪۡڵĸˣ1971޶˹J.Rawls
ĲһۡۡҪ޶˹͵ֽ
R.Dworkinƽ壬ѾɱΪ˵Ӣѧ
KimlickaȻǵεڶ鱨֮޶˹ɡ
ƽȡ֮УѾ޶˹ԵĽܣǸܹ춼ԣ
ŷ΢һϵͳܿǱҪġ

    1

    ޶˹Ĵ֮ǰᡰһԶıʵ
ֹᣬйҲһ硰Ҫ˼롱֮һ
桱һ书ĿںţǣΪΨһִ
֮ˣɲǵ˭

    򵥵ıʽģܹΪԱҸΪ߾
ǵġ¾ʹҸ󻯡

    ͨ׵˵ǡ˵Ҹ߼ϲܳΪ
һΪ߶ʵĿֻ꣬ǣҪôʹȶ˵Ҹ
ҪôʹȶҸ˿з䡣ĸ춴ˡ

    ȣҸΪһ顢״̬ĺļֵŵ˾ٹ
ӣѧҿԷһܻ⡢עҩȵһ
ѧֶδ̼ǵĸй٣Ŀ֣ûκθãNozick 
1974ǻΪõ˵ԸȥҲԸš

    µĽ˵ǡƫã롱Ҹ棬½ͽԼΪְ
ƫãḻ飬аᣩ㡱ƫö
棬к簮͵ʳƷĲ춵Ϸĳ
ƫòʹмֵԭ෴ĳļֵƫȷɡ

    һ֡ӦƫáȤӣѡ򡰰Qѧ
ūԲѣ跨˵Լıƫáϲĳɲϲū
Ϊñū۵ӺùЩǬɲʲôöԼͲҪɡƫ
òǸ⣬ġʡҪöࡣ

    Ĳȵȶǡ˽ƫáҲմҲգֱ漰ˡƫá
Ȼϣƫû̫磬ƫöԼ涨޾ġˡ
׼͡޲׼ר롰гᡱȻǣ˶
ƫԽȨ߽Զռʲô˵Щƫõǿȡġݵ
أ

    ÿ˵ҸƫöӦܵһͬʵƽȹգʷ
ȨĻãߵ̫ԶҲ̫ªˡҸ桢ƫú͸
ֵĿ겻ֵǸвͨģôһ֡ѧ
ֻһױزٵĺĹʶ֮⣬ȨֵҪԽԽðˡؽ
Ҫ֮ǣߺؼֺ֣壩ͻ
Ȩķʽȥʵֶ˻ȫᡱЧ󻯡һÿ֮
ȨԡʥԵλĺһֲɡ
֤ġһԭ衢ҲܡԵ̨ǰܼ顱˵
ʲôԵʶ̬ŵġ顱ˡšһжҪԼ顱
߼Ϳѧǲ֪ԵļԡȻⲻ˵Ӧ
ԣ÷ԡԲܵģûȴܡ

    2޶˹

    ޶˹۵ĺ˼ǣеƷSocial primary goods
ᡢƸ˸Ļƽȷ䣬Ƕĳһֻ
ƷĲƽȷ佫ܻߡ

    ҪһвƽȣĳЩʽĲƽȴٽ츳ķӡŬ
ʹ˻棬ĲƽȾǿԽܵġ֮ƽŵ
ցĳЩ˵ĹƽݶĲƽȡƫ̻˵ģƫ̻˵ġ
൱춰Ѷԡƽȿɽܻ򲻿ɽܡľȨȺ塪ֻҪ
ģԼƽ㹻ȻźһҪܼɡ
ءʽɿƻйײڵ߱

    ޶˹֣ƽȡְҵλÿƽȿţǲģ
ߡӦÿҵʱӦǳʱҾỷ
ܽĻͬԼ˵츳ͬࡰͬ߾Ͳ
ƽȣң᲻ǣٲȫǣһ෴Ǳ
Դһ֣ãԴ춺Ŭѡ񡱣ãֻк
ߵµͲƸĲƽȲǹƽġͲƸķӦ춱
ѡŬ  þѧԣӦǡ룭ԡС룭ѡԡ
󣩡ˣṫƽ壩ҪĿꡪһ˵ĵƽȣÿ
ĿĶʵĿĵֶΣڶȻżúżõԣ
ΪԼѡеΡ㲻ܵʵ֡

    3ֽ

    ʵ᳹ԭأ޶˹ɲꡣֽRonald Dworkin
룺

    1־ѡ񣩡ȼÿ˵Ȼͬÿжͬ
̶ȵĹ100ӲңԴǾеӲңͨ
ȥʺԼƻЩԴ

    ƽǣÿ˻100ӲңǡýԴ⡣ʵ
ˡšÿ˶ҪԼ򵽵һԴĽ˵ģΪ
ԲԼеĶĽЩֽ֮Ϊ㡰Ľļ
׼ƽ㣬Ժȡ춸ѡŬ־򡱣
ǺϺġ

    Ȼ츳ͬЩʿܺܿĹ򵽵Դȴܵõϵ
ϡǲƽġİ취ǣ

    2շῪʼ֮ǰʹԴһ֣Ⱥ壬
Ȼٰʽ

    ȻݶٸߣҲʵ־ȫƽȡһͻߣ۸
ĲҲʹ˾ȫƽȣЩȫʵƽȵļƽߣ
бҪشŵ˵ʣΪʲôӦþһֻ۾˫Ŀʧäˣ
ֻҪôȫĮȻĲƽȣŵģҪôͼʹȫ
ƽȣ缫ŵģ֮ȡӹ֮磬ڡ֪֮Ļ
ǲ֪ԼȻ츳ͬʱٶÿ˶ͬĿȻ
ƣһһͬıշݶٶΪ30%Ȼ˰ʽ֧һշѣ
ٰᱣϺḣҵǡɭġƽȡҲơ

    һע⣬ǱزֻԶĴŷ޶˹͵ֽ
ֻ鹹֮УֻΪһּ׼һֽȷԭ۹ߣ
ΪʵʩΪʵУǼȲܳԴú
Դ춺Ŭã岢ԼĶͷϱԼе˶Ρ
Ȼˣͼ²ηʵΪƫ·ʡʲô
ȻƻƣȡǵļֵۣЩֵǱ䶯ġ21͵ġ֪塱
ῴ֪ʶ͵ķ⽨ʿصȴ⣬ֲԤ
˻ҵ¾ĲƽȣȫЩƽǲܵġ־򡱺͡
Ŀ겻ɵü档

    ǣǿ͹ۡ侲ʵ֮ʱͲֽܲͬտġ˱
ءߴ˰ת֧ҡ޷ˡƽȵ
µͬڸ塣࣬ԼӦǿеΣˣҪ
̽ǷеΣԴһ֡ķΧͬʱҲС
ۼֵ޶˹͵ֽ춼˵λģ

    ƪ￨ڶۣƽ幹ɾսϵ
ۣԼʸۼĹֻۣ֮֮
̸ˡ

    ѧϡ²ᣬӡ￨Will Kymlickaţݷ룬
20041³棬45Ԫ

