йͳµĵֿ

ӵ


    ҪĿǡйͳµĵֿҪ¼㣺

    1 йͳǰйҪһε᣻
    2 йͳ֮Ļᶼ׺ִӹ죻
    3 йͳƻй᣻
    4 ȥķ
    5 δķչ˵塣

    ȽһΪʲôҪ̸Ŀ

    Щöңĺǲ鱨ֺͱԼ鱨ۡȸж
ȳģ˵൱Уƭ˺ܶˣΪ˾Ǻν
ݵģԴɰ˾˵ԷԺԡǣʵңʵʴ˶
ΪĺҺͲڵֵȫͨڹʮµĹУû
һǮκһ˵ԮȡšµͻȻ֧ǰʱ
Ǿǲͷӵ±ˣǵеһ䣬o۵
찲Ź㳡ԮԼŻ֪һЩϸڣʵ󣬲Ÿš

    ҽ£Ҫǵվʱ˳ʮԪϣд
һ飬ǾܾˡܾԭշΪǹߣΪ漰̫ڰ
ǵڵİȫֱ죬һЩΣЩδϸ¶ҽ
£Ϊ֤ʵһһֱ²ȴٲtйµ
ֿһֱܻԾ֯൱ǿ󣬴󳬳ǿ

    ȨͳĵֿǶʮͰʮܵԽԽעĻ
⡣һǶŷǲ̻Լ޶ȥţŽṤ
˵ŷȨͳεĿ̨Լ޶ĹҪռһ롣˵ڽ̻ʷ
ʎշϵ´ò̸֮󲻾ãŽṤԶԱһǧ
չչʾ̸УǰͼԱȴδܳɹǰt
࣬춽˶ΪڿʣΪʹͳû
ô

    ƵҲйұصغˡԼԴȫ֪֪
й½ĽϵǱܿƵģйһһꡰġ˶Ժ
һ֧ԼشͳĻйᣬȡ̬ȣҪ֮졣
й൱̶ҲﵽĿ꣬һľԺɳй֪ʶӡ
ЩڰʮɳѧйĴͳĻ֪һƬհף֪ĳ
ڰ˾ǰϦﵽ£Ƕš䡷йĻȫ̷񶨵ڹͣ
ΪǼûʲôϵʱΩһʲյģǸոտԽӴľɸѡ͹˵
֪ʶЩҪôйͳĻ֪ͬҪôҲǒȡ񶨵̬ȡ

    ǰ˾˳׸ıҵ֪ˡġһǹ״ҶйҸ
һ˿⣬˼ܵĳȴͻȻ֣Щ˾˵
ѧ֪ʶӣйµĵֿȫȻ֪ڶԴͳĻ̬ϣ
йȫһ£ЩʿӼңұ

    ֪ϵת䣬֮ĺѡһʽ
Ŀߣκνͨ߾ϣǻ𳵡ִ£
ǰʶκ磬ԼҲ֪ǵһվĶԴ˿ȷ
йҲ֪ǵ١ʽʵЧйȻ޵Ȼ
еѣСѧѧʹѧͬѧļҸ˱£ȴʮ
ȫûҵǡʵϣǺܿ˽Ҫҽܵ塪йԷ
еһȺ塣

    һ壬ǰǰӪǵһٶλ
йˡũҲйɲ;ˡʵͨйгǧʵ
ѧ֪ʶӵղһ£һִͳֵһȴǷ񶨵ġڷ
ɱһϣǼᶨվǴһߣӪǵĶȴҪڴˣ
ǡһʤ߼һڽ̹áǎղ볾ΣȰ
˵ǲҪλеһλ磬ʮûн飬һһң
Ѹĸ׼µǮáߵϣ˵ܹȥϣ
ǶٲΣԵʵ̫룬պعҪʱ
ȥǣԲҪǡһĻĿ󿴵ܶɴ¹ʱ
ĵӰҾǺɴµĻͽĳɼȥӪ̫˵Щ¼
ԱȣͬΰȺԣȽһ¾֪ͨ
ѡҪ֪ʶȦڶصıͨѧ֪ʶӣܿͱˡ

    Բ𣬽̫Ҹ˵ľҪ˵йµĵֿ
ĿշǿѨ硣ʵϣҶ֪ǺͨѧϰоŸ
tһЩġѭλȰ棬Ҫľŵѧϰϣȶ
飬ٻصѧԺѧⱾС顣Լʱ䣬ڽ
ӻ̵̡˹ٻعй͡壬ٻ˰ʱص
ѧԺֱ2003о̺ҽ۵ĲʿĎȡѧλҼ򵥽
һͨоʵõһЩ춡йͳµĵֿ֪ⷽ


йͳǰйҪһ

    199698䣬Ҳμ˷ߵоԺͺٴѧһоʥ
ƻ Projet Pekin ville sainteͳƣ20ͳ15
ȴ1500100˼ҾһعС롣
й࣬ʱձµ̨ҲˣЩаɲ顣ֱ1949
й뱱ʱ1400Ҳ˵൱춰ÿСֶһ
ͷβ̵̵Ĺ̵ۡãǴͳй
壬֯ᡢлȵȣڣղoڽ̳ݵ
ƽʱľúĳһ൱εᣬٷ֮ʮ
ŵйˣǼȫһʱڵĳжȹġ
£ٸûʲôһһϣڵٸϵ
Ҳ٣Ϊúнˡִεһƪ
ˣȻйʼ֮ʩе뼯Ȩ˿ڻ
϶ͷʿΪĽеΡһᡢС
ṹִҪĽṹй;磬Ӧ
Ľṹйء


йͳ֮Ļ׺ִӹ

    ̨塢ۡ¼º⻪֤һ㡣ⷽкܶ˵
Ҿһ粻̫ע⵽ӣӡ޵Ļᣬڶǰ
һִᡣղᵽǻ˴ͳ壬
أ˾û⣬Ҫǿ㡱division of incenseƶȡһµ
ᣬҲһµҪϻᣨ¯ȡһȥ»
o¯Ϊ־ˡ̨׷ݵ½ȷ˵̨
ͷĳ˾ݵ̫ӣҵϼ˱޵ĻҲ
ǴӴ½ݺ͸з㣬ｨ»ᣨͬʱҲɡ˾
ʮĸ˾ĻϳGeneral Assembly˳˾
շȫִ˵Ĺ˾൱춵طλʽĹÿ
ٿһᣬȫѡԼĻҡӺ˾ϵͳ
˳γ1776꣬ͷĹ磬ֱ1854걻𣬵
ʱ˾дŸЩйˡultra-democratic 
governmentŷʮ͵Ҷƶȼ˿־ı֮֡й
˵˵ǡǡ෴йͳǵִʵϷ׺ִ
ӹ졣


йͳƻй

    ǶйƻĻĳ̶ȣǿԿйй
ĴݲЎղ춶Ļƻڳ˼ι۹õ⣬
ȫȳҲò˶٣۷̻ᡢ̻ỹǻ̵
Խ̻ᡱڹֱӿ֮£ͨġ˶
ʿײϣӾϣй1949йϿѹ
ڽһͷֹȻʽ֯϶м𣬵й
ǵĴѹȴһޡֹҶܲt⣬Ҫ̸һһȥ꣬
й֪ľѧСȥʱ55꣬εʱȴʮꡣ׫˵
ҵӡУŷһġ͸Ķռ൱ıء1973꣬͸Ķһ
λ˳ӵһũʵԪ谵ľʦµġձ衷һ
䡰˺˶˵Ƕ˺˾ë󶫣Ϊëöʮ˻
˼ë󶫵oִʮꡣǣë󶫻1976꣡ʱСȫţ
ֱ1976ëʱ¡ЩһͽԼץ棬
е𶼱նɱʱһӳȨɱˣҪκϼ׼11
1984꣬ΡйȨϯ൱ʱμ϶࣬ѻѻһ
ⷣ˴Ⱥĳֵܡġӡ찲Ҳմһͽ
ٳžǽֵȥŷȥԿüһ
ͽڷرߵİָԼĺŻ£Ҳ˻
һͽӴ﷿ҵϴԼĳθΪйЩ
һֹơͻᱻǹн컹찲ĺڼ
ˡʱμ˿ڵo20ȴͻȻð3һͽز¡


ȥĵֿ

    Ϊʲô˿ڵo20μͻȻ3һͽΪʲôĺйûа취ץ
ҺͲ᣿Ϊʲô90ͻȻмǧֹѧԱЩ⣬й֪ʶӺѸ𰸣
˼ΧڣΪܵй˼ƵӰ죬йҪô
ȤҪôtⲻࡣʵϣȻйȨʩϿĴѹй
δǒȡεķʽ֯ҲԽԽܣʮ
ǿԒȡܶͨķʽ絭ڽݣ
Աйʶ̬Ͽɵġʡ񡱵ȷ룬йҲͼ
áȡͳڽ̣Ϊβ١⣬йڽ̣ǵ̣
ر𽲾˸ʦѴοӶйŰɱдڸ󱲡
ʵĸ󲻾þͳֵġ칦ܡȡȡùȣĺ󲻾óֵĹѧȡ
ȡȣֱڻڷյ幬ϷȣЩʦƲ
޹ֺ1885й˾ꡰŵзǳ־塰ϵס
ϵͽزپҵµ׼̳²ķŸٻʵϣйרƻ
ĵһţһ֣רŶԸšġ1995꿪ʼйһμ
ⷽĴѹϴΪ׵塣е嶼ܻٵĴ
ѹ־巨ֹ֮ˣΪΪֹѾһϵ壬
Ǿڽ壬һΣͲ
𣬶֯ҲΪˣȫγû֯֯Ҳйͳ
ȫԱԷԶʱɢ֯ʽͼ¢һ
ռйԸ⿴ġΪֹѧԱɽ֮⣬
й־塣


δᷢչ˵Ŀ

    ᵽҪǴڽ̲ᵱȻоúβ
ֿ֯꣬Źڵı仯άȨԽԽҪǾò
ģҵάȨȡũ˰ȵȣҲβģί˴
ȡߺʦҲվάȨ־հйȡ
һ񷨡άȨУӢֻ˺ܴýáֹΪȡ
Ȩۼ»ţӢֻеġ˵ҲӢ
ϽеġЩֿƺԵúܷңһȴǿԿ϶ģйĿ
ڼչйѾ޷ŤתһơһǳҪ¸֣ε
չķǵ»ң׷йƶȵǱϸ˼Ŀ⡣Ҹ
˵ĿǣָĻһеĹؼ˽йΪٻ״̬
ٳейˣƵoйԼʻһûййͻͬ춾
һǶǵıѾûйĻᣬйͳ֮ǰ
֮⣬йµᷢչúúܶࡣΩһҪģڳ˿µķ飬
һ֯ûһǿ֧źԼԤ
κ̨ѱµĶáˣָйĻһеĹؼô
λָأΪӦĽϣһ棬ͳʿ߳
άȨȨ˶ϣһ棬άȨȨʿҪʶؽ
ҪԺͱҪԣʶγɺͼǿܹ־õֽ֯ʵ
ʽǹͬзǱʵϣֽȻУǱҲѾչˣ
oǲݲߎʶѡ

    죬ǿһõ֤˵ǷǱС񲻺˶
һҪʽ˵˶ӡ뵱ֺչĿռ䡣ǵ
ĿǺƽؽһרơǲñҲҪñƷȨΪб
ֿͳռƣʺѳɹҲܴ󣻼ȱҳɹҲѱµͳ
ŷʵ෴ͳμŵȨշǿ¥󣬶ǿͳߵķ
֧ŵģ˵ȨԡԴ֪ʶ־Դǿ
֧֧ŵġǲͳߵͳκָȨƻܾͬǺЩ
֧֧ȨôȨĳΪ¥ˣǱʽǿ
ĵһΣκҲñǿһרϵʱȨͳҲ
ȻޣҶ˳ɹ

