ҵù


(Ϻ) ԶȪ


  йͳ£ʮԩ顣Ⱥ֪ʶӲ
ȥй׼޲׼רĸ￪
ԼҲվסţˣڱʹȻάͳε
ҪֲܷѹĹһСǱ任ַŷɵ
崦ѹ켺֪ʶӡŮ׫д
¶ĸеļʵС˵̫ɽաһ꣬쳢ζ
ʿ¶Ͷģ桢컯ĳƪС˵ʮ
ܡдͽ̰꣬һꡣһ鹹С˵˻ȺŸ
Ҷ̣йѧʷҲǿǰʷǰġЩǺй
Ӱģкܶ಻̫֪̳˾ҲҺͼʧܴա

  һ׮漰йǽĺŵ߱ȫܴ
̡йǧټסֽվס

 ʧ

  гͬѧһѡͬѧм棬һ㽻Ҳ
ѡʮ꣬ݸ߸ߵĸӣΪ˻࣬Ĭԡй
Ϻί칫ԱݣһĮǾԶ֮ĸоʵ
˲ֻԸѡͶ˿ûй߼Ҫ
ŵĵĪ⡢ʢ˵ơ
  ʮǰӸѧϵҵ䵽йϺί칫Ҳ
λڿƽ·ͨơ족ĵطϺ쵼ģࡣй
ϺίǺίҪǾǶָӷʩڰ칫ۺϴҪ
ϵս磬Ѽ׫дڲΣί쵼οʵ
Ǹ鱨
  ϵѧд鱨֮໹ŪīдɢĺС˵ڡ
سƪС˵ͬʱоѧڡ
־Ϸбж졷£ԪܲμϺЭ
ΪʵҡǶӡʮί칫
ɽɽṩϣִдɱѧĽ
񡷣ڡĻ¿ºšʱһ죬ԼĻ˵
Ҳû뵽ǡɽǽϹܼң̺򽭶꣬
һֲϣԭ⵹ΪεĢ́ӣƨ
ϣǶԴ˴ΪԼ֪֪͸¶ԭж
һǷطĻ¿ڹӰܴ󣬵ġǰâ¶
ܶ෸ɵ£رǴƪйʵζıѧڸÿ
¶ʵζͷвжΣڷʱɾȥĴ
۷ʱָաΪλ͹ϯȻŭġ֮
ٿ֮йزŽĻ¿ͣԱһ֮𡣡Ļ¿
ͷͷĴˣһ뽫ﱣסСеĽ
ƪģΪȲͷλεǵĹ⣬ѹѹ
ϴ󡣽εˣո̨Ȼᱻÿٹ̡Բ
ĵڴϯ˵ԭͲϲʲôĻ¿һ
д˺ܶ཭е£ԭһֽǡΪ
󣻵ȴ˸еףرǵʱ
ȥӡ֤˵ȵȡȻմŭϺίû
ùأίͨ衢£ҹ涨δ쵼ͬ־׼ͬ⣬κ
ٷ¡Ϊʾͽ䣬衢¶˵졣ɽһ
Ҵζ³;˵ʵݡˣʼŲŹ
дŸίҪʾʵšʾתֹܹ
ίճĸһƽǶΪԽϸ棬ѹ˺ܾã
ŷ䵽Ϻ統ͨ༭ԿԵıء
ί޿κΡƺ쳾˵߳ŽšĴຣ
ļóʦն𣬳Ϊǵļӳֵӡͬʱ̨ɽ
˷֤̾ƣгسΪʿһǰλӾʿͻȻ
ʧ٣Ǵ绰žӰʼҲֹ״
֪֮¡ȥˡΪɽһζ
ߣҲΡ˻ʲô£
  ѺȦͨйʲôܣͨ
ĸһա˵Żġ
  ѵķžʿ񲻳ɣ
  ԽԽǺ棬Խ֪顣Ƿ׷״ɲꡣ
£ͻȻ֣Ϻϰࣻǵ༭ǳɡ
ӡɨص̵Ĩӡдͽһ껺һ꣬(
˵й)ȡɲݣλලͶÿȡʮԪ
ѡĬĳһ˱˵벻ҡȰ
ˣ˵ˣ˵˶㲻áȴѵⲽ˻ʲ
ôҾҪ˵Ǿƹ˵ҾҪһй֮
ˣ̫ڰ̫ƽˡ

ܴ ٴ

  ½Žսһ׫дʵѧȳ
ϵս磬ղ١֪ȸߵ͸ȵ͡ЩΪ֪̳
ĻΪҲдѧƷ߿϶ӭһžһ
°ʼʣʡԼһ̨ԴʮϺ̳Ļ
(ԺơĻ)ѧϵУ̸һдƻ֧
ϣͬѧһݵԴӡд٣Ļƻ
дʮ֣飬ȫ鹲ʮƪʵ¼£

(1)ڼٻ()
  һŰ£ʦϺίģӳϺ̵
һλձ˳ڵļٻΪߡз߿Ҫ󳹵ײ龿
෽飬̵۳ƷԶһš
  ڼٻʼĩǰǰꡣڼٻ֮ʼ
ĩ뽭ȵҪ˵ڵĳ֮ȵȣڱн
͹۶ʵı
  ָ֮ƷɫƬż뽭(ӡ
)

(2)Գ¥()
  ַĸб췴ռݡĸⷿȴ
ҲزˡԳ(ַ)λΪ˼ʮĵϱ
Ϊ±ߣʳϺλίǡǡггͷ
Ϊ˶ʮʾָʾϺгڰһµ
Գ˾ڸһµİ칫¥֮
ǺҫʾҪϺڽ⡣ڹԭ
İ칫¥ʮ֮ò󹦸ɡ
  ԳʧɷĻˡ
  ķ⣬Ѳʲô¡¶Գ
¥йصĻǷ˼Ķš

(3)ͥ ĻǰĻ󡪡
ʮּܡС˵ϰࡷ()
  ͶͶģԶʿС˵ʮּܡз̰һ
һŰ˰Ϻ㷨Ժʽһžһ¶Ա
ʱ룬ʿĹע
  ˹ڱ϶Դ˰ı⣬һ߿֪˫
ϲѰ쵼֧ԼϲʿԴ˰ֵĲôһµĿ
ۻȷʾõԶһҵ̶
š
  ¶ЩΪ֪Ϣڶ߶Դ˰һ
˼

(4)ʦӡ¡()
  һŰʮٿйЭĴȫϣʦ
йȨľΪһƪС˵дһƪԣľˡ
ȫЭºѡʸʦľʲôϵʦľ
֮ļľټʦӵһ̸ȵȣĽԶ״

  壬ʦӵĺͬ磬ҲһλңȻܸʦӱȣ
˵۾̸Ϻ̳һЩĻҲһļֵ
  кľʦӵż(ӡ)⡣

(5)ʶ()
  ϵһĽӴĳ״ȥĳ
˵ʱָ̫ͷ϶߷е飬ʵˡ
ľھټ̸ݣºĳó
һ汾١˭ʵԶϺٿĴǰϦ
ڵϸеߵ潻桭ȥϺĳѧϯݽ
ף᲻һе˵񡱣еĳֱʡȵȡ
  
(6)Ӣ롰˰ˣ()
  ڲΡеĴӢһħ󡭡˰ˣ֮ۡ
ۡ˶Ůҳ˸עĿġȵӢԼ
ԺΪ˰ˣĳˡѧۻᡱϺѧΡ
ӢʶӢ˰ˣ֪ʿ
  
(7)̸Ӱá()
  ĿϺеġʵʩ滮ռһϯ֮أģƬһȸ
ڵСƽҫİ칫ϡġ졢ƾաԪػ
ۻϺеҪﶼȷ֧֡
  һڿհ׵ĿʮŻݣЧ൱ɹۡһ
ɽԸıҹӰƼˮƽľ淢Ҫá
  Ŀ˲˼ģ塢Ȩµԩ
ؽһĺĿ·

(8)ȥȥһԡعרҡ򸾵Ļع()
  ʮڣȫҿƸɾ϶ġعרҡʮˣ򸾽Ϊ
عר
ҡֻԺϿ԰Ϸޣ˫˫ҵ̨ѧĻعߣ
ϺܵĳЩ˴ֱĶԴйءعרҡĳЩ涨Ϻٳٲ
ʵŵǣĳЩׯϵļʵΪ
ʧְпѡ
  ջˣǵģһ̾Ϣ

(9)ʶ()()
  ͨڲΡ͹۷ӳֱԡǰǰ
󡭡Ƿ׷ޡҲ˲ηѹһֺ
ĽΪɷӡ̸дһ
ҸоáΪ֪һתͳλֱڿͷ

 
(10)ҵù()
  һ״ι
  һƪǾʵ¶ǲʲô֮ʡϾȻΪ
ܵίͨί鳤̸ܾһλҪ
߱ί쵼ء
  ȴҪмǡΪߵľȴһµ
ѡ˵Ž˷š

  Ӧ˵ûʲôҴǹʱĶԴ±ܡ
ûɵֿ֪Ļ֪Ϣй˺й˵Ȿ
ЩݻǺпͷġ
  д󷢴ƵļĸѺ͹һЩ磬ڼҳ
ܸȤһҳ͸֮Ļѱĸ徺ίΪص壬
ϯ״ξٰľʮĸᡣ
  ־šĻһüǮ򻭱쵼ǰ
ڡûǮ˷ɻֻ𳵡ʮ¶ʮϺվ
¹վͻȻ˳ǰ
סȥ·
  ǡ
  ǳ³֣ӭһδ׺ݵʡ
  ǵġǡ
  㣬ߡ
  Ҫ˻ȥڡˡ
  £
  ˵ʱʱ죬һϴĺɫγϢͣߣڵ
ӰϿİܾͷŴ򿪣ƴؽѺڡ
飡һأ۶ȥ
  ǡŪͿˣ׾ʲô£ѵĵӰ
Ա
  ǹҰȫֵġʵЩղ˵Ǹδ

  ȫ֣˸񲪣ˡҷʲôƾʲôץң
  ʱˡ
  ˡڼʻԱߵһöԽ档
  ã

йʲôܣʲô

  һܾݵ㡣ͬһҲǴܱգˡ
  һͷͷģ˽һšд֤ǩ֣Ѳ鲢ûġ
Ļӡ塢̡֤֤֤ÿƱ
ʱ̱ڵͼƷԪֽ
  ҷԿ׽ͷͷ
  ɶ
  ҪѲ顣
  ֻ
  ȥͷͷˡҪϸ
  һѵص˴ļң䵹ϸѲļңһСֽƬҲ
ŹѲ˼СʱΪдزµļڲΡ˽
żµ׸塢¼򱨡˱ʼǱƬͨѶ¼ƬԹ
ĵԡȫ̵ȵȡװ˼ڴض飡
  ȻѶ
  ʵ뺣⹴ͨ
  뺣⹴ͨԼȲʿҲκεж
֯ͨ
  ƣⲻǣѶ߶ݺݵؽһݴӡġĻдٷϡ
  ֪ȫͨʼ죬Ͻ׼νڿءԭ
ЩԴӡٲĸڵĳ磬ĸۺ̨һЩ
磬ַժЩ鼮İȨҳǰ󹲼ĳʮݡĳ
Ϊѧͨҵ
ûᾪ֡ʵǳʶй̵ʼ쾡˽֪һ˵Ƕ
ôɡε档ΪԱ
  ٻܣ˺ǮѶʡ
  ǿپ֪ˡԼоֵսһЩʱ
̸ʲôһܡ
  ܲܲ˵ġߴ漰쵼ʾδʽ
Ķǻܡ
  Ŀûзݡ
  ǻҵݡѶߴӾõǮ
  ˵ǮЦЩԭ뺣ĳܲɳŪ
ѡʮټĳеţ뺣ţеĲȤеҪ
ǿǡ
  黹ûĶõѡ˵ΪֹûӾõһǮ
  дĻͼĿǹ쵼ǡ
  Ѷֻ˸⣬Ҫͽץԭ۹ȫʮ
ƪ£йǼƪе㷸(Ƿӳʱʵƫ̻ĳ
ûκιϵ)༸ƪû⣬Ψƪҵùܻе

  ʵ˵˵ǿԿ¡ûκڮ
ٽǵԴʡ
  Ʊ磡Ѷٴ𡣡Ŀҵùǹʲô
Щ˵ĿйϯǾϰյˡ
˹ײĵë󶫾ܺǧˣǺ̫ǡ乻
̫ǣҲӢΰ󡢹١ȷ˵ù
  ˵ľʵд±ǺõģǸ
벻˵ù
  òŽ͡ѶָϵʡȥЩ
ûмĵȥ
  Сʵش𡣡Ѿȫڴϣ˴ôͬ
ѧϵ档
  һһ⻰Ѷ׶ʱɫµѽ


ؽ·Ϊ
 
  ԰ȫֹԱ˵Ǹ޴Ͷλʿȫ
أ©ջ
  ڶ磬Գ罫ܾݵתѺȥϺеһ
һ·ǰооѹݵѺͳһˣ
һڻӭġݹ١
  һʵеǼΪϸȫյļʮҹҹʱʱ̱̿
һʮƽ׵ļ෿ԺСչ޷
磬ɹ⣬ҹȴִӲصơϺȣ¾
ʮϣܲ͸ļ෿¶ȿñһ
ͨκϢ絽˷һһͨӿܾܵϸļӡˮ
ˮӦġʳ൱򵥡εġϹ˾˵Ƚ
ʽļ͸ũӣҪùˡ
  Ⱥһعģɱ˷Էٷթƭܻ
ȵȡѺʱ䳤ģѾꡣ߾ɥ̩Ȼ֮
һ˳ܵķͽ෿˽ĳûеӣ
ȴͬһҵϺ¬ף(ܻ߱ͽʮ
)ȥʲô֮ĲΪȻڼ෿ɲòֹ
վһ׿⣬Թ򵱳ֹסףóϷ˵
öҽԺҽʦΪҿβáû뵽
ŵĹ򣬻ĺܶءҲܲˡ
  һЩåɱ˷ԭ۸㹦򣬲
˻ѧζҲһµɫʡи
½ʻľ÷º˼ѧûãͺջˣ
º˵һѧԺͱʾۺһ
ڲϸֵ֧֡ݳº˵ǰ۰½ɣ
Ϊ׬ٶԪ˴½˶ʮʱԭ
ڵĽ촬ȴҪ⳥ɡϺ˵۸˾۷Ժ
ͥбΪûˡϾ»صϺȴץ
ųû죬ӱϿһϢϺмԺ̰۶ʮһ
Ԫдº̡ͬһӣ۷Ժн⣬˲˼
Ҳ˿־塣

 ˹ʾͬ

  ץˣһʼǰһؽģɲȥԽ
ԽʧˣԭȻɵ㣬Ǻ޸ݵġûǵ
κηǷҲû֯κϵû˸һǮ
  һλѶԳ˵(ָȫ)̫ˣ
һ㣬ʵϲ¡ȫ־˿ʼһ
ٺӰʵûˮ˵Űˡǣͷ
ĳͷɡⲢ֣ΪڳдıѧУ
һƽȼλȨյʾĳ̶ֳȵĲмԺԳ
ߣɷԺԳо˼ǣмԺĹ˾
˵Գʾͬ顣Ǿ³ͥ죬峿⼸
ͬһ쿪ͥ·Ѻų˾ǰмԺ;и
ԳߵмԺ˼Ůʿ˳·ϵóŮ
ʿŷ˵ԳʾǸ˵дҶˡ
İǼԺҲδǺͬġҪҲû
ҵĹֶԷ˵ԭǿģңвŻ
ܿϧͥΪλپٳӣ
Ҫ󡰶Գ´ӿⲻܲ˵ǡš
  νͥϷڡܡκļҲ
ͥյķֻͥз١ˡһʦΪ˱ʾ
¡ɷн˾ϺбίԱΪǡܡһЩɵĳ
дʱù(ʵǳԼֵд)һЩ򱨣ڲϣ
ƾΪ¹йҴææǰ󲻵Сʱ
ʼΪԼѧҲ̸йܡһ˵ʹйܣ
黹ûδܡҲδйȥ֮У
  һϰº󿪶ͥУڷͥڲһ£
ɸݣ˺ܾÿ˶ֱͥĸº󣬷Ժ̷һ
νй¶Ҫдͽһ껺һִСʱ
ڲյĿﱻѺ˾Ÿˣ
  ڹѺ޶ĸľҲ˾޴˺ǵ
Ҳǹȣʳôǰǻܵв׼͸¶
سκϢ򽫶Գβȵȡ
  ڰ³ųʱҪԺû˽ż֤
׸塢дزġͨѶ¼Լ΢ĹʹĵԡȹĺϷ
ԺӦйطϵйطҲǡ
  ʮйԩ飬Ⱥ߲й
ҪʵСҪ¡͡ʵΪݣԷΪ׼
ǰƽȡȵȡ˵úܺʵٴ֤Ǽٵģ
ѣ֤μ̤ȨҲɺͷ
ǲȺʿֲͬ߶ԼҲŹ
в㶯רֶΡȨĲбαͺԡҲ֪
ˣҪв͵ˣȻֽվס𣬶вԱ

  Լһ޻ԹƱж񱨣һ
ĻңַĺúûȥҪ¶Ҫ
Ϊһ˳Թ˾˵ĳ裬ִߵĳ衣һ
̹ʺֱԣ˱󷽷̸Լ̸Լд
¶ܵĻƵġƲáйֽܷס
ɵһع⡣˵ͬ顣

˵

  ţش˳й
  йΪ񡱡ȫࡱǶ꣬һŰ˶һ
ԷǵʿֻŶԵĸм֮ıйϺί칫ʮ
¼й֯
  ڵ쵼عְ꣬Ŭ˼һֱĹԱ
һܾΡ̾鳼Ҽ鲻֣ԶӽСˣʹ
ֱ֮ͽб֮Ķޱ֮š
  ޳ɹʵиĸ￪߲ҽһĸ￪šϣմССȨ
ڵ͹ҵĺ쵼вСȨ쵼ǣʹеȨ
ʱڵ棬һӦе˵ģ
ɻٸƯںµ𹫷ʼΪ
  ӡԸΪּķ𷨷л
ء
  ӷ
       ľžʿ 
       Ԫһž¡