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˾˼ĳ(ʮ)


 ƽ


186ںɫֲ˳

  ֱѮΪֹҶĻŻͼֵ֧̬ȡ˵
ͶʵҵĲֻ״̬Ҷڵ롢ëϯ
ŲɡųľһʹҸе룬һ
ʹеؿõ˵ĸǰϦһĵìܶ
ĻôĸıʹҸغͳΪһ塣
˵֪ʶֻвμӵʵʵĸȥܿ˷ҡ
ѧϵиݵġ˼԰ìܣжȴȡᡣһ
ìܵ˴жǾʹǴ˼˵ľһĳ
ͻطԼԭеĲͬԱʹԼ˼ܺԼ
Ϊһ¡Ʃ˵Ҳͬѧһνʲ׼
·ߣаר·гɼ˼롣֪еЩ
ǰϲĺ׷ģڹȥҶлǲ벻ͨȴ
˼ԵǣֳһơʮָӡҲǴװ١
ʵϣҵȻɻìܡȻһƱˣ
һԥǱУͼͨ˶ʾ֤Լ
ҾͰĵìܸһԣԿȥܼ̬Ͷ˶
ּⲿΪַһĵĳͻìܡͷԼ
ҲʼԼѾ˷಻ȷ˼룬øᶨˡ
  Ϊ˶ĵĸоûбֶã֮ĺɫֲ
Ѹٵؽҳ嵽һߡֱӲ뱩Ϊͬѧ٣
޿֣ҺͬѧһȲϲ룬ֲ÷ԣʧ
мΡⲻܲʹ  

187ΪѰҺĽ

  ·ݵʱʮоͷǵĴ¼ڹ
Ȱ裬̬û󡣵Ȼ֯ʦ͸ɲжʱ
ҲȡǾ׼ɫʵǿƴʩ֪ν޲׼ר
ζʮıѹȡ仰Ⱥǹͳεı
˵ĸУĳЩ췴ڸ Ⱥʱԭȵĵ֯
˾ø޷ʤѡĸ䶷ⱷ
һǵֶȺ˶ʧȥƵĽǵݡй
Ĳ
  ʱңȻѵʶһ㡣ֻΪëϯ
Ķ䶷ģֻЩ߹ǿȺڲʵСڵ
185ָ˱һ֪ʷĴΪһ׼
ǿû£ԷԵֱ׳£Ψ
Щ׼ͽ׼ܻɵ˲űȽϷȰ衣һдȨ
ܱȽЧԼסȺڵıΪһ鳷룬Ȩ㲻
ڡ³Уĸңټϱʾãʹ
䱾
  ⷽԣһΪԼִܹе߶емԺ
ܿأҾͷԼܵһεľ޴ѹ˵ʵҴһʼͲ
ЩǳʲôɶֹĸߡҾǲǹ̬ǳ˻
񫡣ҺѹرʾԣΪƺɡΪţ绤
ʲ׼־޲׼硱Ĳᡣһǰ
ͱһӣⲻʹЩΪʱõ
ӦΡȷԴҲ˵θЩѰҳһֺ
͡
  ȻԤϵǻһɻṩһǶǵ
ۡЩһë󶫵һ¼ӦȺڣ
ӦŵŬ˵Լ޲׼Ļڵ롢ëϯ쵼
һΰĸȺ˶롢ëϯǾӢģȺҲԶ
ȷġ˵˶УЩȺĳЩƺ𡱵Ϊôһ
ġȺôҪʮȫʮӾѧӾ
սѧսȺҪڸʵжɳԼԼ
ԼԼˣǲʲ׼үվȺڶָ
ˮվڹȺһߡڶǱҪġ
Է׼һܽҪԹЩ
ж̫Ҫúãڽʱô
˵һȭҪһȭҪأʱȫضڷӳһڵ
ӰһһˡᵽǾ¼ǳԸӰƬظÿ
һλĵĹڶӡ
  ʵԼ˼ɷ֣һйһһȫ
ǡġĸڵĺɫֲվȨͳߣʵ˳ʮ
ϿרƵĻ֮ϣٽ貿Ⱥ֣֮Щûκν
ֶҲ߱޹߽еһΪıȺ
֮ĶԿһÿȺĲжʮ
ġ廪к췴оȷдֻ
췴췴ǵ췴Ǿѹǵ߼
һȻȴͼʷϵЩ
Ķ¡ͼ³ֵ֡Ϊֻǵ˫
ҶеȲѡֱ죬һЩ˰ĻеĿֲ
編еĿֲᲢۣѱеıͱȺеı
ۡǰȺͬڸ񶷣ɱͬս
  Ŭе˵ԼҲû˵ΪЩ
յʱһǰδеĳشˡ

188һ

  ¶ʮգѧԺкһӢ۶ú
ӷ쵰ˡ⸱Ѹٵشȫڹѧм
˼ҵıۡ󲿷ֺ⸱ʾ֧֡廪к½
дˡվ͡޲׼׼·ꡱ£һ˶
Ĺ۵㡣
  ĸС鲢ͬ⸱²඼ָ⸱ȫ桱
齫ΪĸӰ࣬ĸѣӦˡǣ
ûĸ֪ڵ֮ʱͱֳǿҵ
ëд廪кǷУҪעŽһп
ŽǡָʾҲȻûи㹻ӡ
  ⵹ûʲôֵġϸȽǿԿ
ʵìܡǰһˡʵһӦˡ
ԸȻһԣΨˣͲǰһ
еĽԡԣȻϺߣȴȵؼǰߡν
Žĸ룬ǺġΪǵļ㣬
ࡱ͹ɴ˵Ŀ֮һҪͻԼ
ԽλԽеĴСǡٳɷȣʶǴӲԼ
̫٣ֻΨԼ̫ࡣٵΨһΣ¶Ĺ
ûݹ˼ɵģΪһ
  ĳ־żȻǽ׼ۺ޲׼ר۵ֱӲ
ǹ׼·߼ߵֱӲһɼѧдɵĴײ
ĶδߵϿɣܵĸСίȰ£ȴ
Ծ˵ٶȷȫԭڴˡ

189֮ڷ

  Ѯ(ҲҪһЩ)ɶƪ廪к
򶫵¡޲׼׼·ꡱ󲻾ãбĸ︱̷
İˡһŽڶ̶̵ļڣЩںź˽ͷҶЩ
ȷУֽšҲòʶһұ㰵еģʼղ
ӵڷˡ
  ¼·ߵʱ򣬱ֽϾͷ£ָ
·ųũɲŮƫ̻ð׼ѧ
ʮУ԰ҲһƵĴֱʮǣѵǹȥܵ
ӻѵǻҪܵصҽοԼ˵Щ
ºʹֱһ˵ƫ֮ǲߡ֮
һΪԷ֯ʽеܣ˽⵽ֻպ
ͬѧֺʧתһ룬ҪǺҲһɸ
ΧһЩõͬѧԼһҪǧ
ҪϼͥҲͷƣϲȥ
  ڣˣ޲׼׼·ꡱº̷򽲻
ѳİ޼ɵʵڳҵ󡣼˵ǰҶ
нĸΪصӶмԤеĻôҾûϵȻ
ȡ˴ֱʽ
  ¶ʮ()ҴʮзؼУ;·㳡Ҽһ
غʻϵ˳סӢ۶
ӷ쵰Ҫվľ͹ĵжʱ
һǿҵĲֻԼǱƵһߣǣ
Ҳǿ£ҳΪ֮һԱ(֮췴ɺ
֯һɺԾܾպŮȻû
)
  ʮУĹ۵ҲѸӡҳ̲סҪֶ֧ͬѧ硣ͬ
ѧ֮ԵķֻĳЩͬѧ۹ҿ˵⡣

190ۻ

  Ӿʮоıۻᡣ۵޲׼׼
·ߡУĸֻ顣̨ǰŵǸĶ᳡ڴһС
ڰ壬дţŮӭӭӭ๷ӣ
Ѻġţ֮⣬ȫʦҪμӴᡣЯ
ʣŶӽ᳡¡Ϸ˵Ц࣬൱š
  ۻῪʼˡУĸνȻһλ޲׼׼·
ꡱ¡ֵҰ̨֧ԡУĸίԱҲУ
һˣ̬ǿӲȫУ˼仰ͻȻ㵽ҵ
ⲻʹңҲʹʦͬѧеԾϾһλ
ѧʮлǵһΡ֧鲻Ⱦҹҵļͥ
̸һֱľ˸(λͬѧʱĸܣ򿪺ƽ
ĵһǰ)֧ҶԹɱ֮𣬶
Խ׼·ʮִֵһ棬ԶΪݣ۳ҵġ
һ棬оƽյġ֤ۡȷ֧˵
ѧϰãһЩͬѧңԱҪͨαۣôҵ
Ŀһޣ˵ȵȡ
  ֧鷢ϣҪ̨ȣұʾҲ޳⸱Ϊ
ƬģϵߡǿʲôͬѧڵĽ³ɳģ
ĽӰ졢ӰڼͥӰ졣Ȼ֧ҷҵЩ
ۡһһԽ˵һصԼλϡ
  ţһλͬĺ̨ҷҵġ˼롱Ҳ
һ硣ºҲ˽⵽ΪٿαۻᣬУĸԤȽ
ãΪеĵͣҰļͷռϡ
ıۻϣмʱΧҵչġ⼸λ
̨˻ƽʱĸУĺЦͳͳҷϸ
ߣϺŵһЩǰС飬Լ
ⲻ֪˵ǵúеͬѧұȽϽӽǰսС
һдֱʱҲ̨ԣʾҪӴ˺һޡһһ
Ҫ̨硣ʱ˫ֵ˽ʱҸɴ಻ȥ
һԵţԱ˽ԼٽŽ
  ο׼·ֱȽԵʱҪаЩΪڹ
ȥҽй˼̨˵ӣëϯ¼
ڽ׼Уÿһ˶һĽ׼λ˼޲Ͻ׼
ӡ˵ġ׼λָ˵Ľ׼ɷָ֣ͥǰ
ڽͷĴ϶ڶĽʱҶԴСϢĿɿ
Իûжٰգֻڱۻϣҹ˲ࡣ˽Ǽ佲
ԭָ൱Чʵôһ¡ڳԼʱ
ҵĸоͲˡ޿ڡۡдʹҵĽ
ʮǳֻ֤һ쵰ѣοЩͺһ


191һ

  ڱۻϣ༶ĺҲ׷̨ԣֶ֧
ӡеĺҪͬѧڳԼǻ쵰һλ㵽
ͬѧȻ˼䣬漴һĳֻ˵Ҫǡ
쵰ָҲǻ쵰Ҫǡ쵰ָ
ǡУĸΣʦų̂ģ
õĽʦͬѧС
  ÿһͬһ꼶÷ͬѧõͬѧҲͬѧ
ǴӦûġమ˻һҵĺķԡ÷
ͬѧѧϵ֧ǡڴ˺ʲ׼·ߵ˶У
÷ͬѧ㲻ϳαۻϵʹ
ΪУĵ췴䡣
  ıۻᣬʮйͬѧԼмͥͬѧ
ԣһµĶΡۻ󣬸໹һϵлһԺ
ͬѧٰ༶ĺǿȰϵĺͬѧһվ
Լǡ쵰ÿһѧϰǱ˶ǵлᡣ
ˣұ˵ʮеȻҪ൱º͵ġº˽⵽
һЩѧУЩɲӵܼеصѧҪӵöࡣ
ͬѧ⵽巣Ź򣬱˳ϻĭǿͶ
֮ıӵģڱһУٶ˵ѧ͸Ķӡ
ԱҲ޳ɶ۵ġѧгһ޳ɶ۵
ġ쵰гõԶ۵ġв۹۵ֻǳ
õġȻӡڱУʱҳĸѧ⻪Ϊڱۻ
󵨷޳ɶ۵УؽУڵġ͸
ض򡣺д飬⻪ʼղԼĹ۵㣬
֮£ʮеºͶˡΪȫУӡ
ͣҲκƤ֮ࣻСᣬܻһĻΪԼ硣
ıۻϣұһһε̨⵽̨µĺ֡
ºͬѧΪƽ˵̬ȱ˶ԷǿҵӦ
ˡȻҲʮйء˵ûܽص
ѧøˡ

192ʱ䣬

  ºһ죬һλͬѧҽǴαۻϵ
ǳֻ˵һ롣ʵڱۻǼ죬ƽδ
ľ޴ľΣݰĸо¡
  յһҾ͸еƣؿʮֶƣҲԲ
·ͷɣֱò˵óһ̨ԣָо
ʧˡϣҶշתߡ˵йؽ׼·ߵһ
ûзĻôڿ籩ʽĸ˹֮£ҵҵĽѱ
˺ƬҴСǿʤǣʱǿʤȲСԼ·
˼ȥ˵ɡѣֲСΨҶѡĹ°ʱ
ǿʤȫ˵ĳĿ϶֮ϡûʧȥš
ʵҪʧȥǵðˡ˵㲻ԼҲԼ⵹
ûìܡûгͻˡǡǡڣǸģȴڿһʵ˵
㲻ָеԼĸֻеõ˵Ͽɲ
˵塣ͻʹ뼫ĿաȻ㱾Ͳͬ
ֵ׼㲢Ϊ˻žҪɸ˵Ȼܾļֵ
׼мںӣôָ㲻
ʱͲʮʹࡣ£ΨһĲֻԸ潫
ʧʵǡõùǾòе߿ʹ
ȴǿҵ塣ƽĶۣҵʱٿǵԼʧ
ҲǵԼϲ˴ѧֲźùǿ·ŵũȵȡʹ
ԼĸԱ񶨣ӶҲ屻񶨡ڵʱܹ
ʶµֻⷬʱ󣬹߲ǳƫǳڿ־壬
ⷬȺڵʵȻܵöࡣϧǣʱ
Һ뷨οԼҶĳЩߵϲ޻ɣǣȻ
Ҽκ˶ҵάҲܲеѾȺǰ
ʹΪǵһɹʱΪֹҺΧ
һƽһķǺװڷ
һжԵġıġΪԼ⵽Īеȵί
뱯ˡ˼ǣҿʲôʹ⾡


193Ⱥǿҳ

  һıۻֱǰСʱŽȻʳǿʹԼ
صᣬͬѧǶҡ顣ʱҵйɣ
ÿ춼ҪȥѧУĶӾ룬Խ£ԽбҪ
һࡣǣҶȥ˶
  ĶһˡȦϰǾĺˮŬ
Լظյĳ̬췢ıһС
޼ʹȣַոǶô΢
  Ҳںҹںˮܵļȣ뵽һʼҾ
֪ǾɱġȻҷȫ⵽ɱߵġһ
Ҿ׷뱻˳׷׷ľʱ־ȷһ׳
ջ
  뵽ƽʱǳһںţΪɽϣ𺣸Ҵǵģ
еɽ𺣣ȥܹ֤ԼԸҳϣһԥ

  һʱֱ׳ĳ嶯ȸжҡԼ飬
ԼûΪһĶҿʱйҪΪȥ
ĻᡣҹȥʮУʵΣյһʱ̡˼
ǣѵҲͶǸѵҲǳܹ
ΪʲôƫƫȺʱҷҳϣһֻ֪Ⱥᵼ·ѡ
ⲻ֪ȺʱҲǿҳϡΪܺΪ֤Լףֵø
ҳϡֻҪǰûȷĲֻͬҪԶ뻳
ĳôܲ¼ɡȺδػԭеĻɣпʹ
ԷһͬȱһͬǸ߶ļֵϵͳĶԱȺ͹
£ЧΪʲôڽһ׾һԪƶ֮
Ӳ㣬Ҫϵظ˶ԭˡ֪ʶӵΪ֪
ʷϺĸȨйų֪ʶӣͬʱʷ
Ҳĸʱй֪ʶӶȨֳձЧҡ
ĳϣǰߵĽҪ֪ʶһֲ
εѹ֪ʶӾͻᡰβ͡Ҳ˵޾˼
ʶֻͨھɷ֮ǲŻ¼
׵ĹִԸǲŻȺʵؿȺӶϷѵĵ·

194

  ۻʮֹҾԼܵĪ⣻ȻվڶԷĽǶһ
ƺ൱̷о仰ȥ۱磬˵ᵽ
һӵôܺƶũӵһĸ֮ǰҾע⵽
ЩᡱΰʱԽԽٽٽԭԽ
Խི顢ི(9899)£ŮΪ
Ϊǵļͥڡᡱ˾޴ĺôȻԡᡱޱ
ȰǺŮļͥȻڸ⵽˳صĴһԡ
ᡱĻ̹ǳޡö֮ǶǵĲɱγǿƫ
ɴҿƲ⣬֧ǹҡ˼뷴ʱǺܿô
ġĸƤ˵ǣʵҲһ
ȰȰᣬһĳҪأ
  һ磬ͬͬѧǶȥˡڴߣŴͷϵһë
ϯʯĬĬëϯԳкţëϯëϯ
˼һܹ˽ңң뵽Ἰ
 һ˶еľ顣ʱǧǧȺ߶ԳܵĹ
ʹУеΰ䷢ԵĺëͳεĹ
⵽ĴݲУںܳһʱȴȻ󲻵ë󶫾
ס߻ʵԶһЧǣʹΧһѶ
޹أһΪǵþȵΨһϣ
  ͨĻƬйĿеëԶһ΢ЦĴ鳤ߡ
ڹŴһֱѵ볼ĹϵŮĹϵƽ󣬳
ǹ͵¹ĿУȻŸסŮĴͳ
ȡйԼõĲָֻͣǿǸ
ϵ롣ë󶫵ءϣա˹ֻī
רȣǲѷ֣ëص㲻ׯϼ㣬ҲǸ
䣬ǿ顣
  һλڼĺںŵŮʵ
ë󶫣ӽëϯҾúҰʮ찲Ź㳡ëϯһ
ݳر룬һſСֺڣƬϿôס
ںŵļһëϯĿ⿴Ŀԡ
һĿⲻƽʱϵ飬Ƿǳǳࡣ
ƬϣͼϵëϯЦеġŵһӣ뿴
統Ŀеëһģԩʱ
ǻԳѰذż𣿡дƳ
裬׽槼Ƴնף̵ִľʿһ槼Ļò
ֱ²֡ǽʩŽ
ڣ֪ˡײޱȣǣ㿴Ǹ潿
޹ӣѰЩµ񣬹˶ë
лٶ˽⣬в˱ʾë羴Ȱ͸Ķ
ôйϵ֪ԷֵȰǹȥɵǷ
һʱȥɾ⣬Ҳɵ͹ڣ
ֱӰ쵽˵ӶӰ쵽˵Сһᵽë󶫣ǰͳ
һλֵġЦеġүүǲ˾Ͳʹ޵
һձ顢ֺױӵǣһ˳
ھ飬ԣȷе˵ƶ

195ۻỹǶ

  ۻĵڶ죬ѧУ̨ǽϳһƪĴֱ
ֱʮйڲ׼ȺڶȺںͲ׼ѧѧĹ涨Ϊݣ
Աۻ˸׳нķ񶨡ҸݱʼµҰһλмͥ
ͬѧҲΪмźǣƪֱƺûͬѧע
⡣ʱУ԰ʮѹ֣һĿκη졣
һŻ˱־ʪľϣʧˡ
  ҵȻԸͬŴֱĹ۵㣻룬 ˵ǿǱۻᣬ
Ƕᣬôأڡ֮ۡ͡䣬ʲôȷֱ׼
أ˵˺ˡͬѧûвӷеģ˵
쾭塢ȻˡʹҲһģģȤ뷨
ǶһۣȡǸϵơʱҿʼע
⡣֮ҽӴһЩѧɹ۵㣬Ʃ
κθһͨѧʵ
ǼֵжϡڹĴʻУּȱɲԺͿʶԵ
ȷ綨ְǿҰɫʵĸǱ˴֮Ĺͨ˾޴
˵ں̶ܴϣԹΪʶ̬ıʶ̬
ֿԹΪʵıĻôһʻķıǵֱ
һԭ
  ˵ĸУһëʰֱڵһЩй߼쵼ˣ
Ϊʲôʱ·Ȩɣ˻شëԼشν
ʱ·ĵȨɣЩȨʱ·Ȼⲻ
ֻһͬﷴ˵СƽʱйһҪ塱
Ƕʲô壬йȴʼվܾĽ(ʱй쵼
ԼҲǶʲô廹ô)ΪЩɱ
ĸ˵ģ壬Ϊͳʩб󿪷֮š
˵ԷȷһҪֶΡ
  (δ)