йͼ

ǡδйҽṹѧֻᡱ

ΰ


  ؿݴѧоƻЭ֮£ʮһй
̨ϱϵĻġδйҽṹơѧֻᣬ
һžʮһ¶գڰؿݴѧС
  ֯Ƕʮһͻ᳤격ʿױǴѧѧϼ
̨ѧϵƺڡֻɶʮһйᶭ³
ѧԪڣ̨δѧڡΡϱϵĻ
ؿݴѧڡоƻ޵(Prof. Low
ell Dittmer)רҡѧ߹ͬ֡  
  Դ½̨ۡ塢ءɹšձôŲصĽʮ
λרѧߣδйĹҽṹйƵĵ·
ελϵϵͶϵƳֵȨ
淶ܷЭϡһĽɫ
빦ܡơĹάͷչר⣬
㷺̽֡

ҽṹ

  ڻһԲУؿݴѧκ˶ࡤ˹(Victor Jones)
ô󰲴ԻʼҴѧʵ¡ִ(Ronald Watts)޵ںŷ˹(L
eo Rose)ݹϵʷʵӱȽ۵ĽǶȿ塱
ʹܴܵ
  ϼֵġδйĹҽųۣ̃́ίԱй
ίԱκ޽ڲύˡδйͳһģʽϵ۵ʱ
ģзۣϸشߵڵʣ̨
ѧϵڡܷѧҺڻϷɽںġ
ҽṹṹĽݽж춡Эıʿ
߶ȹע  
  ڡйƵĵ·רУϼΪ
йĵ·ݽ齫˴ƶȸĸΪй½ƸĸҪ
ݡ
  ϼʾй½г÷չ̨óϵʮ
ϵĲʼСŴ½εƶϵĲҲ
Сй½Ϊ֮ĺƽͳһƽͳһı
־ǺϿٿͳһġܻ顱ƶһʺϺϿҲʺء
ɡ½ȵµܷʵĺƽͳһõѡǽ
ǫ̛塢ءɡ½ۡŵȳΪйġ
ԱʹЩڶߺͶϵϣӵгԱ
ȨξƽͳһйĹҽṹҪδйܻ

  ܻٿϼƵľ岽ΪϿ̸֮
УƽͳһģʽⶨʹԼء½ɵȵ
֮Э̣ܳﱸίԱ᣻ģʽܷݰȷܻԱ
취ѡܻԱټܻ
  Ĵѧȼ͡ƶ°֮Ĺϵ
ƶȵĸĸǰ˷ǳĿ
  ȼֵĹ춡ελԲУ
عʾԮĵоԱİ桤ԭ½ѧԺо
Ȩͬ˵İͺϼ䡢ĬһйĹҽṹϵչ
Ľͺˡй½ɹľŵ롱һž
ĻⶨĽܷݰáл顣Ϊ
뵽ɽġл²ˡлָ
壬ʲΪءɡءܡ桤ڻ
ת˴йܷԲݰ͹ע

⽻

  ϵϵרۣĴѧʷϵڹ
ӱ֣ݴѧѧƽ˹̹ѧԪڣڻ
ǡͳһŷ޹ͬ׶Ծκ壺ѵ
ŷϹ̺;飬оδйĹҽṹڷϸ
˽ӡ˹ٵйоĵĳһΪй
չȨ֡ݽΪйпܳͳһȨζ
ľ棬йǰȡƶת͵ĳɹ
  ˹ٴѧϵʿо⣬Ҳԡй⽻ר
ⱨ棬Ŀǰй⽻̨֣֮ʵ
⽻⡣δй⽻Ѻúƽ
١ҪоУԭжԼ͹֮֯뷽ʽδ?
ܵ⽻й̨½ܱĳЩ߽ϵߵ
ȡ
  Ƴֵй½չʵнܵϵ
ȴѧΪûܷơطϵ
ݱ䡱Ľݡ̸ĸǰй½ƵطҪͨʶ
̬֯ºƻǿֶΡʮڣǸĸ￪֮
ķȨƣں̶ܴϸıطϵʣһ͵Ĺϵڳ

  ˹ٴѧѧʿо֣걨ĿǡƶȴµԴʲô
пܡǿƵĲҪ
μ֮һ̸Сйԣ̸Ըȡ춹ʻ
ͳκϷԱǨʶ̬ת͡

Ȩ

  Ȩǵ˶Ҫں֮һڡȨרУй
½ѧҡױǴѧѧںƳˡйܷȨϡ
ָܷһȽȷеĶΪǿƣ蹫
޶ɵǿԹ淶ǣӶʮͶʮ𣬿ʼֲ춵
սһЩڣ½еνܷ͡
ʵǡǡͬͳϵܷ෴Щһʵɹ
һרµ(ά)ƶȣȨ(ƷȨƺ)
ʹȨòԼȨĸ˻ռСޣ
һ͵ֻܷǱϹ涨ڶɺȨʵٸ
κȨɡͽܷ֮֮ʵǿ½
зƶȨϷ⣬ʹϵȨ׼к
룻ڷƽһȽʵ巨ԳӲܷʵ
ʩලδרŻ(йܷ涨ȫ˴䳣ίḺ)
ȱϳաˣǰҪܣÿеһȨ
תΪʵȨʹȨձõʵķɱϡڶܣ
ȫ𣬰շƶͨһȫܷ

  ŦԼѧڡȨһĬҲڻˡȨϡ
 

κ

  ڡϡרУйоĵޱ͡
淶˷ԡΪйûʷ·ÿһ
йӦΪйܷҪεĻȷṹ
ܷĹ涨Ȩṹݾ޸ġ
  ձ񻧴ѧѧڼıǡܷЭԡ
Ƶһ㿴̨оԺŷоԱܿڡ̨ϵ
ʡձһŴѧʷѧʿо˵ȶԴ˷ۡ
  춡һĽɫ빦ܡרۣɲܿĹ
ݽĴѧооԱνδй
˾ϵ춺Ƴɡȼרҵۡڡơר
УʽˡȨת͹֮ѡ񡱵ģԭйѧ
ԺѧоԱڸױǴѧѧ̷ˡδй
ơͳڸƽƵıȽϺѡ񡱣ŲŵоԺȼӶ
ŷĸ﷢չʷȽˡλͳʵȨͳ
  άͷչһרۣѧѧԺѧ
ʿо桰˶ĺġġ̨ɽ
ѧѧΪܷͼܷ޶ԭ򡱵ݽ
  Ԫйһľڴ½ִΥܷ
Ĵ󣬱йһ춽Ҫйִ
ܷйŵһߵ  

  ڴ쵥λʾͽĽҪٰƵѧо
һ̽ϣй½ѧиĲᣬֱ
Ļ鿪ȥ