ʷʷܽ

Եǰļ

ӵ


      ֮ºűٳƪ۰˾塢찲Ź㳡
ѧڲĽ죬ܿɹΪ¼ĵ˻
֤ˣҪл󿯵Ŭϣܽ̽ȥԱδ
ҵܽһЩͽѵй˲һӡᣬ
һЩʷʵһ塣      

(һ)춲¼Ӱ

      գڹۻ(ʵҵȸлڴѦΰ
Ŀرڻϸҵķʱ)ָ¼Ӱ(ϰ߳ơ
춰˾¶ʮ)ֻ˵һ־

      һֱɵɣ
ȡӳʵϡھʳǰġʳ顷֪˶
ĳСУһ仰ţΪս
      ೡϣԡ¼УһظЩ
ģ죬ȴ˽Ļǰƴӣ֤ǡñѪ
Լ֮治СֻҪ¼ȫģôƪ̸Լ
ĳɳ̸̣ĸ̸ͥ½̸̸ʮġ
ڡȻԴȻ

()ڴѪ롰Ȩ

      ڶû˵㳡ϵĶȨѹʵᡰڴѪָ
ѹ֮£ڲŻŽᡣ賿֮ᣬѧ
㳡һ̣Բ˵ϣǸָӲ
˹Ϊ֮ҹ춴˹㷺Žᡣ
      Ϊһǰԡ¼ͷһ죬塤ߡ׶ϯ
顱ϣϣˡй
γһ˶Ȩϣһֱͼ˶Ȩ
ͮھһϻ䣬塤һͳսʳջԾ
ϣůʱϣͻȻ㳡ָӲָȫ֡
ָӲʲôϣ˵ҵָӡ˵ô;ʳЭأ
ϣ˵ҵָӡ˵һָӲô֯أϣ˵
ָӡش䡣ڴ£Ҹ߸˵ȥ㳡߱·
˵һҪֹͣʳľʳŲͬ⡣(ع뷴˼ҳ)
塤ϯϣϣİ˵С
С֪ȡƣȡй
      ᣬˣ˵û뵽μ˶ġӢ͡䡱
˽ڶ죬¼У˵ԸȨҰļңָľǴ
ϧֹδ˵ڹ
      ȨѹԴַΪ󡣰Դнϳֵ
(ع뷴˼߾šҳ)ڲ¼賿һЩ
ͬѧѧ㲥վҪҲȱѧۡ(󹫱
ʮ)㳡ڵȨᵱʱдʵʱָӲڳ벻
֮䣬ġмɡ

()뿪㳡롰¼ƻ

      ¼˵׼ȥϷʡΡ
鵱ʱ𣬵ҪʵʩȴǼʮзյ¡ڹ㳡
˱֮У֪Σնٱ֪ģΪ˵ˡڹ㳡
ԼñѪδС֮ġ֪˼ƻߣҪ
ôƶϣ治֪ʲôġ
      磬¼ҵңҪһְ£Ρ
һ˵¼Ӱ¡ʱ˵ľǡ˸ԡ״˾֮ð
գ֤ҪץȨţٳΡΪԭδͬ⣺һ
ָӲմӱӹܹ㳡㳡δָ߲θ
ܵ¹㳡ӻңʡΪƫѧˡ
뵳֮Ǳԭ򡣲Ȱңû֣ϻٴ
ǰְδ׼ᣬһֱڹ㳡ֱ賿켸ǧͬѧ㳡
ָӲڵһšʷȻǡԼñѪ
      ¼һѧ()дһ䣬
ָ壬ӳ֤˵¼ʱ֪¼ƻǲ¼ʱ
˵ġʱѺܽţ˵ǽŴϣŶµļ
ӣġƵһ̾һͬѧƣȷֳߡ
ʱƣ¼Ӱ˵ڹ㳡½
֮ϣ֮벻ʵڲǸѽ

()ôϣôգ

      ֮ºźƽڡ찲šгƣڡ˾˷˼
ҶԼ˷춹㳡ǷӦ룬ƽ˵
㵽ʱܿʤ춡ܱȡԺáйһ
⣬ڡ˼һиϸµķȤĶ߲ġ
      ҡġˡ˼󲻽⡣
      ֪ơۼҡĺƽһۣ˵˾֮
ʧδܡϣþա𣬺ƽڡй֮Ϸ
ϵ¡˾˵ķ˼ۡУᵽ˾¶ʮһ
д£ͽСϣþա˵ʱѵʶ
νһȡΪпķʽʵС棬忴ƽʱô˵
      ڣѾû·ڸѹǰĳˣֻʧܣǰ
Ѫɺӡţºƽֽ˵ڷǱ
УͬڱһȲԣģҲǱҪ
ġʤҵͷⲻֻͽȻʹʧȥ
ɹļֵҵȻ˵Ѫ֮Եֵù̹˻ǹǣ(
ν峡)һֱϵԳٳٲܳɹȷпܳ־䡣(й֮
ʮʮҳ)
      ǣƽĲԣϣع㳡ѧй
ƴףڴȷʵпܳ־䡱ôⲻǽƽ
̢ļ˼𣿺ƽڰ˾ۣǱеġѧ
Ҫǧٱ֮󲻽⣬һ
      ƽɱǰ(ϵڶ)Ѿ׼ȷԤ˾
˽֡ѪɺӡġΪпᡱĽ֣̣޳ң
˵ڴѪڴڸѹµڲŽᣬ󵽵п飬
ǡ塱ġѪɺӡϺġƤӵͶʮ
ꡰڡ(¼)ƽԤġѪɺӡмڡ
ġǰõأƽġǰ˲пԤ˼š
ϡƾʲôڡġ֮ȥָժ˵ġεأգ
գ
      ߣƽ˾꼫˵ļͣϣŬ
ʵжСݵʱǸΡ˵ᣬڲԺƽϡ
ΪҪϯݣڽ鳷㳡ȴ⵽ƽѹ
һУڡ˼˵Ȼҵ֪˼ƻ
ʳеܡ(й֮ʮʮҳ)˵ҲԱ
ǴӺƽڵŦԼѧڼҴһعġƽڹ㳡ڣԡ
ƬŵûӰ죿жӰ죿Щʷʵ塣

()Կɵ

      ꡤڡ֮ºŵ¡ӰƬɽļɡ
˴ʷϣ֤ɽ֮ƫģܾ˵رжǣ
ǵһλϸοһѧߡʮλͬѧ
꣬˰ʱһͬع˼˼ʵ˰˾űѧ֮֯
߹еһЩؼ⡣¹ʻ˻¼ȫģСع
˼
      һֱ㡶찲šο˴ϣν˾ѧ
ʷר֮һˣڡ֮׫ָɽһƬвʷʵ֮
ء
      ϧǣõʷϣҲпסĵط
      ˵Ϊ֤»û䵱ʱѡٳ̧Լ˵
ʵϣӰƬеĻȡ¶ʮձԭٷоʱ
桱ɼѡΪԻĴеġӰƬ
ѧԵƬпؿǸԭо³̽еģ
ѡһЩµĴԱעѡڰ˾˶
ʵоĳֳѡٳѧ˸˶Ĺжᱻ
Ÿжȡˡ»ͲᣬͲɱУͬѧѡٲ
ġ
      ֤ܶࡣ
      һʱˣ¶ʮգʮա
      ڶΪ˶ԻǶԱоϯ죬߳
(һ䣬ͮСǸԻ޹أΪͮоС
ѧ)
      ǡѡµĴԱԱίео
ԭоϯţ춫Ӣ͡вš桢Сƽ
־ºҡ
      Ϊ˵ǰ㣬ȿ˾ʮձлίĹ棺
Ŀǰƽȣٿʱоᣬо
ϯͶƱ֤ÿһţšʱٿʱо
ᣬʮˡͶƱͬϯŵΪʮһ
ƱͬѡٱѧλίоԱΪоʱϯųԱ
޳ƱپʮšЧҪУоϯʮСʱ(ʮ
)ʱϯƽȨй(Ķǵʮ족ʮҳ)
      ӡУʱίдͶƱͶί޳Ʊģʵࡣ
      ⣺
      ģעѡڰ˾˶ʵ굱
©˵οϡΪȣ겻ǵˣΣǷ
οȫʷϣ˵ٴΣοȫʷϣǷ񺭸˶
˵ᣬҵľԣƵѡڰ˾겢෴У԰
ѧ˵ҪĿ꣬籱¶ʮճίһѡˣ˵
֪ξݡ
      壬һ䣬оĳֳѡѧ˸˶Ĺ
ᱻŸжȡˡ󡣸֪ƾʲô˵
ġ롰СۣǸʲôоƾʲôԭʼ
˶ȻĽأôһֵ˶ġĳֳѡٳ
ѧ˸ˡôһʹأרңԱҴ̡
      һ䣬»ͲᣬͲɱУͬѧѡٲ
ҾȡΪ˾ѧʷרңô֪ܲʱƣһ
뵱ȻأᣬЩģ˶ڲŲ֪ʲôط
ð˳෴ǡ˶ܵעѧ˹Ǹ֮һ磬
󹫱¶ʮ籱ʮյ硱³ѧ
ϻᷢ˲(˵
      ʵ¶ʮյıίϴѡټˣֻ˵
ѲǱѧҲ鳤ȻᵱʱǱʦо
֮ǰڱ󱾿ƣǰ˰ᣬҲһֱͬסڱˣ
˶УȺڻҪڱ󣬾һЩ
١˶Уرڳڣô٣˭뵽˶
չ˾춯أʱôΣյ£ֻҪҸɣܸɣȻѡ
㣬Ķֻ˶ˣΪҪɹˣ䵽˺
ʵ棬ܳġ۹⿴˾ѧˣֻ˵ԲС
֮ġ
      Щڰ鼰һЩ˵Ϊѧߡרң
ġɡһҲɿϸ˴ʷϵģ䡰ع뷴˼
¼ô֮ʷϣ⣬ѧûң
о룬ǸϾͲ͹۹ʣ֪ʷͬġƬ
ëɡ

()¶ʮһ

      Ӷ¶ʮһʷõķʽϣҸҪɡʷϣǷ
۹ʣƽõڶֲʱǷ̫żˣǣƽ
Ƿڹʷʵ
      áع뷴˼ߡˡҳŲҡ
ᡢ»Ļ֤ڴϲõ˾׼ǵϢᣬǾָ
Ա뿪㳡(֮ºʮҳ)
      ڡָԱһʵĸϡع뷴˼õ
ôϸûжŲǶλǰͷһǣ¶ʮձ
ֵᣬʳָӲͻʷʹʱڹ
ĽǷǳǿģ֣⡢ܶ˶ڹ㳡ʳ
ָӲڹ㳡ʧȥ˿Ƶĵλ
      Ҫǿ©һΣԭòĻʱֲõ
ļ֤ҾõǾ仰ǰұ㲻ſûпˣǰǾ
ǣʱָӲʱľΪʱʳͬѧѾ󲿷͵ѧ
УҽԺȥʳŵɡ
      ͬ»ڡع뷴˼Ҳ˵˵ʳѾˣǵ
ʱҲѾˡû𣿻֪ʷ
      ߣĻҺͿϣ˹㳡ָӲ֮ᣬ
˶ҲšԴգϣ뵽ĲǱԼ֡
֤࣬ȣ¶ʮһգ㳡ָӲûΣ
ֻǿ󣬶˵ûҵʳָӲĻҲ⣬Ϊʳָ
ӲھʳŹ㲥վͿϣȥǡѧ֮㲥վҲָ
ӲԱ⣬ֻ˵ҲĳίΪѧ֮Ǳ
Ҫȥĵطң賿ĵ㣬ϣǰᣬһֱھʳ
㲥վûҹҡ
      ᣬҲصǣ֪Ƶġ㳡ָӲǲʵģ
һ㣬һε绰УҲҳˣ˵ʱҲע⵽ϸڡȻ
֪ʵȴҪǿãֲע⣬Ϊ֤ϣӢָӲ
գһʱأƫһΣַʷϣ
ѡǷʣ֤Ƿ͹ۣɡ
      һֲϣǣû̫ϵĽֻۣѡ֤
ƫ֮ӣƽõڶֲϣܽ˵ġ¡롰Ρ
͸ˡ
      硶֮ºϣƽ˵Ҫ䲻ְض
֯䣬춲쵼㳡ͬѧǵֱΣԶܣ
޲ɣֱεôأ˻ǣ
ƽᵽ¶ʮһǸ飬ָᡰΪ㳡ʾߵֱ䡱
öԲӡӾ𣬺ƽʹӲŹκλᣬ
ҪѡñѪȴԼñӣεؿڲָӲͷϣ
һ棬ȥ֤ϣ뱱ĺԡ
      ϧκƽָˡֻ֤˵õĵڶֲ
һҲס˵ƽ԰˾ѧ֪ޣðѻ˵ߵˡΪ
¶ʮһյĹ㳡ϣ;ʳָӲʮյĸʳǡ
ʾߵֱ䡱ڵʱһƺŵģʵϣͱ
㳡ָӲ֮Σ¶ʮš

()ƽ붷ѧ

      ƽǰġ˼УҲͬĻ͵ߵ˵֮ǰӦ
þա塤һԻӦգ㵽ָӲͷ
˵ûָӲӡҲǵߵġ֪ǾʳָӲ(
»Ͳ)塤һ˸ʳʵȴ֯
ʳġ
      ʱʳʱѧ֮㲥Ȼһͬѧ˵
ʳˣʵϻкܶͬѧڼ־ʳһҪأҪЩͬѧ
һΪ˱֤ЩͬѧΪǵĿĻûﵽǲܳ
(ع뷴˼ڶҳ)
      ˣ㳡ϵԶԶ˺ƽǡ==
ô򵥵ĹʽԺǣ˹ʽ㼤Ƚ
ϣʮӣϣȲҲʳš
֯ĹǸɣַԿϣôǼȽ
ع㳡ϯʤ£ȴһ糿߻ҲȽඣ

      ƽһһҪڰ˾ѧѰҡɡ͡ȽɡľȻ
ѧ˹ǸжԣΪҶصĺ;µ
һֶȻĶַγɶԪ۵û
ѧƽ˼˾ͬѧء
      ʵ˾ѧһҲƽõĶַô򵥡÷ֵ
һأңָӲ֮ǰҲǱϯָ÷ֵһأ
һֱڱϣһҪ֪ͨ
ίȥ춲ڱί¶ʮճ
ӱȥҲ˵ҪԱίݻ¿ϣҵڶѡ滻
ֱգҴְΡ
      Щϣƽо֮ᣬܽ᲻١ɺƽ


()ɺƽ
 
      ˺ƽַ⣬ҶԺƽʷ֤ɣ
      ڶʷ衱⡣ʷܷչۣʷѧȡ
̬ȡ統֪ʷѧӢʱڽ֮ġɷʱ
Ȼ˶ʷļٶķرǶԡġʷԵļٶ

      ȻƽʷٶΪݣۺܽᡣ塢
ǰ˵ɱ(ν峡)һֱϵǳٳٲܳɹȷп
־䡣ɴۣڵʱϡȷ˵
ʤ춡ΪܱȡԺáɴ֤㳡Ҫ
ǡӦøΡ
      ǣǺƽԼʷٶԼìܵԨ
ٶìܵģƽٶźãּٶ˲źã
ԻٳǣĻǹһסþգϡۣ
ԼҲûԲ˵֪Ӧòźá
      ˣʷٶ˵ԲãҲСΪ˶ɺƽ

      ڶֲϡ⡣ƽۣʷٶ̸
⣬һص⣺õڶֲϣ֤
      £ġһ꣬ҺͲỹڹƽ
ڡй֮Ϸƪ©ٳġ˾˷˼бԲ
ԡȡۣ˽աñѪԼ֮汾
սֲ֮ʼٸߡȻƽôòĻȴû
п¼κָӲԱƽҲûж֮
κ֤ǽա֮ۻϣҵ֪

      ƽҲҲ(ʱ»ʵҲŦԼ)Ŷƽ
ķŽй˷˼һУгڳǰ¼
һ飬ԭӡеһЩ󣬶δ޸ġȻ
֤֮òϡʱŦԼԶ˹٣
      Ľ죬ƽڡ찲šж֤Ϊ̸ϡ
ȡ塯㲻ʲôëҲȻڷǰȥ֤
ôΪѧߺƽǷӦøһأΪۼҡǷӦø
һأɺƽ
      ģʵΪһѺǺƽĹʶƽڡ
˼УǿӦǿҵĹʶûǿҵġԾġ
ѵġʵĹʶǾͲڸζֻ׷ϵɡ
(й֮ʮʮҳ)
      ǡǡʵʶλܽʷָ֮˼룬ˡ
˼һĵĴҴҲʹ©ٳݺ󷽡һָ˼
Ӻһƪǳģ˵Ȼ˶شʵδŪ壬ȱ
ĵһϣȻΪһʵ˶ͶߣбҪʱضⳡ
˶ǵĻعˡƽ԰˾(ѧ)ٻعˣ˶
˵ʵģǡܽᣬʷܽᣬڡй˷˼
һķУһĿȻǱҪԼдʷ
      ҪԼдʷҰҲ̫һ㣬ǰʵҲûġ
ƽдģɼ䡰ʵ롰Ρˡ޴ҳӾ壻̫
ʷǡ֮ɽ֮ˡʮʷǰᣬûҪԼд
ʷġǣȻִʷʷ֮ᣬȻʶˡԼ
дʷ
      룬ҹϡǿҵġԾġѵġʵĹʶҲ
ôΡֻϣһʵǡɺƽ      

()㳫

      ˣҽ飺
      һʱټһۻᣬԲ¼»ɽ꡶찲š
һ֣̽ɵ˺ѧߵͬϽ̬Ⱦܵض԰˾ʷ
Щʵ˻Ὠɡ֮֡
      ڵʷȥٿԹ㷺ռ
ġߵ˾һЩؼʷʵ
      ϣע˾ѧʷʵӦе֧֡
ʷζǣ˾ѧȫǧԪľ䵽ɫɫ
ķѧУһꡰ顱İ˾ѧֻõ˾
ȫѧתļǧԪҲǮ棬ɵ¹ʻ
棬ֻӡ˶ٱ(ع뷴˼)Ҷɼλ¹ͬѧ
      ¶ʮգȫʮλ˾ͬѧ绰飬ͬһ˾
ȫ磬ռ˾ʷϵļƻܴ֮Уе
ｨҵE-mailַhan@inf.enst.fr硣
      ع뷴˼µַʹ(ʮ)
      Lai Yin Forum e.v.
      c/o Dr. Hu Bo
      Fleming Str. 127
      81925 Munich
      Germany