

˼й

˼ۼǽ


   


      ĩĻ԰вС䣬紵
ɫ¾ߺ˼ѧߣԭйѧԺоԺ
ѧѧɽѧνڣӢţѧմѧ
ѧʽڣйѧϯǽĽ̸

F

ǣ˾֮ᣬڹٷһӢ¼Ĳ
ձרĶйСйλֲͬ
߻Ϊӡ
գʵй֪ʶӴӵġǵһ˵
Fһǡnever forgetһǡ never forgive
ʲôð飬Զԭ㣬Զ㣬Ҫʡ
Լǡforget͡forgiveϴ󣬴Լ

      ֮ңΪѧԺʱ
Ҿ͵˺ľǡһŰ˾ȫʮۻϣ
ǡйְ˾ҵвΪʲôҪҲڡ
ġʲôã֮䳤ϵĸ磬
ҶǵĽ˼

ǣǵιԺ
գһŰ˶һŰ˾굣ĵڶоճʱ
ԭҪźľģ˵æҪڹԶڹԶ͵˵һ
ںľ˵һڹԶ˼ȽϽţʱ˵
ǳͬҪео󣬲ǷΪ
һʼ͸һڲС˼оѸ˼
Ͷ˼жܳҵʱΪ˼岻ǽǿ
ͷ񶨵ġ˲յĹ۵㣬ָ˼ǿԱ֤αġ
۵ܵľУ˵Ұ˼忴αѧ(ǣʵӲ
յڿ϶˼ǿѧ)ǵģΪֻпѧǿ
֤αģǿѧǲܱ֤αġҵ˼˼бʵ֤Ϊȷ
Ҳбʵ֤ǴݣҪҪЩ󣬷ʱĶ
Կհ׵㣬ҪԲ䡣Լͬоƣü
˼塢塢ë˼롱ֵᷨʵֱ̱
ᷨйͳĵͳĹ۵㡣Ϊ˼岻ͬ壬ͬë
˼롣Դ˼壬Ľ۲һë˼һ
ȫΨ壬רǿʶ̬áҵȻ
ΪľǽܡҵΡ˼оʱǿ˼
ԡ⣬еضԴ˼屾ǻָ˼
ʵġԪġŵġЩ棬һʼͺ͵ѧԺԺ
ľкܴ硣

ְ

ǣйһ߾һŰ˾ʮһȫ
ϣĿķԣܲ׷һµʱ?
գһ߾ϣй壬һ
ĳ׶ΡȺټѧԺ־ı༭飬
дңҲ׼ҵķ£˵뷴ӳ
Ⱥܵԣ˵С춸۽ĺܡ(ʱֽ
¶־ʿܵ)һֱһŰꡰȾʱľ
ȺǶһˡ
      ʹջһŰ˰ʮ¼ʮһȫʮۻ
ҵķԡǵʱѡᣬֲͬδ롣ʱ
֡ϼ䶼ȥμӻ顣˵ȥμӻû˵ˡ
Ϸһ˺ľԷԾȾͷɻ˶Ҷ
ˣҪˮڹԶЩеƽΪǲû
𶯺ܴڻϻ˽⵽ڻǰһ۹Ҫ
֮Ҳݣݲһ죬Ƿһµĸ屾
ԭĸҪȫһСеĳԱң˵屾ĳӣ
˵һ˵?Ҿ屾ڻϷԣôһǸҪ屾Ҳ
δͨľȺ֮˶ҹ춻
      ˽⣬ǶǵӰܴѧУѧ
˼壬ŵҲ˵˼塣ľҲ֪һ
۵㲻Ϸչʹͻ񶨹ν˼壬ʵҲ
Ϊʲǫ̂?ۼкۣܶ˹Ϊʶ̬Ŀ̨

ǣȨ߿ġΣԡհ?
գһŰȾʱң˶޼գΪҫ̨ϡһ
Űڷɻ˶кҫ̨ˣȺǴ㣬׼
һǿڶ˵ʮˣңͮҲСһ
˴֮ᣬٴȡϵ̬ȣרȥʵ
СƽΪʲôڱӻ˵òִ٣ֻ˼˵Ĳ
ˮҡ⡢ȻۣǾˮ⡰Ȱ
￪۵ҵʱʶң˵һ仰д
˺ܶ£Ըĸ￪˺áͲܰҿˣͳҵ
һְ

˶˼Ĵ󸽼

ǣΪ굣йѧԺ˼塢塢ë˼о
ڵʶԣܲܶ˼ϵһ?
գΪ˼岻һ̶ϵ漰ȽϹ㡣˾ѧ
˵ܶණΪһϵ˼ûŷ޵Ĵͳ˶
ո˵壬һС˹
˼һ仰˼˼룬ǡÿ˵ɷչһ
˷չ˼տǵ˵Ľšնʱ˼Ľ
ӦʵʣƶʵҪϵսԺͲԡ
Ľʹ˼˵ı壬йִҵ
һרۻݺë󶫣רͻ׼ˣǿʶ
̬ã뿪˼ԽԽԶ
      Ҫо˼壬ҪҪ˴ĸӣص˼Ȼ
򵥵ġص˼Ҫÿ͹ʵʺµĿѧɾ˼壬
ͷչ

ǣҪҵġ˼˼塱޳˹֡ë󶫵
󸽼ӡڲǷ?˼˼塱Ƿ˹
۴?˹˼ûСĸӡ?
գ˹Ǻ˼һµġ˼۹淶ˣͨ׻
ˣҲ򵥻ˡӶ˹ġۡ˼
ɲ֡ռ˼϶˹˺ܴãʧȥ˼
ԡ˹ȤҪھϡڡսУ˹
ᵽʱĺƽչ⣬˵ӰҲܴ

ǣΪ˼еı֤αˣе(Ψʷ)δ֤αܲһ
?
գ˼УѾʵ֤ǴĶȽϵ͵Ӧ˵һǡ
׼һС⡣оǡΣۡ
ǡûƷҡ⻹С˽׼ƶ
½ƹɡΣͽ׼񻯡˽׼ʱ
ĹˡʱɥѾ족۵㡣˼Ŀһ
룬ǳȱо彨ƶȱоʱ
ɡȨҲǿ
      Ψʷ˼ĺġйûгķչ֮
ǰȴξƶȵĽΥΨʷۡ½ѧ߻ʽƽ
дһѧ˵塷о˼Ĵ½ѧ߷Ϊѧ
˵ɡѧкľҡΣ˵ˮ
͸й˼Ϊѧ˵壬Ƿʵۡ
ΨʷǿľãرǿѧѧҲ޲
ɡйĸĸ￪û֤α֤Ψʷۡ

ǣй˼оУǱȽһֿ̬ȵˣʲô
ԭɵ?
գһΪйһѧĸʶ·ߺͽ
˼Σ˼Ҫ˼룬ʶ˼壬ڹԶ
ΰ֡ںƳɵȣ֮һڶҶϸ˼
ӴñȽ硣һŰ꣬ҵ˹μӡϡۻᡣ
˵Ψһİģģ˼塢
ɶһμӻ顣Ӵ˸ѧɣ˽⵽ֹ۵㡣ڹ
Զ޳ȥμֻ飬عҪҽܻĸֹ۵㡣Ҳǹڽ練
˹ֵģҲΪڹʻ֪˲¼ࡣ˹ÿ
궼УȥΡ(ǣ}˹ͳ˼ĳ˺
á)ҪʵɣȻȽԭĹӪжԽ
˳á

Ϊһѧɣ˼岻ʱ

ǣڰйڵĹ弫ȨУ˼ʶ̬
ȨλϱᣬоǷ?緶Χ˼
Ϊһѧɵо֮״ǰ?
գͶŷ̨ᣬ۽˼кü֡һΪ
˼ʱˣӦȫ̷񶨣һΪӦ˼塢
˹壬ǰѱ֤Ǵؽͷչǰ˼
屾ȻкܶҪ޸ĺĵطûȫʱѧ
ȽϹϵǣ˼ӰȽϴھѧ棬رھʷ档
Ϊʱĵһ˻˼ǻо
۷棬˼ռҪĵλһûоϴҵ
ݶſ˴ѧμ˼ۻᣬܳо۵ĵĽڶǴ
˼ġ

ǣҪ漰˼ļ?
գҪǡһѧѧָ塷͡ѧָ塷˼
ʷѧӰҲȽϴӢŴѧʷѧϵаٷ֮ʮĽо˼
ģӦ˼ķһMarxsianľǡ
˼ġǡ˼ߡָ˼(ins
pire)ģԳƲMArxsitMarxsian ˼۵
ģҲ˵õ˼ķӶ壬ΪҪ
йνġ˼ߡҪãҲһMarxsi
anҲ޳ְ˼嵱ɽġ˼ߡйȨ
ġ˼ߡ

ǣ˼Ǿ˼屾ԣ緶Χ˵ʷ
ļֵ͵λġΪһо⣬һַۣ
һ
գԡҺ˵κ˼룬˼嶼Ϊָ˼룬һ
һΪָ˼룬ȻҪ˻Ϊ岻Ǵƽȵλ
ǿȱܡ˵ԭйΪʶ̬ռر
λ˼Ѿʱ˼Ϊѧһ֣Ϊ˼
ʷϵһѧɣԶҲʱ
      ˼屾Ҳʷ˼ǲͳĽ
˼ΪͱȻҪйʷϵʵҲڲ
ģĺͿ׷ӵѾһˡ˼µʷ
˼壬˺ܶµ⡣˼˼ʱΡá
ѧûᵽ˼Ҫʵóо
ѧ⣬⣬⣬⣬⣬ŮȨ⡣
Щ˼ûнóоˣԱȽӡȥһȥ
һģҪԪ(ǣ}ʮڹھѧڡĻ㱨д
Ҫչ˼ıȽо)ͦõġЩҲ
ִ壬ṹ壬ѧĿܿöŵģԪģ
еоǵ˼оص㡣

˼ִ

ǣҪЩһ˵ƺѡйϰն˼֮ƺ
һȻһЩʣħһһܴ⡣

գֵûԭ˼˷Сһ
žŶڼݺӱߴѧᣬۡ˼δȥй
Ҹ㡣ǰģڿģǵģǵģ
ѧۣ˵֣Ǵҳ˶
˼̫ˡһλǰѧ˵ûгԹ˼塱
ͷ
      ˼һʱѶῪһܴչ
ᣬ˼׽춺ķ˹صĹо
޳ǰ˼дɸmarxismsһžŶڲʿ
ѧ˼ۻᣬʱٶ˲μӡһܺļӣ
˼ʱⱾ˽⵱˼окô
漰˼оĸ򣬻оʹ˼ؽ͸
ִƶеηչһЩΪ̫羭ͣ
ʧҵ߶ȵİµİܻ̲ʧܣ嶷ȵȡ
ǶΪִʱıײЩ⣬˼廹õġ

ǣйִĽ̶ԣ˼лûлݣ
춡컯͡˵塱춡˵Ľš۵ȵȡ
գĵȻл壬á컯۷۶Ǹᣬ
Ҫ塣Ϊʲô˵컯?컯۷ִĹҵ
ִ˵˼컯ۣб֤õģȫ
񶨣һַۡѧ˼ĸ⣬ؽ⣬Ϊ
ͶŷĿ̨Էչ˼кôΪ˹ֵĽָ
úרԼ˼巢չֹ۵㣬ֵй˼
оѧ˼



ǣġ˼ۡһУʶʶ˼
壬ʶ壬ʶʱ塣塱Ǳν
Ūҵһοӵڶŷ(Ҫŷ
ŷ)?
գҳŷִĹңŷΪ壬
йΪ塣ǰ¼ίԱϯ÷Үһ
ѧߣ˵˼ԭǶԵģڲͬ·֧ˡһ֧
ƳĲ˹̹ڷҵʷƽ˼壻һ֧
Ĺң塣ͨͬľ߾֤
·߲ͨġۣǻΪ˼壬ر
˼͹ܷϡΪ˼Ϊһ
ȻӦò۲군ˡʷ֤ŷ
١

ǣðϲͬľƶԡ塱͡ʱ塱֣Ƿ
㹻ĸ?
գ־ƶȷʵвͬʱһƶȡʱ
ʲôһ?ʱһɾ趨һĿȻ
ȥȡȴǲʲôҪȡɣǾ˼
ʧʱڷչҲܶ⣬иΣǾΣ
ΣвƶȵıʱصǿԷͨ
취

ǣνġʱҡУӢŷ޴½ңơ
ߡСĳɷռ൱ı
գķչΪʲô˵ʱҪʶִʱѾ
ͬ˼ʱʱͳʱ塣ʱʱ˵
壬еı˹ʱ壬еĳ˸ңеı˼ʱ


ǣ춡۹塱ǿ϶?
գ춵۹۲ȫȷָǡ¢ʱ塱Ƕ
ġڽʱķչУӦóе۹һ롣

ǣղ˵ͣڵʲôʱ?;Ʊ˵
Ҫмƻгõ֡ǿľǼƻá
գԳΪʱ壬˵ʱȫûмƻҲáձ
ڷҼƻ˺ܴáʱļƻǿƵļƻ
ȷҵļƻ(ʵָ)Լڿ
ʱңɻϰڿڵ(ǣ}
ھϵļƻܶܶ࣬ȽйණȴһҲûмƻ
ڳԶķ档˰ա̬)ϢĿϾͲˣ
Ծ÷չӰܴйĽУмƻӰ񾭼á
ģڲϵΣĳеԼﵽơŷһЩ
ҿƵʽ൱󣬾ܹҵҵһܶ࣬յ˰ȴܶࡣ


гõĳ׶κ
巧ʱ塱

ǣйǰľƣʲô?
գһľйеƶȣں̶ܴϲ˼
й⽨רľɴͳ˹´ͳĽ塣йĸ￪
ľƣ˵Ʒõĳ׶Σгõĳ׶ΡгҲ
гõĹɺ͵±׼йðƻгò
ŷгõĳ׶ҲƵΣŷ޵ʱںĵ
йǰľ֮󡣷ʼʱмʣҲƭ
ӣЩ˷ˣʧй⼸Ҳи㼯ʷƵģ˵
Ʒõĳ׶Ρ

ǣСƽй巧ʱ塱Դһ
˵
գйһרȨУûƽȵľʵϲߵ
ʱ塣ָгõתУȨײȨǮף
г۴ʱȨܶǸ߸ӵյģ巧(nepotic
)ҳ֮Ϊ巧ʱ塣Сƽ巧ʱ춹ʱ塣
صǹű¶棬ǵӵڷơ˷ʽ
ô˵޲׼ʱŲ˵ֻԪܶʵ
ǵӵ(̫ӵ)ȴƴƣʱʣڸĸ
ȨƣеǹţеĲǹţеǰǹڲˡ
巧ʱȹʱ˼ҵĲƸ־¶Ѿﵽ
Ԫ

ǣйгû˽лĽУֹʱ巧ʱ
ûл?
գ˵ƶáֻǴһרƶг
ƵĽʹ巧ʱΡȨϵż
нһ͹ϴٽ˷λķչһܴ
巧ʱĻۺ춹ڵĽ衣ʱڷչв
ִĲҪ춹ڵͶʡйִ巧ʱȴ
ҪͶʺ⣬й÷չû棬ڶԺͶʴԼʮڡһ
ἫĲйء

ƽݱ

ǣйڲ֯͹ṹȽ˽⡣۽Ϊĵй
ĵǰξ?
գй˲һ֡ɸѡ΢ǵˡǰҵĽӴ
ͷԱȽҸ˵ŵо˼йǰ;
ûǰ;˵ڵй壬˼壬˭Ҫ
?ʱͬҵĿйٷ߲㣬еͷԵǺҫ̸
ûйϵһ㼶ĸɲҲȽϺã̸
ۣΪ˹Ϊ˹򹲲ͬǻص˼Ǹʱ
ǰѵһǿƻɱеġ
      ԽڻѿһȽ϶ҡˡǰȴ
ң֡ҫᣬڡ羭õ¼нձְ
ʱġһ仰û˵Ķ
˵ʹܱʱܽţ˼Ҫ˵
ձ֣˵ֻҪ֣ϻְָ񡣼ң֪ԭϺ
ձ˶졣˵ǲܵģҪ˵һҲԡʱ
ҡ̨϶̨
      ҾýҪĵλƿԴ򡣵һǷ̰ۣǷ
ȥҪù̫ҲҪù巧ʱҪڶΪ
ƽȨƻó壬һ
һϣƺȽ϶֪ʶӺϰյ
һϣѾ˼֡һȥмίһίԱ˵
ʲô?ֻһ۱һ۵ģҪ˾ûˡҲˡҪ
ܴʲô̶ȡ

ǣйҪʵ൳ƺ͡롱
ӡ˾ʶ̬ķ롣йڵ£
Ƿʵ?˵εĺƽݱǷ?
գΪйҪһ취ְֻ취һǴ
ϵ£ܷʵܷҪܷỹ
ܡҲ֧֣֪ʶҲ֧ܷ֡Լʹ
һרȥԾרıҪһһǴ
ϣȡѡ½ڽеĴίԱѡ١
ѡٱȽձ飬㲻оҪΪã
⻹áɡڽ̡ڡӰ쵽
֧ѡ١⵱ȻǷ⽨˻ĵҲʧΪ
һĵ·춾õķչǵĿ½ȥġ
̨ľµϵӰܴڵطѡѡ˺ܶ಻ǹ
ĳԱʱһרˡԹʩѹʹ
ܣǺƽݱ䡣

ǣᵽʯġȨڶʱй쵼Ľзʱһ
ЩʯΪᷨĸݺ?
գʯ֪ʶӺϰһӰ죬ĵλģ
ʲôرı֡ε˴ίԱĵλʹܹܷ
ĶõһȨܲһ㣬һ⡣
ķչֻһ·ҪרȾҪܣ
Լһ¹Ȼ𽥰һרһ֯ƶȣܴ
ҵĵ·

Ȩ

ǣȥ귢ٸйεĶԻ¼Уᵽй
չĸָΡ߼ʱϵһ׶ΣԴ
?
գҲĽн׶εģĸ׶Σн׶εľ
ĸθĸϣٽ˵̸ҲΪ
һԷȻҪͨܵõǵȴٵȴȵ
һ˲ȡġΪĳһĻ,ĻԶǾ÷չ
ϰҲ޳ɰѾ÷չв׼˵ǰ
ȡĹУͬԷչã׳в׼Ҫθĸ뾭ø
ѿҲ޳˵˵峯ܳɹûû
оսսйöˡ֡û塣Ҳ
˵˵ûзȡӢİ취Ρ
      ˵ǵĶ̸飬һûпǵ飬Ҳۿ
Ը׼ȷЩ

ǣ˵һ¶ԡȨ塱
գȨ˵ȨǾɵȨΤȨ
ͳ(traditional)(charismatic)ͷ(legal-rational)Ȩǰ
ǿ˵ȨרƶϵǾȨȨǵС
ƽǿһˣǲеġ⣬ſӢǿ
ڵĲͼලҲкܴ⡣йӢ֪ʶӣй֪ʶ
ٷϵСȻ֪ʶгһЩֲͬߣ
춹ٱλơһҵҾҪһ㡣й֪ʶҪӹٷıɰ
ȻΪǹٷĲг·йûгֹ֪ʶӽײ㡣
йĲ֪ͬʶӱȽ϶֪ʶӢʵ
ѵġҲ˵ҪȨΪҪȨҪ͵
ȨܷȨй֪ʶҪһŬȡʵȨ

оӼȨת

ǣѧѧǰԼ߷̸ԲμӰ˾˵һѧĵ¼
ֵһ粨Ŀ?
գĻȷʵʹ½׹䡣ָĳһΡ
ΪĳЩ˽ˣ˵һ˵⡣ѧ˵˾һ
ѧĵ¼ֵ⣬δ̫ƫ
      ڰ˾Уѧ˴ͷãӦÿ϶ɱȻ
ҲǶۡȥ֮ᣬμ˵ʿκз˼ȡ
ѵǵð˾ʱʼѧҪڵİտΣң˵տôܹ
?Ҫһ㡣糿ϼ￪ᣬҷ˵ǰ
ƺ͹ĲԣΪѹǱȻģ˵Ҫˣ·˵ǻ
塣

ǣ¾һܺõдڵдƻʲô?
գдһ춴ӼȨת飬ҪǽйͬʱҲ
ŷȽϣĿڿ֮Сܰͼ̫Сϲҡ
ǣллôʱ䡣Ԥףдƻɹ


