·߳

--ȡɵķʽ໥ϵ()

(ʮ)


 ƽ


ġ淶ṹ

  ֪ڰ¶ɭ(ֱΪѡ)֮ǰ
ѧѾصйͬоͬ۽ˡ
Ҫǹ淶ۺͽṹۡ

1¹淶

  淶ΪжĲάֿṫֵԼЩΪ
淶ķʡĽҲǾϵйеĵ
һȷֹ淶ǾͻԾͶ뼯ж˵ʧ
춴ĵλͬʱҲڵļ轱ͷǿơ
  ҿ淶۴жһʮҪķ档֮Ը
ͶĳһжΪȷ׷ĿȷģӶ
ΪԼλȻ߶֪ȫԲȡԹ۵
̬ȣ㳵ɣΪǲʵģͱκڵĽ
ͷʹͶ뼯ж
  ȡ˼ɵĶǼشġش
Ҫȡɵ˶֮Ϊ˶
  ԶҪͶȡ˼ɵĶΪԼһֵΣǰ
Ǳ˼ɵĺͼ̵ֵ֪ڹȥܳһ
ʱڣܶ˶زѹ˼ɵ˶ϵӵǸѹ
˼ɵļȨƶȡ˵˵ʱǵĵ¶䣬˵ر
˵ʱǵʶ󡣲ʶ̬Ƿɵģǣ
Ǽ򵥵ءֱӵطɣͨһϵиӵ֤Ťɵı壬
ʵ֡ɡ͡ɡ£ɱǱ
ϣ֮ءϵؽ˼죬Ҳǻһֳ
ĵ飻ֻϧô˵طѡսúãڶ£
ĸķ򣬽֮ԭ״̬γɻĸЩ
֣ڵ˼ǣһ˼ɵ
壬תΪ˼רơȡ˼ɵӢսʿ
  ɴ⡣һҪ˼˶Ҫͳط
ǲμ˼ֻ֮ġǷ񶨹
๲˵껳ΪΪ顣ǵǰֻĸ
;ȷķڷ˼˶ͬʱҲŷ
ǵֻĸ飬ƱضµĮ
ȡ˼ɵĶڶȻͨŤ˼ɵﵽ˼
ɵĿģôȡ˼ɵĵһ·˼ɵı壬
Ȳ˼ɵΰԭ򣬳顤ƲԣһĹΨ
һ취ӵȷԭǵͬġ

  2

  ʷǣȷԭܵе˵ԶʤҪ
֤ԭĵ벻˸Ǵһ
ܳʶЩɶʿΰáէһȥɶʿΪֱ
ìܵģһΪøɶԸɥʧеɣѵì
𣿰ѡۣΪѵǺܲԡܲǵʵ
˸ԭΪɶ⵽
ֵķɱȥǺʧȥԼǣʱʤ
ΪԭܾƣԶ˵ԶְȥǺ
ʧȥ˽λһҵĽϺû᣻Ϊʤ
Ϊ춼˵ľĽ֮Ч֮ġĴһѹ
ѹַͨʽá˵һΪ¼ᣬ
һԱ˵˵٣ͷͻԭеĵ޵
ɵרƾ棬˴ӱϿ˵ߵΪûлʲôЧ
ʵϣǵΪȴڵڵǿЩ
ڵΪʶ壬Ȼ˵Ըڵֺô;
Ĵǰ̣ǲܲʹ˼ʲôǶԵģʲôǴġЩ
ڵΪҪߵڸĸ·ӣΪڵƶĸЧΪ
ԸʱһЩίǣ˵ȴͨԼΪ
ΪѾһ˵ܳܵ޶ȡ˵Լ
ʹߵɵ˵ߵĴڣ߷
Ŀʣ˳˹Ϊʲôˣ˵ڵ
ڵڵã˵ڵܹӵø󡣿ǣ
ֻش㶼ᷢԼʵʵڵضһЩ顣ڽܸŬ
͸Чڵƶĸ֤ĵסɴ˿ɼһС
Զ˵һʱ仹ɶԹĳشٻٽڵ˼
仯ٽڸĸɵĸĸԸжġ˵˵Ϊǿ
ɵһ͹ţڵɹǾ
ڻˡ

3ü

  ǰȡ˼ɵĶУ¹淶Ƿǳشģ
ҲܶԵ¹淶ùƹߡϾʵУÿһ˶
ǽݵϵǷǶԴжṹΪ˲뼯жΪ
Ǿйͬĵ¹淶ΪǾйͬĸ档˼ǿ
ھʶǿ׼ֺͽ׼Ĳɱ⣬ں̶ܴ
ҲԹṹۡ
  ȫͬ⣬κμжУͬ涼һȱٵءûй
ͬ棬ûйͬжһ˵ĹͬԽ࣬һ˵ļ
Խһ˶ԹͬʶԽǿһͶʵ
ļж ĿԾԽߡȡ˼ɵĶУ֪ʶӵĲ̶
ˣٿԽΪ˼ɸϵ֪ʶӵ档ѧ
ֶÿÿȷɫȻֺУ԰໥Ƶ
γȺйءݽṹۣǿԷ֣Ȩ˼ѹԽ
ձ飬Ϊʹȡ˼Ͼйͬ棬Խ
׵´ģȡ˼ɵļжйģ˼ɻ˶
ڡĸƽ֮ᣬӦòżȻġȻͬĵֲܲ
µʣǾǣȨͳαýΪԣ˼֮ýΪ
ڲٸеԼǰֱܵӵѹƣôȡ˼ɵ
ǲǻ˶أ
  ã¼ֵ÷
  һ˵Լж˵Ǹ
жͬǹˣΪơƻǹ˽׼¸֮
Ϊɾܴٽ˵档ǶԹͬⲻһ
ǲһμӹͬļжʱֱӪ޿ɷ
ǣͶֺ֧Ͳμ˹ƶȣΪ׷棻
תԹѵҲΪ׷棿ṹۺ
ʶϵǧͱ仯Ǹ۵һشȱݡ
  ڶǰͳԶδһµģͼҲδǺ
гġΪңȫ֪ɷ棻еר
ǿ󣬴ɵʵƺңңڣôҲͻΪ»ǲ
ɻ˶Ϊȡ͵뱣һ¡̬Ҫʵݵöࡣ˵
֪ʶӵĹͬ͹ͬҪʵȻϾֹɴǽ
ֹһ۵ɣǽֹĳһЩ۵ɣֹĿΪά
һЩ۵¢ϡˣһ˵˼۵պ춱ά֮УδԸ
Ͷȡɵļжվڷɵһͬ
ڣȻزͬҪѡصġ
  ṹۺ˶ԸΪķ޷ͺ޷㳵
ɵ⡣ǳϴͬ߱ضŹͬҪ󣬵һ
˽ǴӸͲǻͶ뼯жԹ
ɡʵϣ¶ɭѡۣں̶ܴԽṹ۵һ
ġ

4ǿ븱Ʒ̼

  ڰ¶ɭҪٽĳֹͬ棬Բְ취
һǿơǿƹ˰һ춵ĸ˲ϳ
ʵĹ衣ǿþߵİ취ֹЩϲμӰչ
ɡṩƷҽѧṩɷ񣬵ֻ
춻ԱʹüѧΪһ顣ְ취Ҳ
ǵ⡣1ǿƣ˭ǿƣִǿҲһּж
βģǿӺζ2ṩƷӼж
ƷļֵǲμӼжĴۣμӼжȻ
һôж壿˵㹻
ĸƷԺδ˵ȵȡ
  ˵˶Ƚײְ취ɭϣС
ҪܵͷġǶ˽⵽깲ԱϰղμӺԼ
֧ԮЩƷдȫǻ춶Է
ĸԸٲǿֶΡˮתӢۺúɽ
ЩǱٸƵģЩʵǱƵģһЩǱ߹ͬƵġ
󶼷Сɽɽ߼򰵵ŵμӸ
ȨзֵȨЩûвμӸųȨ֮
ҲԿһָƷָ̼ŵ
ɽɽ෴ʼǿҪ񵱼һʤ
̸˵¡ڼ䣬Щʿ
Ժ͡׮ţ𹲲ļ󷴸Се֮һǣ
ɽǧģôñɣ
  ǱġּȡļжҪȡְ취ͱȽˣ
ļжʵļɣΪȱǿֶΡʵĳǿ
ֶΣʵҲ˵͵ѹڰ˾УһЩμӰտʾѧ
ͼݺͽſþߣЩϲμӰտζͼݺͽҵͬѧ
Ȱ˵ָ𼥷Ҳ˶ѡκδģķǱ
УŶҪȡĳƵǿֶΡΪǿֶʵʩ
ѹѹ˶ķǱʲìܡ⣬˶Ŀ
ǶȡȨǿƽȵβ룻ˣֱӵԱṩ
ĸƷ̼ȻǿԺƲ⣬һ˶ȡʤЩ
˶϶๱סϴ۵˺ܻܿӮڵľ
ǺܻܿᱻƾٵιְǵõʽİǱϾ
ȷ£Զµĸôаա
  Ӧ˵ṩʵĸƷ̼ȷǼǿжһҪֶΡȻ
Ŀ춼ɵĲΪҲϹԭ˭˵۹
ǲأǣ˶ȲܣҲӦʵС¡ô
ΪṩʵĸƷ̼أʵϸ˵º
Ʒ̼ͬġΪ͵Ĵֻ̼ڼж󹦸֮
иĻᣬķ֮ܶУǵòʲôôġ
δĽͼֲֵµķմۡ˵ЩԴָ
ֻΪȡһְٰȻϺʵɴ˿ɼƷ̼Ȼ
żǿж湦ܣǶЩվ޴ļжԣְ취
ɲóûΪּܶжͲܷ


5ģԼжӰ

  ˵ڷרȡɵķǱжУǼȲʵжǿ
ƣֲṩЧĸƷ̼ôӦΪ
أȺĹģСҪðһЩȺ̫ˣڴ
ĿʱΪѱֱ棬ӻ㳵׵óѡȺģ
С໥֮佻ࡢ˽ȡжУ˭࣬˭
٣˭̤ʵ£˭͵ˣﶼбʡǿǵԼͽ
Ľ춳Ϊߣɴ˾ͻȻγһЭйظ͸˵Ĭ
ѧ߹ϰԼۡʵ¶ɭҲȺ
ģСչжĵ֪Щŵл
μӼжˣǿԶԼĵʧȻ֮һ˵
ܻϣԼĹ׵õ˵Ŀ϶Ҳ˵ϣõľ
ֿ϶һСģбȽ׻ãҲȽùƽ

  йɻ˶зڴУǱδضΪ
طȱں̶ܴϣƫԶ
ѵõĹעȻͬʱҪеķȴ˶Ե(ʱ
)ⲻжЧҲӰͶжĻԡ
νйɻ˶Ķ⡣һ˶Եúǰε˶û
ʲôԣ˶Ĳμ߳ǰ˶ȱ˽⡣Ӧ˵Ҳ
йĹģ̫һϵ£μòӦе
ϡһ棬ǰΪֻйֲżǵһ
ķոһ棬˶Ĳμ߶ǵ˽٣ֺ
µ˶зҪáһ˶ƣôé®ַ
һ ӻø֪һ˶Ҫԣ
һ춾ĴУ춼ڲĽһֻ
űȻãȫű¾͸áһμӲ
μӣϵ粻ϵɵľ棬㳵ɵͻ
Ҳͻ֮ˡ
  
6ٷߵıҪ

  ģСԼжӰ죬ƺṩ㲹䡣ѧ
ָһģӴʵרҪȽЩԭ֮һǣ
ר߸׷ǵ֯ơרصͳ֯ϰ
֯֯֯ԼԷɢĸˣǰȻռˡǣʲô֯
֯޷ͬܲȡͬжȺĹģԽСǻͨ
ЭжҪĳɱ(ʱ)Խ֮ͣԽߡʿѹס
ʮˣΪֻҪ߰˸˴ͨһһ붯֣Ʒ
ʿǣʿҪסʮ˾׶ˣΪü
ͬʱȡжһڶԽҪ˽⵽𴦷Ϣ
ԽҪߡȻͳ¢˴ߣ˷ͺܲ״
ﵽȫᡣĹģԽСߵþԽСڿഫԭʼʽ
ҲԽ
  ǾͶԱĵڶɹøˡƩ
˵ǽ俯һȿԴڵ£ΪʲôϰԼ
½ٷ﷢أΪٷӡԶԶ俯һ
俯ӡϼٷǧݣһӵʮ֮ڵй˵
𵽵δ̫΢ˡ˿ֻһǧЧǰ
ϡ˵й俯(¿)ȻʵϷ˲̫С
Ӱ죬ʵһ˲ĳɾ͡
  Ϊйعڣߵøشʹ˲òѾ
ùٷԼ˼롣ҪùٷĴߣͱ
ͨٷ飬Ҫڱ﷽ʽϾи߶ȵμɡӦ˵
йʿһ൱ɫ̼˼ǳɹ
ùٷĴ߶õ㷺ĴһŰġ͡Ⱥ
мȨľҲԡоС壬ֱ߾
Ͱ˶ɹٷʽ(鶼ǳ˾ų)
˾˵ľ֤йɻ˼൱㷺ĻҺ
޳ֹݿ˾˵壬Ϊǰ˾˴ŷޱĹ۵㣻
ǣֵ͹йʿĹף͹˼йĹ۵㣬
ҲͬԹͬ
  ùٷ߻һַʽǾùٷ˼йж
÷ЧǶԵֵĲθԽǿֹеķЧԽ
ЩԷǹٷϵķѵΪӰСŹٷ
зõķɻ˶ְʿ
ȥȺСЩ۱СģȺڳ½
ģ˲ࡣֵɢø˳˼ʶһ֮
ЩеĹ۵е
  ˵ùٷɻǵΪ
ɻϾľԡΪվȨȻ
СʿƾŻ¸ң춱仯ıԼ͹ڵᣬ
ùٷĴ߲ǵʶǱڵķ
ƴһšĹվز٣ỹǱҪ͵ֵı
潻档ֻ潻п˵ʤǲӮɡ
ùٷΪ˼ҲƵ⡣Ϊֲ޲ɼ
һ棬ҪѹƲͬɱһӰ֮Чһ棬ֻᾡ
ŤͷЩѹƵľݣԼ˼ĴȾáУ
ѹʱᾫĵѡĿ꣬רҶԷı֡
˿ɼǲܶԹٷߵķЧƹߡ춿ض
Ĺռ䡣

塢ɾ

1ҪϵĶ

  λѧĹ춼жۣ϶ᡣ
ǿɵس֯ɵرԼҪǲμЩ
ֱܵġȨͬȨǱﲻͬȨ
ȨμȡɵĶҪðشյġǽݸ
£ôǸͲͶĶǣĶվǷˡ
ȻѡԽ͵ģˣǱǲμȡɵļж
Ķչһ̽
  ڡʷսˡ(The End of History and the Last Man)һ
Уɽ(Francis Fukuyama)ָʷǽڡΪԵ϶
ԭ֮ϵġҪ׷ǡ˵˿Ҳ˵Ҫ˰
Ϊһء֮Ϊˣȥð
ȥʵԼǱģҪϵŸʷԭ

  Թ˰չҪӹһΪѡۣ޷
ŵĳͻ˫Ե֮£Ŭʹ۶ȡ档縣
ɽԣֽδ˫Լ򵥻ˡչ߲˵
Ϊ̰ƣҪӹøĽǮչ롢
˵һùˡұõĹʸмֵӦõõ
ʣŹƽӹʿԽһ㹤˵棬ͬ
Ҫ춸ΪҪǣǻʹ˸еԼΪһ˵ϺͼֵõӦ
ĳϡǵ˹ָ֮ƶ󸻣Ϊ˵Ҫ
Ϊ侫ϵ𡢽١ִ˵ƶֻһ
Եĸǲ˵һȱٴ̼ƶΪʲôҲ
ܣΪñƲִ˼ƶһ
̵Ķ
  ɽҪϵԸΪʷĶֹ۵Ժڸǣ
γɳϻĸȴǺڸķѧһϣҲ
һִҶϤԸйءֻڲͬѧұ£˲
ͬƶѡͼΪ˵ΪݣһΪһΪԣһΪ
űҪһĻά˵׷٣
˹˵˵Ľ٣¬˵˵𣬺ֶ˵ѷ˵ģ
˳յҰޡ(νյҰޡ˵ǻĶ
Ҳ˵м顢з߿߳ܵĶ)ЩͬĴﶼָһִ干
ͬĶйҲҵƵ˵Ʃ署˽֮߳ģ
޵ҪƩ署˹Ʃ署һ
һ㡱Ʃ署˶Բ׷Ʃ署֮ģѪԣ
ࡣֶȻԵһݡȲܻԭΪҲܻԭΪ
ԡ

2ʶΪ

  ٸǿǵĲǲѹΪǵ
ʧĶʧǻ߿ͺԼС
ʧ˲ﲻһ߿ԭǸеԼܵðɼ˾
ǽƽĶˤһۣһȭҲۡ¸˵ĸ
ͬһ£ǻе衣̲ס뻹ĿĲ
һΪԷܲûнһ˺򡣻Ϊ֤Լǿ
۸ģ֤Լļֵ񶨡֪ڻĹУ
Լⲻ˻తȭɱǧ˰˰١ӮˣҲֻΪ
ԼһЩʹΨз𻹻ǲʹԼеο
ΪǺԼϣ֤ԼļֵֻôΨһ
ѡǰһȭἫٰڶȭǴܶԷܵõ
棻ȴԸٰȭҲҪ֪ǲܴӴܵĶԷ
ϵõʲô档Լǻĳ嶯˰Ҳ
ͬĳ嶯ν·ƽεĳ嶯
ˮǻ̲סһѣ޹ǻ̲ס򱧲ƽ
߶ͬģһ£ǻһַ߿֮顣ͨ
˵ĵߡ߻ʹһںԼֱ޹صϣð
նȡĳжжδػԼʲô棬Լ
𺦣жУŻǿҵظоԼǸˡ
  ˵޷ճ˽еľ顣رÿ˶
һֵġνģֵָּȷϣͬʱҲҪ
õ˵ĳϡ˶ԼĳΪּڷҵļֵҾͻе
ߡ춱˵ѹδֵ飬Ҿͻеʹࡣ
˼ûϢı֣Ҿͻе߳ܡҿѹɸ
ĴҲҪֵַжҾͻее٣
Ҳܵ˵ĳͿ϶縣ɽԣһֻ(׼ȷ˵
һѹŵ)עֻڡ֮ڡһŻԻ
ѪԵˣͻΪԼϺͬϣͶ뷴ѹȵΰ
  һΪøɶԸʧȥеɣìܣΪ
ֻΪ˵õĻأҪģǲ˵ѹȣ
ںԼϣʾԼ־Ƕ
Զֻά˵棬ôȡɵĶûȡʤϣ
Ϊ˵Ķ˰˵кͬģʵƽ
ɼȡɵĶܽΪͬЭӦΪձ
ԵʤҲڹҷķԹרƵĶУܶ๲
Աܶ๲쵼ҪѡͬˣԱѹĸԭ
  ˼оԣѧҶֻǽ磬ҪǸı硣ʵ
˼仰δʣΪѧʵжĳָı
Ĺܡ֮Ҳո˵ʶԼǣ
Լһʶ֮ᣬԼͻúԭδʶġԼһ
һʶ˲ֻһ壬Բֻʵļ
ߣһʶ֮УȷʵϸСлԻҪϵԸ
ǾͻרѹȸеܣԼͳ߶춱
ͳߣǾͻɲǿҵ׷󣬲ԸΪ˸ۣǾͻ
ͶȡɵĶ
  
3ڹȨͳεص

  ڹȨͳεصǣڱڻ£Ե󵼣ŵ
ѹѹűһ壬ҪǳΪ
ˣ˵ͼȤζˣˣȻҪһ
Ψһ;Ļ޲׼۸ԼǱư͵ؽ
Ҳ˵ǽ˹ǹ涨ļֵǣѹԼ
׷󣬲ҰЩֵĶ־Ϊ˷ϰ
ŷšڹȨͳĻַñνʲ׼
׵ķʽеݣԷеŲݡ
һָʿʽĽףʹڵ¼ֵЭԻȡϵĸ
ɴˣƵ߱ƵάߣƱڲ
ȥʱգйȨͳ֮ԻܴڣΪж
ӵֻΪûж˻طʱΪʲô
ʱЩ˴ŻᷴΪʲôһҪԣȥ
Ҳò𣿡
  м춴ˣڽ죬Ǳκʱ򶼸ҪģӢ
İ˵Ϻ塣ҪΪ˶˽˽׷Ȼ¶
ȡȷв֮Ե岻
塣ֻҵңȴҪÿһ˵ҡ
˵úãɵҪĿ֮һʹһȸеһˡһ
УȰԼǹˡ˻֪ʶӣ߿ĳһ̻
ҡɵһԱôɻǺܲġҾ
Ƿȡɵ塣춣ǱǶȨı
Ҫ춰Ƕ׷ɵȡҪһ㣬Ǿͱ
ԽǾͱҪ﹫ǰ潲ûж
ϵԾϣûҪϵǿԸҲͲȡļж

  šСҪϵԸǶԹеĶǿԱ
һʱĵڣԱãʧɱΣǾʧӦ
ֻҵľУԵһΰҪĽɫ˽
Žɵؽۣһ嶼Ϊ¸ʶ̬˵
᣻ͬʱֲܲоƺʧȥЩʲôǵǳ
󣬳ие׷¸塣֪רͳ
ڿͷϴĴ룬Ĵʵȴα
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