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ȻվУһʶظеǦ͸ͬʵصֽţīͨ
ͬɫʣ͸УԲͬաʲôأ
ʹ˼
  ʮڣ׷ʹҿʼ˷ѵ̡ҴĻ
оѹһӿ˼˼ϵĽרԣǿѧԣ
˹ĺԡҸе𾪡ô򵥵ĵһĿȻ
ʵΪʲôҹȥӶǸʱҾͲϵ˼
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  ǵ֪ʶʲôط⣿
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  ǵ֪ʶоݵʲôɫʲôã
  ҾǸĻУ֪ʶĻУ֪ʶӵķ
߳ӷ϶Ѱ磬ͼһǶǸĻ
  ô˵ǸĻУȻؾѣûͽ
εˮسǣǸĻ˵Ϥģһ
ȻǸĻļֵж⣬ǸеԡķдǸ
ĳ̬¡һ֪ʶĻУȴʼһֵĸо
ʱָоŹ¶ʱжԼĻɺ¿졣Ϊ
ABCʽļ򵥵ԾôԽܣôǿҵĶԿĪԼˣ
ʵǰԼҲ޴ִؾܾABC𣬲ҲǸ߾˼
塢ë˼죬Ϊ쵼³ܱ׽ܣôȨ
ΡĻ⣬ҲͲΪ͵Ĵˡ
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ͻĸӵӰ죬ҵľԶҲˡ
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֪ʶУǵһĻУ뵽Щ鱾ľƵļҾ

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Ȼң˼֪ʶѰУڼֵͬУԵʲô
ط֪ʶ׷;̽ʲôϵ

һƲΪ

  Ѯڷش½;УҾ˵ۡϱϷ
Ʋ˽ż˵ݡšʵ춲˽
ӢŪ
  صڶ죬ҾȥӢĵһĿȻ
ңô¡˵һ㲻˽ͲʶƲ
֪ʶУȵķӦǣй֪ʶӶͷǵķӦͶ
˾ǩķڵķӦƣΪôˣǻܶʲô
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Ʋ
  ϸ̸ǩź飬һƪոΪд
µĸӡ(֮ºţܶʮڣӢƲ
Ūˡһ)
  ˵ʮһƲͿżɽ˵
ŪˣƲԼľͷ˵ҪŪ
ŪˡΪһѧң͸һ
˳Ϊʮ͵˹Τش˵Ϊѧ
ĳɾͣˣһ¡˹̹ΰĿѧң˸Ҳ
ΰġɵ(Lenard)˹(Stark)䶼ŵѧ
ȴɴİס(Marconi)ҲùŵѧȴԸΪī
԰ġ᲻ãϿѧһݽ
ҳȻĺӰ֮£ʧֱѧҵıɫΪ
һŰ˾--¼ڱɽۻļд
Լʱţļ׸ġߡ
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ʦҵͬʦŵļλʦ֡ƲȻû
ƲǣÿһƪдĹƲºף
Ʋʮٳļ˶ĹϵʮġŪ
һ˵ȳƲУ˵˴ǩ¼ʵ
Ūմ˵ӦӢŪȻӢʱ
ͬһƲ˵ҪŪŪ
  ŪһеĺɱŪ˼𾴺Ͱ
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ΪˣҪ˵صʦκαҲûйáֶΡŪ뷨
ŪڡңĿǡ롱ǩ֡
ĵλȽϣǡ¡롰ϡ(Ұ)롰(λ)
ǩ벻ǩκѹйڰ˾
ǩŵľ˵Դ˴ǩŽҲӦǲе
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ûôĿֻݸǩ
кһ˵徫
  Ȼ˴¼Ͱ˾ǩŲһǣҪ¡
ΪרŸȥšȣſ֪ȥһЩǴ
ַĲϣԼԼķԡѾΣ
ᣬѯΪʲôǩͬڴеĹϵ
һʡʵԼĵλ˽żбڡΣ
ҡϱ̬ľǣ˹ңʵԼԸ
ȷʵˣôԼܵŪĽյ˽ᣬ
Ҫ󹫲ţʵһȡһǰ޷
ϣĵλߡ
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˽һ㣬˼ΣҡǬȦȻҪ
Ҫô۱粵ûСΣҡҪôԼ
ΨСŪһдʣԶҡǣȴûϵеڶ
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ܰƲںǩ¼ݳһ־硱Ϊ
ڼֵì:ظȨҪģǹҡϡ
ڵһӵִ֪ʶе֪ʶӣǰѸ˺Ȩ
ֵΪļֵпܱãξء

Ӳݴ֪ʶ

  ⼸½Ǻ˻ǻˣĪһǡΪ
ͻиָı׼ѧĳЩǾԵ
׼Ȼһش½ѧһ˵ͼֵӹȥ
ר˻ҺͶ䡣Ҳ˵Ҵ˹ȥһͳΪµ
õѧ˿ܡǵȴǣµĻУǿκ
áģõġܡܹѧ罭£ұȴǰ
ʮ졣оѧ˼ͿѧʷģڱʱȻڵ¹ձҲ
ҵҵһƪġ
  й½һҪȻѧ־ϣһƪάΪɴ⹤ĵ
ѧҺɭʯʹѧĿѧʷоרҸڵУȻ
Ļ:ʵɭԭӵҲûʲô˲¹ԭ
һ״ôԭӵ(粨׵)ʲôأοԭӵ
µģǵ¹µġ(־һžʮľڣ
314-315ҳ)
  ɭӵɴ⣬Ϊɴ⹤һʵλӵɴ
ѧǷزɴԭӵĹȻڿѧʷȻ
ۣǽһЩϵĹ(սǱӢʱ̸¼Ĺ
)ѾۣҲֻһǷ񡰻롱
һֹ٣һֳļ¼Ļſ˶(C.F.von Weizsae
cker)Ҳ뾡ַΪԼ绤 
  Ҳ֪ôڵ¹һλڻʦۣͿ
ΪʧȥԼĽְȻʱµйѧߣȴΪҲ
Ϊ˼롣
  İ˼⣬⹲ġѧߡôۣ
ôһӴһܵһˣ
  ڴ½Ҵ֪ʶӾıŤλѧںһλϽ
̸Уͷӭλʱ˵ⷬġλϽʮ
ںɭѧϰʼպάɭ鷭뽫ǧֵĿѧ
ʷҸڣε籾ооʱоͬʱ
һо˺ܶйغɭϣʹ˺ͺܶನоרҺͽӽĿ
ѧʷ۹ˣԺɭſ˶ʷ˷񶨵ʷ
λĲǣݵĲʷʵǶԺɭԸ
ţڵ¹ѧϰ¹ˣԺ鱤ѧĵ¹ѧʷ
ڸϣնڿġԭʱߡһᵽ֪
ʷʵѧԼ(Jordan)һ˹Ӻͽ߳ϵͻԱ
˵ԼΪɴЧ͹ǰȷʵû⻹Щ
ԼôһһԪУ֪ʶһԪ
ԣԼеһ㷢ȨԾط
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ѧġѧҴǡѧҡоȻûкɭĴǣ
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ϡʵϣɭĴǸѾдˡԺɭĿѧʷой
֪û˱ȸйȻֻΪй֪ʶһλɭ
ѧϲԸͬǡǡһλϽвͬγ
˶û˸ƪɭǣҲų⡣
ڼ䣬¾һƬ᷺ˡᣬ˽
֪ʶĹ淶˵úܺûκιֵĻǣġš
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ۣҺ޵¹淶عĻ֪ʶĸ
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١һ߾Ҳ޷άԼļֵᣬΪ˹
дֻϻҲκμȨļֵ
Ȩļֵ֪άԼļֵʱҲԽҶ
ԽáγһٵĿɡֿ֮٣Ժļֵ
ȻǺɡ桱ĶȥٱŰרѹٵĿ£
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ȴһǱ̬ζ
  
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  ʦǷǷǣһ澵ӡ͵Ĳɣ仯ÿ
ϴ˲ͬӡ绯ʯɳ˭дۣ˭
ϵԼȻȨķ硢˸ʲô
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ѧڣкܳʱ䱻ųڿ⣬Ͷ죬
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ϣܹ¸С׼´оʱô
ҲûϵȻ˵Ҳʶΰ󰡣ڶȥ
ļʱˣᣡλڹͳʱ
μӹԿ񵳵ĻԹ񵳵ĴȺûеͷȷһλֱ
֪ʶӡȻڹļʮͳ£ȴôôı仯
Ȼܰһλֱ֪ʶӵļ˳׵شϣʵϱɱ
ǣǴϣѾ˲֪Ѷϵĵز˼ڷԷθ
ȲʡϼɥȮһᰧţǯסİšԼ
ʲ:֪ʶ˵Ļȥأһᣬ
Ȼ˸Ȼ֮ˮسҪص
ŷĸޡ
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㣬ҲĹѧľӡǲܵġ̸͵ʱ
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͵¹淶³߾꣬ҲӳԸ񱻸ʱ仯
ĳЩҲʹǿʮᣬ֪ʶӵľ仯һʲô
״ʲô 
  λһоȻ˱׵ظ죬ȻǱ磬Щ
ͲǸˣǴӶʱͳ˻ζʧȥĸо
Щ˷ܵظΰĻȺˡȺԼڰʮ
ȻΪǵΪйĸĸҪľ⣬Ϊ֪
ĽʽνĻǰ߷壿ʵ֪ʲô֪Լ
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Ȩָÿһˡϰ춼Ȩͳƶȣ
Ϊһ޷ıʵʵһֱȥǲֹܺߣ
ҲĴߡ
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ǳǵġǱҪԼܹǲ
ףǿԸıġǲܰѹȫƵǰͳιǵ
ϡΪǲȷģôʹǵ͹ԼӦΣ
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