찲šս


Ү

  ɿꡤٺ͸߸ĵչʾ˾˵׼¼Ƭ찲š춹
ⲿƬӶ˵ĳսǾ޴̵ġһ㣬ӰƬǰ
ʿΧ˾ͿɿһߡڻûпƬ֮ǰΪ֮
ԡơǲһûԼʷ֮С֮Ϊһ
׹ʷΪĲȡҵԼļ¼ƬȡͼҪ죬Ӳ
Ҫʷĺڰ׵ߵơһһй
й߲ԨԴ˿ꡤ٣һЩĿˣ
ȡѡȡƴճһС찲šӰƬ찲ŵĺǡ
Ӷ񶾵ǹ
  ӰƬѾǿ۾ȥ浽ʲôԣ
ߵʷΡӶ񶾡źǣٱڿӰƬᲢû
ҳ֤෴֤ΪҪЩ֤ȴ˸
Ȥ
  ֮Щ죬ӳһЩʿЪ˹찲
ϤϲĻϵսֱӴǵļȵ档
̡

һ찲šֵԭ

  찲šʱöŦԼʱ۰༭߽(Pulitzer Pr
ize)Howell RainesýһͨΪ
ý뵳Σ׷䶯ЧӦڱŵĴͳִֵͳֵ
ŵķǵԣҪڱʱųǿǲ
Ӧżַ׵Ļɾǵְҵ̽࣬ȥ
ӣǵǸʵӮùڵȰ
  ϸ찲šǲѷ֣ƬͼֵģŵĴͳ
ֵȣƬּǾܶظʵȥӡ硶
ŦԼʱԣȲһŷҲ͸ЩӢ
ǵ˽ںؿڶ󰮡йܻ֮Բ׼
ıμӰչƬӳһ಻߳ŭ֮ͽ
ʦйй֮޲Ƭżִͳķ
׵Ļɾ񡣿ꡤٹʾ춡ġֻй
˷ֽȻͬ˵ܶеκһֱȫŷ
ϣΪֲͬṩһƽĻᡣģƬ˽Լ
ӰƬ֮⣬ܻرֱӵļֵжϡҪЩԭ᳹ӰƬУ
༼ϵ⡣Ϊ뿨ꡤй̵ۡҵǣƬ
̫߳ҪԭǼӼɾ࣬µĸоĻش
ϣʵ˵øֲͬԼԼĽ
òϵý˵ʱһʴĶò
ʵԴ˵ʡ˵ʼÿꡤеĶ
Ϊ˵ߵȫ֪ȫܣڣΪרϡŪ
ͱ˽ͣ˶һֿơ֮һȨȫ
֪ȫܵ(Omniscient-narrator)ζһ־ԵȨȨ
ӰƬͳЧƬ˵ĳԾԯޡˣ
ߣʹӼϲȡҲҪϼơݹȫƬǿԿ
״Ƭ˸ȫƬߣΧΪޡ˵ڽű
ıСҪøֲͬԼ˵Ϊ͹й
̨ƬͷԭⲻرƬ
ɰܵʧʼǡɴ˶ٿԿƬ˶Կ͹ֵ׷
ʵľ裬ڼϼѴＫޡ

롶ɽԱ

  Ȼ찲šʱһǣǾͲҪС
ǶˣνûԼʷ˭˵ѣӰƬн˵ռС
Ƭ˵ѿռҲޣǸλɷõˣ൱ԣǷЩ
˶ڽٻأЩ˵ĻƬ۸أߣ
Уж˳֤أʲôʦ
  ֵǣ춴δġ찲šַ֮ʦһ
ῴķӳ˾˵ĵӰɽȴڲǲ
ƬӼԶԱȣԵ
  춡ɽСûԼʷ֤ݣꡤٰǰڡ֮
дһƪΪ꾡£˻ӦŸλ˵ҲĬˡ
ﲻظƬҲϣҴû˵Ƭǿ͹۵ġԵġչ˵
˸Ĺ۵ġTrudie(Ƭ)ֻĳһɫʵĵӰ
Ĵۡ硶ŦԼʱָƬһʼѡ˻
Ŷ侲͹ۣʾŶʵ־塣ԴˣҲֵٶѱī

  ҪȽϵģӰƬеߵĹܣ롶찲šγĶԱȡӰ
ƬĽ˵ʣ»ĶסⱾҲ޿ɷ飬ӰƬǸ»
ƶɵġǣߵȨ󵽿׸ʷƬ˶Դ˲
޾ôپͷΪ֮ͼӴʱͳ˵ѡ
  ӰƬ»СʱǷǳҪġݹйʷĳĴһ
ӡ·ʱҪ֡ס»Ȼ⡣Сʱһֻ
ڻ׶԰˵ڻҪ
ҪڻĵطѸõûҲ
ɴ˺ͱڻѡɴˣеԼǷ̥һԼһ
صհ찲Ź㳡ʷ
һ켣
  ɽʱסɽһȫˣΨСС
ͣĵһ켣
  ֣ɿ֮˵ѡڣӰƬʽ»
ףʾֻڻҲƶʷΪЩͯꡰ켣
һȺͯԱúڰƬַһϵʷ
ġʵϡ֮С
켣ȷʵһЩ˽»̬һʱ䣬˼
Ϊʲô»ɻʱһȻ(ⲢҥĻϸ̸)
ֱͯġ켣ŻȻʣԭ˼Ҿǡ֡
  ䷳üپͷ̳»ͯꡰ켣ӰƬʷĴȴǼ
ͷԡͷѸתһŰ˾šȻǲоͷǰ˾
ģӦۣΪϵĹص»ǿԱġ˻
ԲƱһʷ١ԱڻΪƶҪȥ
йľﷸϸй·ǮأҲԡᶨؼ
һ䣺ǹ·ҲǮ»ԴΪ⣬Ժؽ֮
Լġʤԡһ켣
  ʷ춱չѸ١תۼ䣬ͷתˡġֵǣ
ȳľͷ찲Ź㳡һ·ɱ㳡ƺûҪᣬҲ
ֵһᡣΪ»ȵڹ㳡һеġӰƬڵϢһ
ǴʷǸ˴ۣ
  ֿȵ԰Ҳ꼰ӰƬеĲᡣѾʱ
رἰ˵ĻҪţΪҪǵϣ
ƺйΪйĴǡᣬӰƬеĲֳһ
̳ϣҵһ¶档Ȼ̨µ
ϲԽүұΪµ˻һѵͬءԼ
ôҪָδйѪԼ뷨Ӱ
ƬоǳһֻӬάԼӦ
ɽȥʡ
  ɽʽҪдһֶ԰˾괿ļ䣬һ
»覵Ӣ󡣶ҪǣҪ֪Ǵʷ
ǶйǶôҪδйϣҪıйҪ
ǣͶʡʽΪǻʱ˼ȵ档
ôָϴأǸ˵ҵȫάԼ׵Ļ
֮ϡ

ý˵

  ǰHowell Rainesý뵳Ρ׷䶯ЧӦ
춷ý԰˾˵󵼡
  ڡʮȥºϷһƪָýر
ý춸߳ЧӦرǶԵıֻ춡Ϸһ
ĻϷЧͻ¼¬ɱս찲
ȵȣȵȡΪʲô¬ɱķԻأʲô
˰˾ˣһ仰ϷǰĻݵʲôԴǵȤǳޡ
ȻӰ޴Ĵýߡ˾ʱһЩѧ
߼ڣۼߵȶ֮½߳
ѧýġһĻĸ߳УΪ˾
˾һҹ䴴ģòһ񣬶һЩһֱ
Ϊйҵ֪ܶʶӵºͽмһˡ뵽û
Щ֪ʶӵĲиŬа˾ľ棬ǳͷĻᡣǱ
ýͷ뵽׳۵һĻҪǰ漸ĻϷ̵档
  »ýеЩϣҲЩϴԼ
ڡɽһʼǸ˼ľͷһ
סһ̹ˡţ»Ķף˵ıᣬվһˡ
һˡرڡǡϼ
  ý׷һĻϷԣ»ѧͶý֮ãⴴϷ
Եĸֶ߳ԵĻǰ˾ʧܵһҪġδַʡԭ
򡣲ǡȶ˿(MariaKornatowska)ָڰ˾꣬ʴ
ýĴڣʹÿ(ѧ˶)쵼˶ռǿƣܻӭı˶ԭ
ֻץɿһ档ܺйϰա
  ý׷ϷЧͬʱִϵεɫʣϣΪӡ
ⷽӲֺ»йءȥգΪġŦԼ
ʱѡ»˸ױǴѧᣬɵĵһ£ǵͼݣҵڸ
ҵ游дģ͵(steal it)Ѱζǣձ
תءŦԼʱй˵ıʱ˲ɾں޸ĵı
ֽתһʱsteal itΪ˽鲻͵
֮ĴͳٿһλǴŦԼʱӢ
ˮ׼˼Ҳðѡڴɡhope for˴󽫣ԡձ
ȴװûڴ˲˳Ϊ⼸λһСѧˮ׼Ŀ⣺áڴ
䣬ǵһ˳ƣһ㲻ϣ¡ľó
ԼĸﲻãҪŦԼʱӢģǳӡࣿ

  ýһ뵳Σɥʧſ͹Ե߼ܼ򵥣»
䣬ǡˡ˲ܸɻ£ʹˣҲΪһõ
Ŀꡣ»أڻΪѣ뷲˲ͬ˻𳵲Ʊ
һѧ͵飬ûим֮ģƺñǷʲô
ֵǣ»Щ£ΪʤԡţδȨգ
һԹߡ档ǣ»ˡΡѧ
»һûеµһΪԡΪκӡԱӡ
ӻӣƫĲ»ҲҪԡһ
һУʵҼˡ˵жǲ۲۵ġ켣


ġýӹ׻

  Կʹɵ侲͹ۣܹƫ
ĶŴͳҲ൱ѡҵǣýɸ
Ķ̧ͷĻᡣԡġۣýĹǲĨɱġ
йڷʲôǣϷһĻ߳Ĵ̼£ʹ侲
Ҳòô侲ƪ֪йרĸսʱ
дķ£ʵ˵⼸дǳ¡ԭ
Ҳܼ򵥣ϷոĻڼ˾ˣ󲿷˶ʼ
ϲѧǷʡԼѧʳʲôëΪζô춯
һ˿ԤҲûеʱ򣬿ϧȻ̧רѧߵλϣƫƫ
ҪŷʡʱǸѼϼܣӲͷƤдЩԼҲ
˼¡ǡǡЩԴý͹ڵӰ󡣶ʱǨ
˵侲ѧͳʼãѧҲһʱо
дʵʱںʹýѰòˡ
ʵѧӰ첻˴ýҲ˹ڡЩĸ
ΪϽѧУ˵ǿˡԵƷˡΪЩ
̸ԡŦԼʱһƪᣬҲŸŴС֡
  ڶĵʶ»ͣڰ˾šʱˮƽ޿ָ
ұϾйˣԼһҪġйˣرʿ
ˡźǣʿеĲˣɣ
ýǰ԰˾Ե֮УҪڴ˻Ҵꡣȥ
ŦԼʥԼüĺϣ»˾ʮ
Աѧϯĸ˶ʽ˵ȵȣԼﴵţ
ôϸµıϣѵʥͽŮĻþ
  Щʿûʶ԰˾˵Ĵ棬ԼӦȷʡȽ
¶ϴһñǰ棬ֻܱø˵Ȧ
ˣҲǸιǣϲС֮ĶȾ֮ķ֮ͽ
Ҳ룬Щġ䡱ǲⷬǣĵף
ԼԼеĵλ޳Զ㣬ĴǣĵȾţ
̵ʱõǮѪͷԭʼۣʱӲӲ
˵ţҵҵˡĵѪͷܳһһ
죬ܳԵ졣ҿǴġҲϣǴġ֤ҿ
δѡĻκȨ뷨ǵĳ˵
ңǸϰ

塢ڡ롰סǡ롰ǡ

  ʿܾԸʡԼڰ˾Ĺʧļȵ
⣬Ҫԭ򣬴ŻϰߵĹĻϵ˼
άʽ
  Howell RainesνĿ͹ۡ侲ǵԵŴͳҲ
ǱϾ˼ҵĴͳй˶ԣǸ˼飬
ϰߣ޳ȴܲ˵¶
  ȥ֣꣬ڲɾѾܲͷˡȥ
ġ֣֮˿￯ǡ˲µ
˵˿ԵĲСţΪ˴½תͣﴫ
½ʱһ˵ԼôŽᣬڹҧȨ
ͺܿЦ
  Ȼǣ˭ʲô۶ʲô۶˲أѵ
˿żලѵȦҪһżƶЦ
ǣ֣ƺùֽһҪ˿ҧãϰҲ
šʴ½мšձۣ֣Թװ취ƺ
ϰˣ춶һЩʹѲֶΣգΪ
ܽʲô⡣
  ۡϱѦ͡ŦԼʱ̩ձ˲̸ᣬ
ӪеķӦǳ棺͡ڴӢ£ơġ
йͨǾѧйרȨ֮֯
ָ߰Ѧıǡǿ߼γơѶԺýĹ
Բ˻ɡ鿨ꡤһαͥΪհ
Զơý찲ѧΪɡºɣһһ
Ҫɱת޵νǿӲѧϡţй»ͷ
ҪԼˡмƻֻ֯˶ͼ
ֵͬѧǾע⡣֮⣬йϺ⻪ıŦԼʱ
ƬˣԼ»һ𣬾ܲ߻֯ͼΪĵת
𡣿µСƽҲţǵġͳս֮
ɾ͡
  ۣ˿ռһ£һԶΪ׳ۡ
¶ģЩٹ̵Ĺ˼άģʽڿ˵˼ҡߵڰ
Щ˵ĿУϷǺڼס㲻ͬҵĹ۵㣬춹һ

  Katherine Verderyڷеʱע⵽һڹ
ձ󣺹׷Ŀ꣬һ޶ȵԱ
֮Ĳһʹͬ춹ҵͨΪ
֮ĲͬͻʹΪ޲塣ͬʱͨ
Թͬϵʹ档Claude Lefort
ָΪȫĵλǽڷ᲻ͬԱͼ֮
ĻϵġΪһߵȻڹУֻ֮
һֵķʽ񡱺͡ˡǡ͡ǡڡ͡ס
֮䣬Ӧ֣ζŵҡĸʱһ̡һ
Ů֮Ҳģˡ˵ˣһͬ
ʶرǿǷһƶʱҲֶַͬʽֻ
ѵҵλõߵһ£һз͵ΪǺõģַ
͵ƵĽͳһηͬ͹һԼΪ
ĴơѧĴߵҲһ߼
˾꣬ҪѾţ֮˵ѧҪ̲μѧ˵ͬѧ
ָͬΪѧͨ˺⣬عݲûع
ݲøġһЩʿһͬǡǡ
֣Ҫ֮ǡҽޡվȽ׼׼顱
ڲ磬ƺҪں⣬ؽһ޲硣

ý

  찲šҪսģֽ޲֮ϵġǡ롰ǡ
Ķģʽֶģʽͺͼʷ˵찲šʹ
Ƕ԰˾괿ļûˡŦԼӰչѡƬϯ˵Լ
찲šĳʱʮֹʵĴӰƬΪйٷ
ȫǻˣȻģǽ˴ɱǲԭµһ档Ǵ
һ濴ⲿӰҲʾ㿴ЩΣαƽģʱѧ
˽жӰ켰ӰƬķǵζҪԽ
˸ɼζųԽй֮ĶԿ
  ˶ԹڵӰԽԽޡǣ֮㣬ѧϰһЩ
ϷйҲʧΪһֹסҪһѧϰ
ý塣Ŀǰں⣬ý岻٣һǵԵý塣
һ־ϵԺƫϵһ𣬲ѧ֮Զ
֮ʵڹֲ˼ҡýУܳԽɱ֮ľͺ٣ܳԽ
йĶԿ͹侲ģûСǵӡ˿ﲻ̨
͹̨ۣĲӢý͹ۡȵģǾµĸ£ǶԲͬ
ܶԼԵĿ͹ۻ̶ȡ˿Ժ͹ڵĿû
ʲôһǻǡȷ󡱡ն񡱡
񶨡ߵڰסġȵȡڽΪҵٵ
ʹЩµȻǳףȴ˿ԿɰЩ˿磬
ܹԱӰ죬Ҽ̸⣬̳һ׹Ĵ
㡣رѧý͹ۻԣýϵķչ
һࡣԼǸ⣬Ǹ̵⡣ʲô
ԣӳʲô˼άʽ˸ӦһΪ˷Ľᣬһ
侲͹ۼǵԵ׷󡣡찲šֽԣߵ
ʵ˵ķֵôЧ٣ɵĿУ
ܵһҰΪΪ˶ˣԿ͹Եԣǵɵ
ӳй仯־ǽΪδйŶ
ṩһõķΪйһȦɵĹס