壬Ǻڸʽ˼







  ⱾԶԻ¼Ϊõ飬ϼ¼һžŶ֮һЩ
κʷ⣬һϽѧ
  ȣⱾĻ㲢̽һѧ⣬ּڱһʶ
̬ԸԣⱾּǶԽִйǿ
͸ʷĻ󣬽ۣΪ(ĸ)ͬʱ֡
ʵġʷѧĿ֮һйʷ(Ļ
)֡ʷѧһΪµСƽĸĺϷԺʷԣṩ
ϵ֤ͬʱҲ˶Եй˶ķԡ
  ڶּⱾ鼫ٶԽִйʷһһĸо
ۣҪǶԡмֵжϡʵϣڵĹѧ磬
˵ŵо֮һǾԵġǹ淶Եо
ǣڶԸмֵж(༴й淶Ե)ʱⱾ춹
ѧ磬Ըйصо֮һŰڵ
֣˲ģһžڣұλ߾
ڹ⡣ڣй½в֪ʶӶֶ˵оɹ
֮ѧʹ⣬ᳫѧ淶ͬʽӹ졣ӹ淶ĽǶ
ٸⱾѧˮƽ͡
  ˵ԻаѧдǣⱾУλȴ
Աˡ٩ɽķʽ⡣ޱ߼ʣǰԲ
ʱз磬ٸĵҳѹ˵ĸԣʹ
Ϊͼūڵھҳ˵Ψһһѹҵķ
չڳַӸǱĻ϶һ˳ɹĹҡǲʣһ
˵ĸܵѹֵĵطǱܹõֵķӣ⣬
еļʱҲϽڵ289ҳϣٸ̸˺һĸ
ʱ˵Զġﷱ¶塷죬˺һʵ
ϣ˴ԭӦǡ֮һҲ
  ģⱾвٵطԴޣٸڸԮĻ
ȹ˹˲𣬶ǿ˵˻ġĵط
ֶԴ½һЩ˽й๥ֻжԴ½֪ʶӽĸ
֮˽ˣŻȤ
  ȻѧֵܵͣôҲûбҪѧĽǶȶԴ
ۡǿԻһǶȣӹʷ(history of ideas)һ
ԸĿΪȻΪ缶˼һ񣬵
ȴй֪ʶӵĵʹ֮һңԸĿһž
ĻйУһΪʱ˵Ŀй½ν±塱(
ɫġ塱)ʢС൱һ꾭ѧ֤йʽġ
ĸ·ߡԽ춷ڶŷͶ·ں⣬й
쵼ĸ֣ܵɽҲʼַܵ顣ĩ
е˶ܵǰδеĸ߶ۡʷѧӢʱҲһž
£˽ִй֪ʶӼ֮Ž
εΪô񡰷ԸĿʲôڲ֮ͬأʲ
ô˼вģߣκʷĿͬһŰչ
νʵѧǷ˼ϵĹЩʷϵ⣬ֵ
۵ġ
  ġʵѧѾ׾ڸй֪
ʶӡ(̨ʱ湫˾һž)нϸķ֮ᣬ
׫дΪSubjectivity, Modernity and Chinese Hegelian Marxism(
ԡִйڸʽ˼)Ӣ(ڽڵPhilosophy E
ast and West)һѧͬ˼ı¬ʽ
˼ѧּΪйִԵȷһѧ
Уλõһʽġʵԡͬʱ
Ļṹְ͹۵ƶȡʷչ
ȵȡʵԡУԡȻʷ
֪ʶ¡뾫ȵȣͳһһͳһٲȻȡ
˺ڸϵеġԼ¬˼еġԡ(totality)
ŨĿ۵ɫʷﱻһ
Ŀĵġʷ̡ڸ¬ʽ˼У
ΪһȫԵ˼ʦܵĸ߶ӡǶԪ
߿һûɵĺڸ˼˵µ
˼Ҫɺڸʷʶ˼ʷΨ䡢й
ͳĻУҲûеõַչġʵԡ˼룬
ϵġ˺һйͳĻľ춶Ե
ֻҪЩ˼ʽ(Զ⵱ȻԼ˼
壬йٷͳ˼壬Ҳ˼)ĸ
ͿΪйִԵĻṩ˼ԭϡִ߳ͳΪ
´ͳ塱
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ԸΪй½֪ʶӼ˼ǳοǣһ
ûɵλǾͻתŷ塣ôһžŶ
֮ᣬ˼Ƿк̵ĸıأһ㣬̨ѧ߻ƿ
춶Ա֮Լʼںⷢĵһƪ¡
ƽл̸ҪҪ(ڡйʱܿް棬
һžŶ)ĽĿ϶ۡƿΪһžŶ
ѾʼǰһЩڸʽ˼ܣ˼룻ǣ
һǻġ׵ġƿĸһνת
ʡַ֮(dichotomy)ѧīӿ(Thomas A.Metzger)
һܣй֪ʶӼ˼봫ͳ(ȫ˼
봫ͳ)廮Ϊͣתͺ͵͡ת͵֪ʶһ
ٵ볹׸ʵ磬ԴﵽαԭĿģ֪ʶ
Ϊʵ壬Сģľֲ׶ԵĽԲʵ
ȫ³ѷʽδͳ͵ģŷ޴½
ͳ®󵽺ڸٵ˼˼룬ת͵ġǰǸ
ģ߳и
  һžƿһܶǰڵ˼仯о
Ϊһǰᾭһӵ·̡(μ
һѡ˼֮о(̨оԺʷо
һž)һƪڡоԺʷоΪ
˼¶򣺼̸˼ۡ£ƿ϶
ھƵ˼ת䣬ת˼תͣҲ˵Ӻڸ
ʽ˼崫ͳתܶʽ崫ͳ(Millsianism)(
ǡ)зһЩ¶֤Ĺ۲졣Ҫ֤ݾ
ȷطԸ(ĸ)񷴶Խ׼ɡ
ԪۣͬᣬСƽԼ̳ейġʹԡĴ
ͳЩƺ֤ڷڸ˼ʽת͸ͳ

  ƿĿһĴԡܶຣ֪ʶӶй½֪ʶ
ӵ˼״ȱ˽⣬ǻһԸʽĿձߵ
۲죬ƿĽֵȶĹؼǣƿķܹ춽Ӳ
˼ĸԡתͺ͵֣Ӣͷ
˼봫ͳǿԵģȴԱ¹˼봫ͳĸԡʵ
ĵĵ¹Ψ˼봫ͳԣνתͺ͵˼봫ͳе
һЩҪؿͬʱһ˼ϵ֮Сڸˡڸ
ʷĿۡа塢Ӣ塢ֹʶ۵ȳɷݡЩȻ
ƿ˵ת˼֤͡ڸͬʱ
ͱʷϿڸ˼ᳯչһ
ڸɣһǺڸɡ˼ֻһ˼
չеڸˣ꣬ƺҲи飬Herz
enЦڸҵεĺȥֻѧںˮ()

  ʹ˼崫ͳҲзԼŸķ֧ͨνġ
塱ơ塱ġ˼塱ǲ˹̹(E
Bernstein)Ȼʽͺڸʽ˼кܴͬĳ
ʽ(лĽ)Ҳпܵġʱʽ
ϡ֮塢塢Ըͬغڸʽ
˼ʲôìܡͬת˼벢ǲݡƿƺ
ĳֽʽת˼֮ڵĿԣп˽ӽ
Ӣʽ崫ͳһЩʵںڸʽ˼Դڡ

  ȣ̸ԾõĿġʵԡ
ҪһΪⱻΪʵĻ
ȻԼѧϲѧѧȵʶ̬⡣
ͬ˹˼ĹǰĽѾ˼ĽͣΪ
ѧͬʱΪ̳ⷽ˼ľ(
1518ҳ)򵥵ذë󶫺͵СƽĲΪǰΪ
ԾΪܵ˼Ļԭë󶫣
Сƽ(ڶ)
  ܺڸ˼Ӱ֪ʶһִõ
;ѧһϲͨձ֤ץסҪìܵ˼·뵱Ȼ
ΪֻҪץסҾܳξðŷë󶫵й
⣬νֻץΣץáƻáӪ
ץΣгþץáֻץΣץãȻΥ
˼徭ԭȻᷴԡ񻹰ָԬ
ϣָԬ춽裬ֻһ뵱ʵۡ(70ҳ)
  оѧʶ˶ῴĿȻǼ򵥻ʵϣû
ŷ쵼˺ë󶫲ץá춣ǵʱΪ
ΪʱľƶȲЧʵľƶȣƻ
ЧʡͬʱļƻòܴߵЧʣһܴ
ƽȡ˵ڵʱʷ£ĿԵû
ͷͬĿŷױйҲ
ĿȫǵĽ죬ȻвΪгƶҪȵǰκһʱ
(ʱ)ִľƶȸΪЧʣṫƽ
˸Ϊȡǣȴһʶг춾õ
Ҫԣһץͬгͬ(϶Ԭϲй
裬޷ʷʷϵ֧֡ʵϣûһʵۣǻϣ
̩񰲡)
  ǣⲢζгġǷǳ˽⡣
ȫľгΪԼƻΪʽ
ȵ(11343ҳ)ִջͬѾʱġھ
вܿĹٷ˼ξѧ̿ϵĿһģһͬɵ˵
Ҳͬ˼ά֮Сʵϣй½꾭ѧң
νڵľǡȫȫй˼ʽľѧ
˼ά
  ǰᵽġʵѧҲõĲ档ǣ
ԾѧУֻüΪնġ֤ߵľ
ͬԼúڸķʽѧѧĻһ˵
һĳЩ⻹һЩ˼(Ҳìܰٳ)Ļôǰһ
ۿ˵ǳ´ĵ
  ڶʷȻԵĿһŰовٱ
ϷԡʷȻԡ˵У˵ƺࡣ̸۸
˺żȻ¼ʷϵҪԣԹٷ˼ʷ׶ۣ
ΡġеıǨһǿʷṹʷ¼ľ
á(3639ҳ)Щ۱ƿΪͼѺڸ
ʽʷۣ֤ݡƿ䲻ǣ
ȻʷɫʵġʷۡŲƣҲһʷ
ȻǴڵġҲۡʮһ͡(һž
º)׫ģٸʷżȻԵĿȸ춵οѧ
еѡۣ˶ʷȻԵȴһʡ
  ʵϣ˽ڸʽı֤һҲ˸е
żȻбȻȻżȻı֤۵ڴ½ѧĽˡ
ֽ£ͬڲͬĳǿͬķ棬û˳׷ʷ
ȻԵĴڡһԣȻһ汻ΪǾиԵģżȻǱȻԵ
䣬ǹǿȻһͻᱻһЩ˼šʿΪ
йؿȫֱ֤ʽķԽĿȻ
Լ˵żȻ롰Ȼʷѧķ룬ơ(
38ҳ)֮ʷȻԵġȫںڸʽ˼
ڲһּ⣬ͬ(翨նǡֵȵ)
ԡʷȻԡѧȫһˣⷽ棬ȫ
ν˼봫ͳתļ
  ʷĿʵʷĿ֮ĿƿϣʷĿ
ϣĳаĳɷݡʵϣһĿûи
ȫϵͳĲʵһϿΪ
Ŀľ֮͡һ桢ơͳһ磬˺һľ
磬û˵컯ľ硣ܶڸһΪﵽһյĿ
һֹʷ̣ڵġûҲ
ص컯״̬С(67ҳ)ǣһĿϾ
ǴڵģȻΪ˼塰ʵѧΪ
һĿṩѧָϡ
  񲻽ȷĿ꣬һβ棬ָ˴һ
ĸĿ꣺÷չɡ塪
رָǴµĸ߼ҲǴµʱ(ʷ)˳
(24ҳ)в(޻)ĸ
ķǵʮЦٲΪǶʷȻԹ
ᶨŷߡ
  ЩۣǿؿĽû˿ƿ
īӿ˵ġת͡˼άʽ񲻽ǡתĿ꣬
ǡתľ岽衣ԣ˵Լԣ
źҮ˵ġԸźǣѧ۷
̫˵дһƺڸѧ(롶Ȩ
ѧ)Уû˵ĸΪʲôǡ߼
ΪʲôӦǡʷ˳(һϣжٸ
пϵźûпǵһʷѧ
)
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ʾԼӢľѧӺҮˡն˼롣
˵¸㲨ն(53ҳ)һƺԱ֤
дתתơǣ˵Щ˼ӽ
ͣڿͷϡԺҮˡն˵˽⣬ͣڿںŲΡҲ
ûоӢѧ(ʵ÷첻壬ָ֪
˭ѧһ÷ָӡˡѧ˼룬
һرΪȻ)Ү˼롢ն˼ȵȸǴԵ˵
ǣһ﷢ʲôθڵĶܰװڸ
ʽ˼ļܹ֮Сһ㲻֣ǵЦ˵ںڸ
ϵУ׿ԱӡôڸĿװܱȱӸס
н϶춡ɡᡱ˶
񡱵ȵۣҲͲˡʵ̸ۡᡱ(򡰹
)ʱ̸ڸ
  ʵϣĻ˼ͬ˵Ǹ롣ֵӵǣ
Ӣ(ܶҮ˺Ͳնٵǡ)Ҫһ
ʶ˼Ŀɴ(fallibility)Ҳīӿ̽˵ġʶ
ۡȱ̵˽⡣һ㣬ƿΪ˼еì֮⣬
񾭳ͷ޳ɶԪ壬ȴԳǡԵġֵһ
ԪۡΪõĶվΪһ壬ҾԼġ
ʵԡ֮߾С˽⵽˼ĺڸԣԺ
и˽⣬뵱ȻΪѾʼӢʽ壬
ôЩìܣͲìܡ
  ۣȫԵʲô˼·(approach)˽ʷ
Ρúۣû漰񡰷Ը֮
⣬ֻ漰һ¡ȣĿϡ档
һžѧϰ֮ǰδ½֪ʶӵɳԸ
ںšʱƺʽĸһŰ˾ѧļ
Ҳ߶Щûʲô顣ڣй֪ʶӣ
˵֪ʶӣŸƽݱ䣬ԸһһƷй
߳Ըšƽݱ䡱Ѿɳ´ĵˡ
ǣδӶֶĽǶƽйƶȱǨ
  ڶ춸ĿະԸ֮ںŵ֪ʶ
һʮּ򵥡ҲǶԽݿ˵ġ޸ǷҲ
ǿƺضζżҵᶯѪɺӡΪ淶
(normative)ۣࡰԸһѧûи
Ҳˡ
  ǾԱ䷨()Ҳͬ
һʽ(Լʽ)ĸйִк档ǣ
ǵΪֹߺҪҪҲȻ޲ֿںʽ
ĸ߼ܸ䷨ΪʲôʧܣΪʲôйִʷָ
ܴۣΪʲôй֪ʶӲϲº͵ţȥӵڸ˼
ǲʷо춽ۡ
ôǵļԶͣڿںŵĲϡ
  ʱڵ˼ʷһġѹ˵
ȻԸΪʲô˶м岪ˡǵ˼
ԭһķأѵЩɾһԭɵ
ѵ֪ͬʶѡԵؽĸ˼ûйϵѵ
ЩѡԵĽͬйͳ(ǿ˼룬йͳ˼
)Ӱûйϵ˳һʣ˶Ѿȥʮˣڵйƺ
ûձҪൺľˣΪʲôй˻ǲԸν
͵˼봫ͳأ
  һļֵ춻ش⣬ǸߺնĿںšϣ
һмֵ顣֮ҪΪ飬
ƺżʣʱĳЩʷԵġԵ
Ե˷Ϊ˼ҡӶʹ˼ʷʵԡ(
ʮй(ۣͼ޹˾1995)