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231ĸǰĸıȽ

  ǵȻĸŷԡй֮𣬹
ͲϵĸɹذԼļֵȫ
ᡪһĹͬ롣׼ֵΪΨһ
ȷĿꡣٷеһУûжļֵΨдϵĸ
塣ϣҶϣһӦΪ֮Ϊ֮
žܣǾͱȵʹࡣ
춹¢ȫԴʹĸÿһ
γ˼ܵĸӹϵ˵Ǳ͸ġҪ
㡰ԿǰᡱǣȻȫȨȻȷΪ
Ψһֵ׼ˣֲɱػᰴÿ˸̶ȵ
еĲͬλǵĸ̶ȶ轱ͺͳͷˣ
ֳ(䲻Ȼ)ͼģ򷴸ضܰģǳ
ùġһЩ׷˸ӸһҲʹ
Щ׷ҲòҪӡǵͷ
ʲôˣĸ׷жϻ಻ϣ㶼뵽ĸ
ȥ
  ͬǱĸǰĸϾźܴĸǰͬѧҲ
֣ŬʾԼĸԣĺƽʱڣȻĿ
Žе죬ʵȴɸΨһܴµġ޷
ѧ׷¶ѡĸǰѧУҲչλݡ
ʽȷ涨˵ģѧϰѱԵնݣ
Ϲũ˼𱨸档ǺֳʽĻбԼĸ
ʹԣǺʾԼȱ˸˵ΪѧϰΪ
壬ǵȻҪֻǡΪǸ˲
֤⡣֮ĸǰıĿ϶㲻Уƺһ
ǣƺһжǡ
  ĸһ̴ͬһʵĴѧУָͣ
Ǽְҵҡ£һǷΨһı׼
ǿ˶еı֣ǷֳΰޱҳϣǷͶ
Էɺͷ˼жǷᶨƵվëϯ·ߡ
һͨͨ޹ؽҪ
  ĸǰǱȡϣҪȡ쵼ĳϡȡ֯ĳϡ
ĸУ֯඼̱쵼ɲǱǿվ
һȡϾͱȡȺڵĳϡȡߵֵĳϣǰ
ʱڵһش
  
232

  У˶ԱĵĲ壬ȡʤΪȡ
ʤʱϧŪ塣ͬأڱĸУһĵĲǸ
ǱһĵĲոԭ£ʾ
Լеʵʵһ˿ոԭ£һԵÿ
һеͨˣΪڱĸгͷػ춱̭
ǳ಻Ϊ
  ΪʲôʵʵոԭʱԲвͨأܼ򵥡
ΪǲμĸĶΪȡϣΪ֤Լĸԣȡϣ
Ȼȡ˵ĳϣ֤ԼȻ֤˿˵
˵ʱܲǵлڱĿʲôӡ󣬵õʲô
ˣȻӮñͺ飬Ŭ
Щ±Ͷ飬һζؼԼΪȷ
顣Щ£ԼΪǺܸģȴױΪ
ǾɲȥЩ飬֪ȷ
ױ˿϶ΪжǾͻΥĵȥ
  ֪ĸе̬ҡ˵ġ󡱣Ҫָ
̬ȣû̫ϵָֹͷ߼˵̬
ȡһµǰɲȡһֱΪȷҪҼ
ʤĲԡˣ֤ȱ˸ҲԱĲ
ˣֻʶ⣬Ľ׼׼ǵõ϶ġȻ
˶ңõĽƱصԽԽԽԽ˵ľ
档κһڲκһ˶ڲ
ҡԽԽȻƣֻڶԪУɱ
ĶԿǣƣֹ򼫶ˡпڸֶ
໥ǣлһƽ⡣һ᱾Ǹ߶һԪģּƷչ
߻ħĵزҲͲΪˡ

233ͬĴ벻ͬı

  ĸУͬϵıһδضΪǶ
ĸ̬ȲһʱΪǿǵԼĲͬӶǵԼ
ΪڱĿɲͬӡۣʶȡ˲ͬӦԷʽΪʲôƫ
ƫǱѧһ߸ӵܣ췴ԣԼ֯
ǵȻΪܾƵȺУ쵼ѹƣ
֯ų⣻ʵʱд˷ǳ֮˲춸߸ӵܡֻ
֪ԼĸǵõձϵģԼΪһܹ
ëϯ֧֣ԸΪⲻ˻أΨ
˰ԼΪĲѰľٶΪԲóȻ¡˵
ҲȤʱһȺڿͷ϶˵ŵŵԩˣ
ʵϣֶʶ֪ԩʵǺܿܵģҲǺ׵ġԽ
εԽǵıԩжԽСĽƩǸ
ͬѧĵﶼ޳ɣǸ춹ȴ޼˼Ȼ
Ѿ϶ǻ쵰ԽǷϣ˱ΪԽǻ쵰Լ
쵰˵Ϊ㲻ô쵰ˣΪȡ˳Լ̫쵰
ͬѧֻΥĵسԼǻ쵰
  ⷬ˵ǺҪġڣоĸĸʱ
˵ǲμĸ涯ֹ۵㣬Ƕһȡֻ֧
ԵҪȡΪ¶Լкֹ۵δѵʱ
ǵ̬춼򵥻ˡ޷Ϊʲôһ췴ߴ󶼲ԭ
ܺ߶ߣҲ޷Ϊʲô󲿷Ⱥˣںܳһʱ
ڲͦ˳ܣӭϡֹ۵͹ˡֶ
ʱĵľ޴֧áʱǵ塣ĸ춣
ڵ£桱ǹڡ¡Ȩһ¶Լ
кʱ뿼ǵǱĻǱġ
ѡԽԽ㷢ָ㲻ҲҪѡ
Ϊ˺ܻСһЩѡ˿ȥȻԼȴ
һѡʧܣǻʲôأ

234һĸĽɫ

  һһգձ졷־Ԫۡ޲׼Ļ
еסԴᣬÿһһգձ͡졷־(
ּˡž)ϷһƪԪۣһֱ߾Ÿֹ
  ĸڼ䣬һԪʮҪǶԹȥһ˶ܽᣬ
µһĸ񡣲֪µһУ
̬ʵʱ仯ǳԪ۵Ĺ涨
  ĸһʼһͰָȫֵĽɫ굽
ڼ䣬̱̱֯״ֹ̬ٷ϶
⣻ĴʡίرĴձɫѶճһ
⼸ûбݡ£һͳ˵쵼ȫ˶
ҪĹߡţһļߣ춱ΪСͨ족ı£һʱ
ҲҪЩߵٶءǲߣµ
Ա
  һ¹ȻҪϾԵò壬رǲʱԪ
УרһСӢ۶úӷ쵰ں
ģ޷ظ²˶ܽᡷнЩ۵㣬²ƪ
һǰԴʹֱʽ㷺ˡˣ֮
⣬Ǹעе׳ǿԸֱӡѸٵ
ͼ׳ĸСĳԱҲйԺ
ίļλˣʲ׼·˶ȫչߵ
ռϡ٣ǰߵԽͻһȺڵĿУĸСѾΪ
ëϯ·ߵʽˡ
  ĸСҪԱǹۼҡȥڵڵĵλ
Ⱥе֪ȺӰҲ൱ޡĸ﷢̶̼¼䣬
һԾȨƵĶˣȺеЩڸس⽮ǻ
Ҫߵöࡣͻı仯ʮδģֺܺ
Ļһʶ̬ĸôʶ̬ר
зҪáͳαʶ̬ͳΣʶ
̬Ȩ춴ͳʽȨȨ֧׵Ȩȷ
ë˼Ϊһе߱׼ζ˭ë˼Ȩ
ߵĽɫ˭ͳʵζ߷١֮ĸĻ
ڽ̲ɽ̻ɾͨĽʿɡĻһ
һƺո۵ռλθ֡⿴һ
ͽ

235֯˥

  ʶ̬Ȩļ͹ԱȵǴͳȨѸ˥䡣
  ˵ĿǰΪֹְְͣĹԱ٣󲿷ݵȨȻ
Լλϣ˵Ļٲ⡣ǻûбȨǵȨȴ
Ѿʧˡ
  Ҳһ֤˹̺һʡ
УȨĺϷʶ̬ͳԡְλϼĻȺ
ѡģë˼ҳϺͶëϯ·ߵҳǵõǿ϶
ģȨЧġһǲʶ̬ϵͳԣǾͿ
ٷ㣬ְѡκγȨ㲻ڡ
  һ̵ֱ˵ҪĻҪߡǣ˭
ǰӲΪ⣬ĸȴ⡣ĸȺڵɱֻ
Դ춶ԵȨɵĲۣͬ׼ȷ˵Դ춶ԵȨĲͬۡ
ΪɵǲȺڣ춾ϰѵȨΪĻһȺ
Ȩɣվ߿Ϸⲻϵ
ȴЩȨɲܴȨΪĻʹǵȨ
ʧȥС̬֧췴ɶԵȨɵгȨʵ
˲ܱľء£Ȩɻʲôأ֪
ףȫ󲿷ݵı֯˥ȥõ
ȷ϶ĵȨȺ֯汣֮⣬ЩȨɱһƾ
ȺгĵطǰЩȨɵν֯ʶ
Ϊͣ׷ʧȥ˱Ļԣټϵ췴ɴٷ
þͶˡ

236Ӣ

  šڴ˾ʲ׼·ߵƽһʻһ͵
Ӣ۳ˡָ췴䣬紨˶Ľƣشһ
ܼ褣˵廪ɽ󸻣ĺʦ󾮸ɽ̷
֮ǰǻĬĬŵͨѧȴһ
ȫȺ䡣ǵĺպǿŹٷý
Ⱥ֮вֶߡǵľҲһ¡
  췴Ӣ۵ͻ̰Ӣģʽչʾһ
־иḻľںӢ۱׼ȥʮ䣬Ϊ
Ӣ۷ңսӢۣͶģѧ׷˶
׷漰׷ʽӢ۸ȷΪƽʱѧϰҪʱ
ȻҲ׷ӢۣǣģģĸоǾã׷һ
ƽʵСС˿Ǻ󲢲㽵
ӢΡЩ̾ʱûܸѪĸսһ
춯صĴҵĸﱬ췴ߵ̨ģݳһĻĻ
׳۵ĸϷ硣ȺڻȻĸӢۡ
߳Ƶǰ׷ʽӢܲȻʧɫأ
  ˶ڵһձǣȥӢͶ˱ɡȺ
˵Ҫ׷滹ţһҲǸϱΪֻ֪ϼ
һζ˳ӣȱٷеͷԡĻʵǣɸ
ĻУҪмʶˮƽҪ춷ë˼
ëϯ·ߺʲ׼·ߡ췴Ӣ֮
Ǿи߶ȵë˼ˮƽи߶ȵ·߶ԡٷ涨
Ӣ۱׼УʶˮƽʶĸߵһأȴؽҪ
ȥҾйĲЩӡֲͬѧȻ
쵼ΪϵȽӣһ´һӼʶ˷
ӡںˣ˼мʶ춱¡췴Ӣ۵
ֹת䡣ʱǿһ˹顣
Ȼ϶ĸһǵ˶ⲻӦǳһʵ
Ǿǣĸǰʢеѱ˿ȣĸе췴糱һ
˴̼˼ĻãͱȺȣ췴ɵ˼ͨҪԾö࣬Ҳ
ӵöࡣ

237¸

  췴ܹӮȺڵľ壬ں̶ܴΪǱȱ˸¸ҡ
һʮ¸ҡһλµĽѪսɳ춵з
ǹʸ֮£ȴΨֱԼ˴ڼ飬춱ԩ֮Сͬأһ
ȻðŷȥȴȥðķաǲμĸΪ˸
ҲΪ֤ĸ߷ì֮ʱҲ˵Ƿ
֣ĵٻȥһΪǸġȷʱ
ȴܻܿµȺڵɷ£ǻ
ġ
  һϣ췴ӢʾǷ¸ҡΪ˸ǲ±
Ǹսڴս֯Ϊѵõǣ֯
ǴɡɷӡӡʱǺַס˵
Ϊ١ڱѧУ춷ԹͬѧֻС
һС顱ȵչץɡо
еͶӲǶסҡʵָмͰ廪еļ
廪ѧ󸻡Ǽһѡƾ
ԽıѹűܰǴɷȴֻһƽ
ܡںѹƸĹ顣ҪȨΪ
ص⵽ΧŽ壬Ѻ˰¡
Ҫʵר֪ʱ(ѮѮ)ë󶫻д¡
ڴ˾滹޿ĵڵڶ͹ϯ
  һλĸоѸң˵󸻰ڼ䣬ĸһ
˵ܶ)ҹ󸻵̸˵ʵҲ̨ġʵ
Σ޴Ӷ϶汾󸻹ַ
뵽սϳϸɲһϼ쵼ϡ
ϻ̳Ͽֵϴ֣ôһƽͨѧȴܹ
ڼصѹ²ӵؿֵ¸ҾͲܲ˻ˡ

  Щ췴ҲйƵ ӢۣζŸ춷Լ
ǿĶ֡һӢ۹£벻ðգ벻ܿѡȥ
һֱΪǼȻڸᣬäĿȻ֮⣬
ɸٲʲôǿĶ֣Ҳٲðգٲѹпѡ췴
Ӣ۵Ĺ¸ıֹ۵㡣ɸֳһȼֻԻͣ
顣֪ŵӢ۵꣬һֶôǿ
ʵĴ̼

238췴

  ʮвйӢۡйһ췴ߵֹ£
֪ġҶǵԹľ屳;ɲ
ʱҲ̸ʲôȷĸ롣
  ʵԹ顢߹ˣʮ֮˾ӹ̫㡱
յʱǶԡ㡱һʵ⣬ҪָԵж׺ݡζ
ţһʼ췴ߣ˶Ĵ桪һνȺ
ڵĴ桪ܻܿҩζŨһӡʮ
գ˴ģľţ¼ʮУϵɲͽʦ
ֱ衣鼱æֹԪȴξǸж
鷸¼УһʵҪȹ
ӡ
  ȻλһŶۡѧУһ֡š
ѹ췴ɣһָ˶ڸɲоڰȺץţͰ췴
ѹƵȺڴһȥˡ췴ƽ˷ΪйͶԿ
ȡУĸ췴߱뱻УĸѹȺڽˣ
ٲȻΪѹȺڵıߺʹˣ˵⾿Щ췴ߵĳأֻ
ݱĽܿ߼вá
  췴ѹ²һҵĹʮоеġ
ۻϣͬѧȴҾҲ
Ҫġʵʱ̨飬ûôǹҲҵ⡣ֻ
ΪǷǸģӦ˵ǻ쵰ҾԼܵ˵⣬
ƴЩͬѧЩΪԽԽͷ 
ԼҲԽȴǸŽԸеһص㡣
Լˣ룬Щϵͷ췴ɿҲǳͬΪΪ
ƵҷǶô˲¸Ϊ
  Ȼҵ췴ӢǻͬǲԼëϯ
һëϯҲһ֧ԼǸ춶ԿΪΪ
ǿĿɽ˵˵ȱָо
ᡶۡϱֵø
  Ҷ췴Ӣ۵ľ֮ĲʮǿҡһǶҲȻЩӣ
ҶǵĹ۵ȫ޳ɡ⣬ǴԼҲԼӢ
йءĿеӢǿѧңȻѾЩ˶м
ٻûбӢȡһμĸŬ
˶бԼ֤ԼܸԱڸдͷҲĽ
ĿҲֻ֤Լѣҽֻ֤ԼϡڸҲ
ǿ㣬ҵ־Ȥڴˡһû뵽Ҫμҡ

239ּ췴롰̰ٲʵۡ

  ĸеġ췴ʲô˼ﲻ˳㽲һ
  ֪췴һʵıǷңǶȨķ
ƻ޹ֺһõʱ̿ˡ
Ĵñӡ廹췴ʲô˭ķǰպ
ͣǽ췴ָڵëϯ쵼£ʲ׼ķ
ķ˵췴ƽʱǽġͬʡʵ
һʱҲָƶȵķѡı䡣ֻǾ
ãĺһĿѾ˼ı仯ﾳ£
ǵûзѷ֮⣬ֱ˷ѷ񶨵ķʡˣԡ췴ȡ
ͻ˷񶨵ζ
  ĸе췴һַǳ⡢ǳֵ췴ǹȺ
ĺ½еһ췴ϷΪּ췴ּ췴һܴ
ϸ˵ȴǲͨìܡ췴·ϣּȴ
ܽΪһ壿췴ּ⣬Ƿּ췴ȻĸУȴ
ʵìܵĽϡ
  ԭģë󶫷췴ּ⣬ȺڻӦǡ
ּʥּǳġͳģûȷ˭÷˭÷
Ⱥ췴ʱԼжС˵Ⱥÿһξ
췴жûʥּģȷǡ췴
  ּ췴ìܣ޷ʵСΪȺڵһ¡
˵÷˵÷ô죿£Ը߷ӣԸ
߲ӣΪȨʧȥǿԱ㲻Ȩĸ
״̬γɵġԸ߷ӣԸǿƷ
ǾͱѲߴɸʵרΪǹҿƷɵΨһ
ĸһٳֵȺġȻ״̬⣬
޵·ǲʽƶȣʵɡΡ൳
ڿѡ٣˵ȵȣֻרƼĸ
  ĸе췴һά䣬һȨɡ⿴͹
й췴һֳʽƣԻ̰ٲʵۡʵߴྶ
ͥ
  ڹŴ̰ٲʵ۵췴УڵĶâָڲϲĹٶǻ
۲ϲĹ٣Ϊ˸ԼΪ˸ʵˣڴ
£ǷԵ̰ٻ١ĸ췴УҪ򵹵ë
ϲĸɲԼϲĸɲΪǿë󶫵ȨΪ˱
Լ棻ˣܺǹڽϺõĸɲǸĸɲ

  춸ɲ⣬ĸɴַΪ׶Ρ
  1˶ڡĸСչ١ҿĻṩһ壬ĸҪ
򵹵ĵȨɣӦǵء»ʽһ׶Σȫ£СС
ء»ʽɲһ򾡡ЩǰѾΪ㡱⵽࣬
ʱֱع ӱͷ־ԭܼ򵥡˶ڵȨ
ΪʥַȺΨֱϡӹ
ֻ֣ṩı걾ȥѰȻҲһЩ͵ĸɲ
ԭ򱻴򵹱ǣЩͳĵȨɣȻ
ˣԹȴܹȻܳ
  2ʲ׼·ʱڡǰ׶ʵȨĸɲָ
ִʲ׼·ߵĴȺڻɶ֮Сë󶫵ս
ͼȻȨɾںգìͷϾǴ򡣾ɲ
ܵʱڣҲֻʱڣȺڲſܶеĵȨ
ʩӱ
  3ϡŸɲʱڡŵı׼Ȼë󶫵˼·ߣ
˷Ӿ޷֮춽ųҪȺ֯һأȺҲ
һ̶ԼĺöȥӰЩһʱҲԳͷ
  ϸȻԣ˻ɴ˿ĸе췴Ŵġ
̰ٲʵۡᲢۡ

240Ĳ

  ĸ˰࣬ΧһУǵĵλԼ໥֮Ĺϵ
ǰ뵽ľ޴仯ӿĲ֮СһЩ˱
⣬һЩ˱嵽ˮ¡һԵλִ˵ߵ˼߱ѹˮ
ˮ߱͵˼⡣춴Ҷȱ飬һ䶯˶Ϊ
Ƕ֡ǣ˷ޱȣѹ֣˵Σ˳׾
˭֪±䶯ֲڶǰĵ߾㵣ǰʧ߾ϲʮ
ָĻзҳʱвԣ˻(
һʱѾʮ)Ϊ̵
  ʮУУڼලͶһλոУΪˣû
û򵹣ϢƺѱĴڡУֻ˶ڰ
Ŵֱִ·ߡ̫Ѱÿܽĸɲ
˲಻УһС΢
˵Ҫԭ򡣲֮ҲΪʮ˱䵱
ӣǵĶҪУܶһ١һ൱ձǣ
˶УһǷǳȡľ״ȡ
״ϻĵطǵֻĵطǾϻ
  ʦҲչ˿ʲ׼·ߵĻУĸκίԱļ
ʦڴֱָλĵԱʦڹ鼰Уĸ
ȨʱرһЩʦ൱Уֿ㵱Ȩɶ޷
ֱ֮Уˢһĳĳʮʲ׼·
ĲȨĵȨɣ⼸λеʦˡ׼顱Ĵֱ
ȥȫ׻ص룬ƺҲ˵صݡ
ϴΪǴˡ˵Լʲô뷨ǲ
дȥ
  һλؼҵ·ϣǰ鳤亮֮ᣬұʾ
Ǹϵµ·ߴ˺ܸˣЩΪǰѾ
ǹˡѧУмλͬѧִ鳤ٶȾʮУ
ɫʵǵܹʲôȺοʱµĻ
£Уĸٰʱڲ֪Ҫٱȥٿ߾
ᣬҲЩɫһеװǻƣҲ˼ҿ
׼ǿҡڲһˡҺܿ϶װǻơ
Ҳ˵һ˾ǺöԸء
  ǣһЩعţʦڿлϱּ£ȴ
кʵϣһڽơµţģ
ϵĥΣϵû䴴ʹ֮ʮ
죬ܶ˶ԸؽǶξ
  Ѫͳ̷ۣ֮ᣬҰλ֧Եȥһ
κܳصĴᣬҲû»ԾĻĲпᣬ
֮һǣһЩһӻ̫̫µĻ
󣬴ӶҲ˼ѿ˷ľѹ̷˵
ڵ˱ͼݳ񸱹ݳΪȨƼ֮һԱԴʵе
δӦõõĺôܰѵµŨӰĻ
֡αҲĻ֡ʱҪ룬¿ʼҲ
ñҪõöࡣ(δ)