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      ¶ʮգŲ׶˹½ʾԸʱһ
йȫͷĿ˳ŭң㻹ǲйˣ
      ңͷƤסʲôգı䲻ϵй
ŴֻҪƽġΪЩĲзϵϵԩ޴ߵ
й˺ϼ䡣ȻҲٴΣһǲйȴ
ʡ
      ɴ˿춡ʲô˲йˡĲ
߼ڵǰ߼ڴȥʢһʱ˼ġ׼ַ
йС

ʫ˵

      ͡ͲףʫˡŻѪظ質ֿ
ͬǣҲɢʫЦȻƣ໮ͬ
ͬļ壬ͬĹңͬĵΪԼȲκһ
ֲκһءΪҵ඼ҵֵܡ
ҵͬνġ塯ʹɱ޹ʹ
ӳΪ¶ø˱ɹѸʹʬǳɽѪɺӣҾͻҵ
ͬеޡ
      ʫ˵ľҲ춸Զʫ˵Ҳʵϣ
ҲμӵǸȺİΣΪȿǣţǳ
֮Ϊ塣
      Ȼʫ˱Ͼһֲ޹˵
֮ϻЩʲôǸǳ֮ΪȨĶκʱ
ǻĵ·ֽߡ

ȨԽ֮

      ˵ȨԽ֮ϣԴɺΪʲôͬԼ
һȺ壬ҲһȺ塣ᡢ
ȺĻϸǸˡ˵ûиˣͲڣû壬
ȻҲ޴ӲǣһҲ뱾ȥɢ
е׻һ֤
      ȻߵȻͬԼ塣Ϊ
أȻģѪͳԼԡĻڽ̡ϰߵȣ
۵С
      ѧ骣Erhest  EenanΪʲ
ô塱ݽ˵һȺ֮ԳΪһ壬춹ͬ
ѪͳǶʢ˥ʿ빲ļһֹͬ׷֮
飬Ǿͬһ֮У׷ͬʹҵԸ

      ˵ǹͬԺѪͳʹͬһ壬
ʹ˽һģʹ˲ʶģҪǹͬĸԸ

      硰Լ˵Ϊģ֯ᣬΪѰ󱣻Ʋ
ƽȡͬΪͬ壬ҲϣͬһలΣ빲
һͬ׷˵Ȩ룬ҡά
һļ塣
      ôһ岻ܱԱƲƽȵȨ
ΪڰᡢѹƱĻȨǷͬ
ͳ⡣Ϊʲôй˲Ϊʲô
оԸѡ˵ӢֵԼΪʲôϰԽ
ҪͶŭ硣˵磬һŮƹ˶Ա޸ձ
ȡձٷй˱ѩޣĸߺΪ
˵ɾȨԦġΰĵᡣ⻹˵Ҳһ
˵һҲٺκα˴򽻵йˣΪļͥ
йʷǼȨ
      ΪȻôҪΪһ干ͬŴ
໥Ĺܣôǽνй¶Ժ¼أǧĸ
С¶ڱĹ¶Ժﱻ̵ŰɱʱŷһС
ȴΪǾٹʹޡЩйС¶˵ʲôԼ壿ʲô
йͬŴ

αĽ綨

      ָмʷˡϵĿ籩꣬Ҳ
йءڽ˶Ųٿɸʷӡ

      뵺ͳһ˶ʮҶ¹
÷˵ֻһʡĴ󲿷ְڰ¹ͳ¡ܴ
Ӣ־ȷʮԡѪս
ͳһ
      ˼־λӢ۵Ĺͬɡ
ͳһʱ־ᴴʮµ֪ʶɵġ
ǲΪսһȫɡƽȡѰĽ
־徫ǧţҪ϶ϵָΪ
ıĹߡĵ±ʡ
      йĸ춱ͲҵĿս¬±
ᣬл崦ĹͷΪһɢɳй˵
ʶǿ֮¾ѡʱν޷ֶϱ޷Ůףȫ
սһɽһѪվսʤʹлҴ档
      Ϊ׷ƽȡػȨĻģ
Ķһշս־帴˶Ϊ
ǣ¹ֱռ죬־İ֮ʿرԺ
ѧͬʹ¹Ըˡ
      ϾΪĵ䷶ǵĹͬı屾ҵļ
ֺ壬رĻȨΣ˵Ȩ
ʵȷʵǿͬһңԶΣ
ʱҪġݹ۽ִʷƣź
岻ûгΪ־ϣġΪıĹߡ
Ĵִѡ
      ЩӦñΪǼӴŲ뱾֤ˣΪ־
ķ˹ʹձǹɵĲҾ徵ĺƽپ
⣬жҵ棬ĸķڽ̵
ʹжսԩԩ౨ա֮ԳΪ
壬Ϊ䳬Խ˱ĽޣΪר塢塢۹
ͰȨ塣
      ɴ˿ɼ桢֮بһ·ֽߡȨ
ַȨУͬƽȨǵԾȨǸȨ
ǼȨĺƽȨ˽еĹȨƲȨȨ
ڡϡĿں±ûһбĸȨ

Ľ֮;

      ĳֲͬɳŵڱʱ˵ôһλȨ
Ψһֲܽͬʶ̬塢塢ڽ̡Ƽ
ͳһʶ̬Щʶ̬ѰҲֵˣȨ
Ϊṩһ·ȨŽѣһ
ׯժWeston et al.1989
      ˵ڵֹпղǣֻоȨ
죬ײпýڲԾȨĻϽ
⣬ôĿʡͶƱṩ˺ܺõİϷǺ
˹ȥܰͳΣǷȡʤ԰Ϊ
ͬȨ֧֡
      һ꣬ŷŲĿƶΪ䡰׼񡱣
߾µ׷Ϊεʱ䲻ǿнʢʯ͵Ųڡ
õĻشֶҪǣ۹񶼲Ըֵǽ
Ѫ߾ϳѺڵľԼһս
һѱ˵ĸɽȻԸ̣Ҳͺƽ
ŲСܵܶԾȨҲرĺƽȨȻ
Ȩ
      춽²μӴȨȥì쳣䡣
侳ڵĿҪѹ
ʧԴˣ̬֯ǡΣֻȨ
׷عۡ˼롢ŶѺȨη
ܿŰȨ뿪䲻ãļʳ˶
ʮηʳڿ˳͹۵ǿǴ𣬲㵼ŷ
˵ľƲáȻǳӣȡôʽ
Ȩ̬ȣ˽ͷö֮УƶĿѡ
οܱѡĿܸһ㡣

йȨ

      йʷϾȱȨĴͳǲʵйĴͳ
УʢеǼ弯塢Ȩ壬ûжֵġڴͳԼ
Ϊλͬĸ˱費ͬȨʵۡԼ
Ĺ쵼˶弯˵Ȩϣ˵
޹ᡣ
      йڽܵ۹ݱ֮࣬ɽᳫԾ
й߲ҶʲôֻۣǶһЩĽͱ
ʡ˵ЩѧΪУȨֶֻΣ
ʵġ˵һҪͿȨ
һеۣ½ʯëڴձ֮ᣬٽ
Ϳ̿սϼꡣΪλǲȨ߶Ҷ
ͳԾӣȻλڲԸ£ͰѶձ
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ԡǿرӺͼ޲׼Ĺͬ桱ǿ
ѽ׼ʶʶ֮ϡӦ춽׼Ӧ塣ʹ
ᵽ岢֧˶ҲֻǰΪ޲׼ͳ
һֶΡ
      ˮתë󶫵ġйʽ˼塱͵Сƽġйʽ
塱֮ᣬйʽ塱ʼŲµ
ȰռΧҪΪйӷһ
ʾԸȨһ͵Ա̬ѹȨӡ
רϵĲԣʵʶ̬;ĩ·й
ĸСΪĴйȨ߾ͿǵĴȡ
ÿһ˵ĴԣǵȡȨα壬ÿ
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      ŵйʽα岻ַÿһй˵ĻȨ
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