ħйıᡷı





      ħйıᡷййѧһžʮ³
һ顣˵ѧ桢ŵĿǰһνġ
ڴý飬󱨣̨Ƕй
֮£ڹһħй󡣸˵
      ýôħйԵʲô˭棿һʲô
Ļ̬һʲôйй˺ֶ
Щйϣ˽Ӧ˽ġ
      ħйıᡷԻ˵Уλй֪
ߣηʼ߻ѧߣŽѧһ
λݴѧڣһλױǴѧѧԺʿλʿѧ
λйѧͬйϵͶĹ۲죬ܾ
ѱȽͿ͹۵Ľ𡣡
      ħйıᡷһȤǱΪɿ
ġй˵ȣħһǴѧҲҪ
öࡣȻ߼ԡй˵еʧĻڶħһ
֮ᣬʧй˵͹ˣЩѧҵ
֪ʶ߼ԼֱϺ˵ﵽĴѧˮƽȻħһ
Щй֮
      ԡħһҪϣΪϣйٷȨ
»֪ߣϾѧӢѧѧʿйѧԺķѧ˶ʿһ
ʢʱʼߣǴѧǴӾӦ˵
㡣ȻϣóƷȴʮʧ֮ʣ֮
˾ȡ
      磬ϣдһžŶ꣬йʸ쵼ˡСƽ
Ѳйһ𾪺Ϳ־ľڷɽ׶Ρ仰
ָܶ࣬еһ˵˹ŵ϶Ǹˡ˹ŵ
ţĪ˹ŵҪΪйڷɶ𾪺Ϳ־壿ߣ˹ŵ죬
ɶˣߣйʶ֮ʿѺʿѾһȫ
˹ŵһȥˣ
      ӡħһϣ׫д½߼˼άȻó
ˣдĶ߼﷨޴ǴȱȽǡô˼ά۲
Σ
      ϣ˵ӰաһȺᡢԸе
ʽİı£ñɱˡ(ħй
ᣬp29)ȻõӰĹȴ˵ǲƻõӰ
һЩսʤͼġˡ˺˵
ԼСѧ꼶󲿷ѧԷֱ档ɱǿƻã벻һ
ɱǷħйıᡷλҪߡ
йȨŻ»ļߣȻ֮Ҫ𶼲ע⣬
ʵ̫Ӧá
      Ȼϣӿ黳ȣΪħйıᡷλ
Ҫ߱绤λҪԼûȥⲿӰֻ˴
ƭˣ˸ˣˡλԼȷ
ʵȥ˵ӰӢﲻĸʼմ˵
ˡ
      ׻˵飬ۼΪʵôԼܸ
˰ɣѡһ
      һžһϣλ׶ʢٰ׹ǰѷƵ
Իͣһڡȫˣ̨µ֮⣬̨
ϻվһͷƤйˣʣµһɫĽ𷢱۵ˣ
еװģŮĴ̡
      ̨ϹվˣһСʮйѪͳŮˣϸϸ
С۾ƤϱױƷĨ÷࣬Ĩһİ׷ۣ
βס߸ߵȧǺͳıӣȺ촽Ĩ(ԭ)
졣ֺð˵ǳЦավһϸߡһͷ
һŽ˷ͷطޡеĽ˿Լ
йֽм˼ŮĽ෼Լ˸ѩ졣ǰ
ǡŦԼʱפļߣǡŦԼʱפļߡ(
ħйıᡷp23)
      ֵ֣˳ĳ˵һһ߳
ζö˯ȥߡﻹȼѡȤ˵˵ɡ
      ȣλͷλŦԼʱNicholas D. KristofShe
ryl WuDunnĽ(the first name)ǵȫ(the family name
)ƺǣȻѧѧרҵӢߡһѧӢֵ
ߵ˲ӦĴƺԼϵе˲ʣͬ
һͷֱ󶫡ʯ
      ˵ЩȻûоرѡĽٸ(߿һһ
Щ˵Ĺô)ȻˢˢȫǰˣҡһɫĽ𷢱ۡ
ҪƣӶʢĹԳУ
ͬϹڻʢһȺûоرѡĽˢˢȫ
ȫˣҡһɫĽ𷢱ۡпôϣϲҫ
־崿ʹϣոҲұ֤һȺرѡ
Ľٸ¹ȫǡһɫĽ𷢱ۡɣϾطڷҷ
׷췢ڰҲǳķɫң˻۾Ҳúܡ
һǰЩй˰˽ëѵ߶˵Ƥë֪
ʶûгʱѾˮƽֻһƫһƫô
˵ͷƤ෼ǡйˡӻ
ɣԷɫѪͳж˵һרҵѵļ߸˵ô
      ˵ˡֺð˵ǳЦաһʲôЦգֺ
˵ĲǳЦʲôӣߵжϱ׼ʲôܷ˵
      ߰෼ӢҲһŮSherylתдɡѩ
ô߼һݻѽSheerylҲôתд
ôһ編ƣߵ֡ϣ⡱Ĵ·
תдɡθ룿˳һ䣬ϣ֪෼
Լ˸˼Լ˸й
      ħйıᡷһҪϣⱾΪӦ൱ѧԵ
йһѧУԼ۵еĻױòԵ
̱дȻǲ࣬ҲǲʵġʹԼ۵лױȷʵŨȷ
ʵȱݣ۵еĻױȱݣô˵ǡĲ⡱˵
Ȥζס˵ǡԲ𣬾ӲӦ֮ǣﻹǲ˵Ϊ

      ֻǸϣṩ֣Եؽһʽϸ
˲ɵõ߼ңʣϣȤζסô
Ƶļ¼ʵļ֣¼ʵǷ·أһλһ
Ҳμݽһλ˵ϣԻǡС˵ҡ棬
෼дǶ졣
      λסڻʢٵļ˵ݽľеصThe Capital Hilton
ͨԷɡ׶ϣ١Ƶ꣬νġѷƵꡱ׶
ϣ١ƵǰҲûйѷƵꡱ⣬ݽĴThe 
congressional RoomƵĶ㣬ϣ˵һ㡣λ˵
þƵڰ׹ı漴棬ϣ˵ǰ档׹ǰԲ
ΰ칫һߡλ˵ʹϣѰ׹ı浱ǰ棬׶ϣ١
ƵҲʾڰ׹ĸǰΪþƵ׹Լһ
൱йģĹ԰
      λ˵ϲμݽ˵УԲϣ˵: ̨
³ϣһˣһɫİˡλ˵ؼǵã
кˣҲвٻˣҲԲǡ𷢱ۡ
      λ˵ұ֤׼ȷ˵жٺˣٻˣΪ
Щ˻һɢȥһʱץǣԲҸϣ
Ͻ档ǣλ˵ҾԱ֤ʱץסݽ
ϣ֮һ׼ˣΪǡɾˣûܡ⣬
λ˵Ա֤̫µץϲμݽһˣ
ΪǺ෼ѣɢ֮෼˺ܳһʱ
䡣
      λھסڻʢٵļ˵ݽϽ̨ˣ
ϣ˵ˡǰݵļͺ֮⣬һʢʱļ
⻪ʢʱļһֱڽֻ̨飬ܽˣֽ
뽲˵ʴ𡣽̨ϴ󲿷˴󲿷ʱ䶼ţ˵
վšֻнݵˣֻʱվš
      λڱͺ޹൱һʱļ˵ϣ෼
òдǳ֡λ˵෼䲻˵߻³֮ݣ
öκһı׼ӦƯˡλ˵෼һ
ü꣬ûһοκγϣ˵ŨױĨ෼
ڽݻϣһлױ˵֤ʵ
ȥֻλʢʱߣһֱԱߣῴ
      ϣ˵෼СϸϸС۾߸ߵȧǺͳıǿס
Ⱥ촽λ漮йļ߶ϣ˴󵨵رе
˵ϣС˵ʷЩ෼ûеòǿϣѵ
ϣһҲı˵ô෼Ƭγ̨ȵصı
ֽ־ϣҲӡͼһĳӲƤ黤ϡĲ˵ıǿǳ
컹ǳأʵһĿȻ˺ֹǧûҲ
ס
      λ˵ôࡢô󱻽ƵΣգϣѡգ
ҥ⵽Ϊ̫ǣ˸෼ʲô˶Թλ
˵ΪǻǷйԹޣǱʲôԭϣ
Ȼֳһֺܳ壬дǡһɫĽ𷢱
ҲӲ˵ǣдԼͬȴе조ϸϸС۾
߸ߵȧǺͳıǿסԼȺ촽ûҲӲ˵С
      ˳˵һ䣬λ˵壬ָͨʾ
Ӧһ塣ͨ壬Լ
ͬ塣
      ˳˵һ䣬ϣڳ(ħ)Լͬ෼ʱõСǣ
ϡ
      ϣڡ᳡Լ͡
ǰפפߵĳģĳȫǲʵ
֮ʡ˵еװġڳһ˻˵Ҳв
ûװ磬˵ŮĴ̡ڳ˻˵ȻкܶŮ
ĲҲ̣еĸɴȲҲ̡˵˼ϸߡ
ʶ˼һֱϵ˵˼һ߰ˣ
׼й׼˵߶еǿعȥһֱڽ
һٰʮңĸͷ˵䲻˵ȴҲ˵ϸ˵
Լ˸͸Լ˸йҲûиݵġܷԼ˵
Ӣʱģ͵һĻ˸ġ
      ڿԿϣֵеĳٷ֮ʮǲʵ֮ǡ
߸С˵һʲôأļţ»簮
Ĵͳ硣ǣڽʱ׼µĽ죬ִͳΪ
ͬܡϣڡħһкü˵ʢʱı༭ξ
£һ(p3-5)Լʢʱפӱ
Ӵ(p7-8)ϣԼʾְҵºΪ
Щϲ
      Ӧ˵ǰᵽϣǷ֮˵ӡϣ
ǡħйıᡷһࡢˮƽ͵һʵ
ӦǿָǣħйıᡷһЩƾն׫
﷨߼ʵϣⳣǽӳԣΪ譲ӶĿտ
ƾٴӡħһժ֣
      Ǽ(˼෼)д˺һ飬Ҳʮ
ͷʮ㡣ǡChina Wakesһžͼ鹫˾档
      China Wakesʲô˼
      ChinaйһĿȻwakeһʣȴһ˫أ
ʿѡ⡣йѡƺǸĿwakeͬʱ
顱˼ͳˡй顷һɭɭĿ
      wakeһʵ˼ǡѡǡ顱ȫġͨȫ
ͿѡʵĿּ⡣ѡǴۣ
顱⡣й顷дйԸĸ￪رǰʮĩʮ
᷽ļʵƷейࡢҲΣ
ʬ⣬ȻַǷʵֻǹӲдΪԼ(
ħйıᡷp212-213)
      ⼸λѡԡħһĵ£ʷ󡣾ݸ
ܣλǰڱѧӢѧ˶ʿѧλڶϦǴѧ
ʿо⼸λľʴڡwake͡顱ϣϸ˵˵㼼
ԵС⡣һεеġּ⡱ȻǡĹ衱֮λδ
ĲʿԶѧϰƺûһȽϺõĴǵ䣬ƺ
Ҳûͼȥ顰Ĺ衱ȷд⣬Ҳ
ԭ¡˷ʥͣ޹οʥͶзʱ
      ȻѧһҪǶ׵ĳʮ
Сģ˵ѣ˵ͲӦ˵򺬺ʡ˵China Wakesһž
ͼ鹫˾桱ȻûдﵽһҪλʿо
China Wakesһʱ鵱ֱߡʹֱߣϢ֮
㣬China Wakesһĳʲô(Times Books)ҲǾ֮͡
ϧ߲Ϸ֮͵鷳˵һͼ鹫˾桱
ߺܷѲꡣָ֪һͼ鹫˾˵һ湫
˾ͽСͼ鹫˾ͼ鹫˾
      ˼෼China Wakesһ飬ȫ˵ϡ
仰ݣ˵: йڰʮĩʮиʽ
¾⣬˵йĿǰֳ޴ķչǱںܶ෽
ȡ˲תķչͽһʼ˾Ϊ˵Ļ
й硱λڳʱרིĵѣ
ΪӦѸΪĵġйˡǡйˡȥ
ٰ¡
      һЩΪλ߶йǰ;춿ãйеĻǱ
۹ֹۡйۣ˴̸ֻ˳һᣬ
̨뱾Ŀǡݡй뱾Ŀǡйˡ
뷨дԣոԭַȻŬԭԭ
⡣ɹۣԭĵ̬Եġ
      ȶԣ׻ʷλпʽĴԣȻ
뵽China WakesԷɡй顱λʿоΪ˻˸
дԵĽ͡ȻǵĽʵ̫⡣ġ顱һʵе
顱ô׻˵ˣǿˡȻʷ
˵Ӳдй(Ȼû)ȻΪԼ(ȻѾ)й
˻ûһ˻һܽԼһΪֲΪԼ
飿ЩؼԵļ⣬λʿоɲ꣬û͸¶

      ʹӢĽǶwakeͳɡ顱Ҳ಻׿˷ѡ
ȣִӢУwake顱ʱʡChina WakesУ
Wakeһʡһ͵Ӣ-лӢ-Ӣʵ䣬Կwake
顱һֹ÷ԡҲ˵ִ׼ӢУû˰wa
keһá⣬ӢҲƲ˭Ϊ˭⣬Ʋǻ
йǷܽԼһΪֻ⡣
      λʿоƲһݻ֣ѭԵĳ棬
߼Ϊ˴ﵽԼĿģԱ˵˼͡롣λ
ʿо˵һɭɭĽ͡룡ɭɭѧʵķʽ
֪йıѧѧģϦѧʲô
ѧģλʦѧģ
      λʿйй˽ͳйȥΪ
飬Ϊѧ̫һʱͿ˵еѧڼ1+1=ʱ
򳣳òȷĴ𰸡Ȼ༣ʷĴ
νʵĴԵĴ͵ʱͷѣĿȷҲ
˵ͷѵⷸ󣬹ףһѧ⡣
ʾʷλѧӺܶࡣﲻʷժChina Wa
kesһλΪ(ħйıᡷp214)
      Ǹей͸Ƿʱһ
ıԵרƶǷ֮¹Ӳд˴ȨԼ
й˸ǵĺܶйѶ˵йڸãҲȷһ
(p10)
      ʷλѻ˱ѧӢѧ˶ʿѧλĲʿоȻ
λӢзˮƽʵǡʢ֮ʵѷ˴Ĺ̬
Ľӽϣ⡣
      ̶һη˵ȥķ©°˾Ŵָ
Եӡ1)λrepression(ѹ)ɡרơ2)legitimacy(Ϸ
)ɡơ3)Communist Party members(Ա)ɡ
ˡ
      ֪רơ롰ѹȻϵУȴܻȺš磬
רƳɹһ־ǲѹơҲһ͵춡Ϸԡ
磬ʼʻϣԶιԡơȴ˵кϷԡ
ȻԱǡ춡йˡ
      ʷһٳͷȥβժ룬ָChina Wakes߶
ľ޴仯ӶֻһһΪйһĩͼ(p214-215)
ȻǴ丽ᣬ֯ݺֻҪѱʷ֫ԭչʾҪ
ֻҪһΣͿԿ⣺
      At times like that we felt China was like Brezhnev's Soviet Unio
n----or      like gorbachev's in the sense that it seemed to be hasten
ing toward collapse China was surviving on repression rather than legi
timacy run by a few old men who were steadily alienating themselves ev
en from Communist Party members. Many of our Chinese intellectual friend
s insisted that China was rotting away and there were many times when 
we believed it Yet as the 1990s progressed we came to realize that t
here was another side to china as well Some 900 million of China's 1.2
 billion inhabitants are peasants and I never got very far when I trie
d to discuss human rights or democracy with them. It became clear that i
f Sheryl and I focused just on the way the regime bullied and tortured i
ts critics we would be missing a major dimension of the story
      ԭģ߿ԺؿChina WakesһλõȻ
ǡȻǡĽṹʷ߼תնϣֻժ
Ȼ֣ԭʵ̵Ӳ˵ߵʵʽۡԭǽ
ԼйʵʽĹڶߣҪĿֻǶȨ
ϣ۲йҪƫȫʷλȴ֫ԭģȻ֫
ԭĶ߷ԼȻ֪ûиݵָءʹֲ
ַЩ⡣
      ħйıᡷһּҪ¶ýħйǣ
Ӹ󲿷ȻŬħΪﵽһĿ
ĶֶΣſڿ֮洦ɼܹܲߵȽѧ
ݣö߲ɵöԡħйıᡷе档Ϊⱳı
塣ҪȻźáħ
йıᡷһʹ͵͵ʹֶΣе
йߡߣһ߳ĵĻʵ
͵ġࡱùѻּЦǿЦǳЦ
      (1997214춻ʢ)