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һͶıģ

      ڴѧѧģѧǰԵѧȤ־Ҫһ
˹̹ѧҡǣսڵʵʹ޷пѧ
رһһ±İɫֲҼĸߣӴˣ
޷˵ͶйԿѧ澫񡢸
ԼԸ͸ϵͶ춸ġʱΪԼ˴
Ŀѧηĸϵڽ̾УΪںһģ
źǣȴҶ˼ë󶫵äӺšһ
°˲Ϣɡɡţֱһžѹ


      ˶ǰǡ˫١͡š˫١Ƕһ
չʮĻӦڿѧĻʵСٻţټǿ
ҵңڵдġѧҹ彨衷һһµƪ
ӿѧʷϺѧ֤һ롣ʱйѧԺѧооѧ
ѧһ³ë󶫡δڲìܡΪ
ȷڲìܵ⡷ϸʮëȫ
Ͻ¼ܵһĹ衣һУëٻ
ţټ벻ʹѧչĺ÷ƶ֮Ҳ
ǽһйĺ÷߸ᣬȴƶ֮
ɡͷϡ⡣ٵʿ塢
塢壬Ҫһ־ĸ־ʿˡԡһУҰѻ
η򹲲Ϊšߣë󶫴
յʮʮڱضԸɲٽ˾ŴλЩ
Ҫ㣬Ҵ༰ʱ˴ͨѧÿζеܡ
ʽʼ˶ٵʿһйǣޱطԼ
νšҪ֮䡰ǽͨëҪ
ĸɲԵʿĻҪһ룬һڼʮ
Ըɸ˵ѧԵίԿȡУ
еһᣬǱͬˣһ


      ּ˸˵̹ϵԴʷԱ£Сƥ𡱺͡
ʿΪ֪áĴͳй֪ʶӣΪ˱ǧ겻ʢʥ
޹˼ɵؿԣʹһ³ΪйʷϿǰֵġš档
³գʲôУҪɱĻҲˡ
ձ˽⵽ⴿȡ죩ʱڣÿ컨Сʱ
ȥ󿴴ֱͼоųĸҳ
ìеĻìܺ͵ǰҪìܡһϤǰйѧԺ
֣ʱѸΪѧ磩ң˵ǰܡӢ
ͳΡҲ޷Уñ˰Թ³Ǻ¡ҳ
Թë󶫵äţκƫ빲˼룬
ڼҲûзŹκνۡ෴ʱ
ҶҪԷѧһεԱǸ̸ϣһϵԱѧ
ԺҪìǡ쵼СҼʾԣΪʵǷ񶨵쵼
ǰѧԺҪìǣ͹СڳĶԱͬ
ҵ

      ڳŵȳʱҲ벻°ͻȻ졣һ
Դ汨ظʿԹĸּġձ
һȫ۵ڰ˰棬ڿ˶Щȫ淴
ݼơۡΪʲôŵΣԣɷ򹲲
˽׼쵼Ȩսһɡ˫١ҵ
ϲһĴŭɶΪʹʧ񣬺ܿЩ
ŵĸɲë˵аٷ֮ʮϸɲԡ˫١еִ
ë󶫸ɵģǾԡëϯ·ߡҳϵԱԾӣԷɶ
ٿεԱǸɻϣҶһԣѲȫ̵˳
ΪձͻȻʧҲǲµģҲ
ûСǶԱǷŵģҷ䡱ô
Զţ˵ˣᣬҽڹԶѧ
ѧȻ֤鳤ģѧԺίǣй
ίԱھӣ꣨ѧ֪ҶȷëԼ߻ģ
򵳽Ȼˣҵ˼Ҳͨˡһǰ
ʮգëдĵļ仯ԭëδ
߳ǰѲ˷˶˵ɡʲ׼塱޳
ǡϲˡ㡣ƣڸλ֪ʶ
䣬ɴԼռٷ֮һٷ֮ʮ

      ҹԷ˶ҳ˿ѧԺһɣһտѧԺ豱
ٿһȫԺдᣬҪҡձ¶ʮ
ͰһٿҵıһµĴСУұ
Ϊҷӡϼң㽭ٺũ壩˶ʮũ񣬿Ͷ
ĸһ߰ؿѧԺһ߾õ
һβͣΪҵʱԵ룬Ǵġĵ˵
һβ͡ΪԷ˶Ϊɵģδ
˵еڶˡ

ǡıı

      ˶ʼᣬë󶫵سԼ߶źͷҵļıǡ߳
ġıǡͶҴͶ޴һҶ
ëҵı𡣿ɱǣұΪ׼˺רũ
ͬΪӡᣬȻë󶫺͹Թ
Աı׼ҪԼֱһڱΪ桶˹̹ļ
Ŀýࡢë󶫹춡סֱݣ֡޲׼Ļԭ
һƭ֣ŲųɴνԾ͡ҡ
ȻҲδƭ֡š塱ŵë󶫡ʵҪйʷ
˵ͣʷǰġΰĴ١ҡԾĻ
ʷһ֡󡱣Ƕ֪ĹȻıѡϧ̫
ˣҪڵʮʷࡣ
      Ҫ˽ⷴ˶ʷ࣬һؼǣҾǡı
ıνıָëĳģȴû
ë󶫲òյ룬۶֮ĲԷë
Լһ˵ʱҲΪ档ǣĸڣҶӡë
󶫽ļһһʡίǻϵĽ
ʱë󶫾ڸ߼ɲ˷˶һڲì⽲
ţһּߵеļııԭ
չʮ̨һΣйҲôһЩϳһЩУҲ
ֹۣҪѽ쵼ѽ岻ѽ˵ȵȡ
ôһЩ˼룬ȥûнټǽЩͳˡ
ǲʲôʲôһ
β;ͱץסˡ¼һôǰйЩ˶
ͬʱй¶ˡ˫١ݣ˼ͷ˼
ĶֻܴڱͳεĵλĿУ˼ľʮżң
Զֻܳ䵱˳ӵıͳߣˡټ˫ɻ硣ϧҲ֪
νټ棬ΪйִսʱڣԼŴϣ
ŷոѧپ档ǣë󶫵Ū£ȴǶ
ѧĻȫר֪ʶӵ޾ѡ

      ʵӳë˼롱ƪҪһġë
ѡУûӦӡˣά½һԼ
ɵСƽġ춽ʷľš
ʷʱظëһ˵۵ϵǣ
ٷΪɻӡֱʮֹ۵㡣һž
ë˽ҽ־Ļ¼ҲֵߵǷǵ˵˵ʲôë
оɵġۣܵë׼ݺݡ
ʿҽȻ˽ʵ飬ëԱͷ覲褣
Ȿ¼ԲʧΪ˽ëƷļΪʷϡ

˶ڡ󻯡

      ˶ʷĵڶؼ۷˶Ļ
ԾһǷʷԵĵʩά͵Сƽ˵Ҷ
ǡȫȷͱҪġֻǡˡ

      һʮºҫй뵳УУֳй
֯һ߰꣬뵳Уչ׼ۣӰ
Զ˼˶ͬʱ֯ƶƽʷɹ
һԩٴΪĸ￪ŵ춨˻춺ҫŬһ
߰ʮй˸ɵľ
ļɡʱ֯ͨѧԺϵͳλܲҵɵ
鲿̸߿ࡣܴ󣬸λһ߾ſʼ֪
ѧԺϵͳֳȥѧԺȫõֵע
ëƺܡġǣһ¶ʮڳɶ˵ѧ
ԺѧͳšŵĻ㽭ʡԼʡҲȫ
ˡһ߾йдһ棬ָë󶫵˵
ˡڣνǵۡׯԺ
ƽίԱᡱҪУǲ׽Ӱ丽ᡣ䶯һʱ
ν²սټڻ飬ҲĪеݡάΪ׵
ͳսһŰ¸йıУȻϡˡ
֯ϲڣȴΪǴڵģˣ²¡ԼӦ
ƽʱܸ˼ӣʹԲѵ϶ҡ
ȫҪġȷġάԲȡһ̬ȣȻΪάë󶫺͵С
ƽţΪСƽһйǣִзҶҪ
ˡ

      ĸ飬ȫʮɵõδĽǧˡ
ǧУԭλֲ֯䲻ԭ򡣾
ˣʽռʽɡģ.Ľռ
.οɼվסŵġȻϣ.Ǹ
ˣȴҪһŰһġ춽ʷľ顷ӲͷƤ
˵ǡȫȷͱҪġǡصˡһʲô߼
      ڡɡǰӡʽ֣Ϊ˶ʱСѧʦ
ũɲҲ˴ɣܴʮһϼ
ܼͬලͶãйСѧʦũɲлɣ
Ǿ͸Ĵӻñӡժñ͸Ƕûзݡ

ġһŰꡰ˶ʷѧۻᡱģ

      ˶ġΰʤʹë󶫳ͷԣΣȻԱʼ
ҫԼӵ峬ʼһٱ˵ʲ׼һЩĺáǣ
£˵ٻܽ˵滰˶һͷȫ
ȸ˶ʼġԾĵҪڼ֮ڽ빲壬ȫ
˼ǧˡΪʧܱԡ޲׼Ļ
ʱʮĻƽٺ˶һ߰ġҷĻ
ԾȻˣԷ˶ȴһŰһµСƽ
ĿǰƱһ껹صΣԣԴΪɻĸݡǷ˶
ʷ˽һѴĦ˹й֪ʶӵͷϡ

      Ϊ˽ͷϵѴĦ˹һŰҺͷ֮㹲
ͬٿһ˶ʷѧۻᡱһʶ
ģƿľһʡǷ֮ȻСʮ꣬
춶ѧģҶʮֳ羴˹̹ȻΪĪ֮һŰ˾
ϳΪѡһ㲻٣˶ʷۻǷ
֮뵽ģйĸ̫ͨĻԴٽһ¡ʮһʮ
գ֮򸾺ҼҾۻᣬ۷⡣ڶһŰ
ա֮ú棬˵ҪӰ죬ڡձϷ
ϢҶΪܡһϣѧۣ
˹࣬˴Լʮ˵һʮɹ
ĲοĿ֮Ը£˵غϷݣϵصҼ
緽֮ȥϺڽͨѧͬôѧȴ˹ĸ
ĽԾ˭˭Ƿ֪ͣʶӵʹ͸Ĳ
һʷۻŸ壬Ÿдúܵ壬Ҽ˴ӡ
ķˡһľһɸ˷ȫѧۻᣬӦʮ
ҡ

      ǷԼʮţТͨǮΰ⣬ظҶ
顣ӡ̵ĻУѧԬࡢˮѧһɽӰۼ
ᡢļޡ塢ϱɡѧҰ롢ѧѡ
顢ѧϳɡ㽭νɳšǸ¼ɳĺ˳
вûɣҲҪμӻ顣һԭ֪
ɣŽѵң˵нֻۣڴ˿ۡ
תɣѼʶ٣綡ᡢʡӿȣ벻㽭Ҳð
һ

      ʮ¶ʮգ֪ͨң˵ձ쵼Ҫ
ֻհ졣½⡣ʮѮʼϷʡ人Ϻݡ
̳ѧϽҪУֹ춷֮˵ʱ
ǮΰͨǼĸķʷۻͽ֣
֮һҰļңԳй
Ȼûȫָδָ廪ѧУĹְǲͬ
ʮʮ磬Сƽٺҫ˽ҫ
ֹѧ֮ġɻʱ廰˵֮
㡢ҪʮᣨΪʷѧۻ
Ϊᣩǵ˵Ҫ˵ǮΰֺܺӦ
ãǮΰȻȫЭϯ

      һŰĩǳţ·ֻصһһ귽
֮еĶ˷ĻҲڲܵСϦ죬
ƲصҼңȰĿǰ²Ҫᡣڶ죨Ԫһ磬
ȥմӺϷʻķ֮Ŀǰֶҥ̫࣬
޷ƽľѧ⣬ԭ³ĻֻƳ١ȫͬ⡣ᣬ
Ȼѧʷоίʽﵳ벻׼ǿָʾ˵
һҪìܵʻתġתΪìܡͬʱͨ
֪λýӵ֪ͨ˲μӻ顣ʵϣǰ֪֯
ѾʱᣬҲΪѲڡʱ˵ڿ֮
㡢˵֮ᣬ׼ٿʮˣ׵塣
˴ģǵʱ⡣

      ᣬ֮ᱻٷȫӡ˹
ǵժࡣժࡷеһƪǡӢ㡢
֮ٿ˶ʷѧۻᡱ֪ͨȫġеԩΪ
Ƿ֮ġ֪ͨҲִʣ˵ȣΪ
󣬷ʱأǶϵˣ;˳
ŹѷͷϣʵûеġȻ
ڶαҪΪ£ԼʱҲ˵ġһ
žġԴУԴֲֻᣬδ˷ѽ

塢Լ˶ʷ

      ˶漰й֪ʶӣй֪ʶӿǰѣʷ
ҲʷǰġʷۡӡںʮַḻǷǳֵо
ʮڣ˶ʷһǺܶǰһдģ
뱾ݺܵȫԵʱıȱķһ
ڳġйɡ㼯걨ν¶еĲϣ
ʵαǷĪ磬ûʷȫòϸ˵㲻Ϸ˶ʷ
ıӰ죬ֵһ

      һһӢߣιѧڣη
оΣ˷Roderick MacFarquharġĻԴ
һڲìܣһ һߡʮѳ˶뱾
߱ΪӢйоȨġйĻΪ
ѧĻΣҲòȥⱾ顣ǣᣬʮʧб
Ūĸоڡԡ˵ģëξͬ˹ֵĲͬ
ۣϯҲܱܣ֮߱桰Ի͸ʹõ
쵼ȨëеЩ޷޲ƽѡ˫١˵ǡ
ɻߡڡ˵ëɻʧܣǶ
ȨĳشëʵͨʽͿʵֵԱƷ
κγԵת䡣ΪĻԴëһ
͡Ҫ֤ݾҵĿڡһ¶ʮա
ҵۣˣ桢ѹëϯʵϣ
˵ģ廪ѧһλѶ˵ģҲţֻѧ֧
㱨벻ǰͱձصۣ
硱Ҳűˡⴿᣬ˷ȴ棬Ϊë͡
ҪݡⱾЧνķֹѧдйʷжٿŶ
ֵûɵġʮȥţָ˽й飬Ա
ĶΪ棬ϵҸëһһʡ
ǻϵĽ˵šɻһ֡߳ļı
޷⡣йȨı̫¡ˣͷԼ򵥵ȷʵ
⣬ԼҲǱɱʮ֮ŻȻġ

      ڶһžһ۾ʮ־ġıҡǰᡷ
һžֳ޶ƪһ߶̣ĸҵ廪ѧ
ϵʮѧвһѧϵ
Ĺ˵ˣҵʱд飺ı˻ƽ١
¼ʮѣҡԾ͡Ļǰ
Ѿ档һˣĸʱͿʼռϣ׼ʷ
ıһɹ֮Է˶ʵʺȥú
ץס˷˶Ҫë󶫵֪ʶһ⣬ʷݵ
һһԵӰѵУø˵ıʴ֪ʶ
ܵĽѡһ˲й֪ʶӵѪʷ
      
      һžຣġʼĩҶң
ʮҵ춱ѧѧϵдܶƻС˵дʵѧ
ٳ飬춷ľͳüⱾҳȻӡţйһ
Ȩķҡʷ߲ɷùһЩǣǵľ˱Ƚϸ
ĽܣЩһʷϼֵ忴һʷ
̸ʲôȨԡȣֻڹٷ춷ʷ۵Ŀڴת
һЩؼԵʷʵӶ磬Ȼᵽһһë
ʡίǻϵĽṫ˵컨׹
νڲì⽲֮ϵĽβе
˹ٷĽۣΪǡȫȷıҪģֻǡصˣ
˲ҵдʷȻûп͹۵ǷǱ׼ȴҪڼΪȨ
δЦڡǡУ߱ʾɵͬ飬һǧǧ
ΪŤ顱ΪߵȻŤˣһʲ
ô̬ʷʵĿɿԣƺûжȤԳһ귴
ʱģ˵ٶɡǣְ֪Աеɾ
߰ٶ࣬ѧٶࡣпеġ¼Уѱڷ
ԼΪܣϺҲñӣɼ顰ʵ
ʵҪۿ۵ġ

      ıһžôġйת ҡ
ʷ߻񣨱дһλûܹκ
˶йϸɲ֪ͶԹ˵ĹģԼܽӴ
ϣдⱾɫķ˶ʷߵд̬ǺϽģ
ʷʵиݣǸ¼еʮŸļʮѵöкܸоֵԭ
ʼϡȽȫطӳˡҡǰйֵĸìܺΣ
Ϊ˶ʷоṩһΪҰвǣҰˣ
ȴˡ˶˶֪˶ʵ֪ʶ
˶ëзҵۣìͷҪǶ֪ʶӵġС
ۡУʹë󶫵Ī¡˵ģǰйҪìСʲ׼
Ĵ֪ʶ޲׼С֪ʶӵìܡάҲϣ¡仰ë
󶫷˶ؼõġϧڻⱾ֪ʶ߱
ûڶĽ׼ìУڷȻ޷ﵽӦеȡ⣬Ϊ
ݵڲϣһвɲνżܶļë
ǰһϵʮҪڲкٷӳˣʹ߶Է
˶ʷγһ̶󡣾ˣⱾ黹һܿɹ
ʷṩʷ϶ʮмֵġͶ̵ġı
һ档֮Ͷ˶Է˶ʷоҪ
ףЩӦøлǡ

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