й̸˵


	


һйΪβ̸У

	¶ʮտֶͳڱ뽭ϾеļдҪ
йԻй˫ѹ˵й
ͼӴûʽ̸еļ
	йһ߾ĸֶʱɵСƽ
Ӽᣬ϶̸ʮ꣬һɡ
жϡ̸޽ĸԭйҪйɷָ
һݣܲϴ˵㡣һŰһŰ˰ġƽ
ƻ롰˹˹ƻҪййΪ(ʵҲȷʵ)
һžһ겨޵ĺСʱܹ裬ƻ
Ҫȫ½ҲйҲȻ̸֮Сһž
ʮһմͻȻ̸˵ҪֻҪΣصĹ⽻
йƹܣʵСһơ(ڹͬµ)ƺҪ
йˡʱж̸Сɴ˿ɼƻ
̸е˵ġ׳ɡƵġ´
йһݣйЭڴж̸УҲ޿
κΡԴһؽ˳йҪ
Լ˱˵ʡӴᣬһ
ҪֻҪΣҪй̸Сй֮ԳйһΪǰ
̸֡Сйһ(һžʮһ
յ磺̸ܾ)̸
	ϹйҶϣйһݣ˭Ҳ޷
ϵķʵйҪһʵȫϹʹҪ󡣽
߻˴˵ᣬֶ˵ͬΪйһ
Ϊй֮һΪʲôһչԻȾ
¶ʮաһϴѰһ
ּҪй̸С(ġͨѶһ
žŰߡº)ֶͬĶϣ˵ӹʹ
ֶͳû̸еĳ⡣
	˵ҪֻҪΣ־ܲйһݣ
ìܵġѧָ̿εǰǳ
Ȩѧʵ䡷˵ε춶һȨڲ
ĳӵĳ̶ֳȵĹȨȻܲйصȨ
˵νβǱĵܵܵڽܷ߶
²ɷʱһ˴ĲԣΣȻٰй˸ߣӢ
˱ϳӡһνǸ𲽡(£ʱ
棬һž)ǣڲйһݵǰ»
ΡվȽŸһ¼й̸
ĸԭ
	֮޿֣ΪĳЩ֧֡

Ծ˫ر׼

	սйһһй
ʱݵϹ춹ʹҸԤȽܡʮЭ顷
һᣬϹͨ1353ž飬ǴйַȨһ
һϹͨ1723ž飬ҪԾߵһϹ
춸ֳعձԡȻ߱ìܡ
ڶ˵ԾȨȴ˵ȨҲݷѣ˵
Ȩݸ档ǿԼҪʱһʱ
һ˫ر׼˵֧ضʱԮ
ԾȨǽֹ˹ǵά˶ʱԮȨҲݷ
ѡϷʱֿͳԥطѹֿϼõ
ǽϿһģоٵֿϵΨһǡ˹ҵͳ
һһֶδϳūɼҲѹͳһɡȨ֮ϣΪ
ʲôйȨȹҵͳһأȥˡ¿˹͹
ԥѹΪʲôйȨѹضأ
	ǿϰѡԾ롰Ȩ(ԾĴ)е
ȻǴ֧Ӣıո˹ԾĿΡ
˹ˡԾİ˹ˡ̩ԾӡȵĿʲ׶
Ծ䡢˵ĿԾ˹̩׶Ծ·˹
ԾڿĿԾ³ǵİԾĦߵĵ˹
ذ͹ԾĳԾݽ--ԾҲ֧
˹ĿԾⲻ˫ر׼ʲô(νָ֧֣Ϲǿ
δͨҪЩЩԾ)

ȨCatch 22

	Catch 22Ӣĳ(idiom)ԴJoseph Hellerͬ
С˵ķɡڶʮ桷ָԶӮѴ硰
ûйҲҲԶй
	һŰԺͨġл񹲺͹ַȨ
701֡ᷢ֡()ˮƽ
棬ԶԶй(5)˼ʿй
ɵΡĻ뾭Ӱ족еһ
ǳΪصˮƽᣬйɳ
ԱùԱԱĻߡʦҽԱ丨Ա
ȥأľҽԺѧУ糧̨̨ת
·̵ꡢӰԺʾ֡СԢ¥ˮˮ̵
ȣּòִȴ˵ɡ񡱣úûˡ
ı塱(һŰȨίԱݽ)Ա
Ȼϣйȫÿ˷һյƣֻ֮˵һ
ҪơӡӰҽԺѧУɻЩͻԶ֣
йȥشľϧԴӡ췽ҹ̷ʱȥᣬ˲
ˣй޴ӽڣԼҲ죬ֻȥش
ľֱָΪı塱أֱָΪӡ
òƶᣬӲַȨCatch 22

	ԺһžġȨ桷Ҳϣйҿ
˲˵ˮƽĵ()ӦȨ
ˡȻñȴһת˵йʹزִıص
ͳʽƻصĶĻһCatch 22ǵȻˣǰ
͵ơյţ࣬ڵ˵ơúǰûеӡӰ
绰ơ(ִ)ҽԺ(ִ)ѧУˮɻ
ͽıشͳʽĻӰ꡷ʾ
йǰܾãӰӳԶӢ
ⶼشͳʽûеģӰӳʱȫ
ֻдСԺ߼ͷıشͳʽ
ͷƻضصĻ
	մȨʿ߼ֻͣʽʽ
ȨǴûпղر缢ƿʵ׷ִ
ҵ֧֡ضǿǴйַȨķ߶
¶ϣһĻתͲһȴû
ûֻнǮʱװܵá()о
嶼ӡڰˡ˹ĦҲ
ϹһŰͨġչȨԡ˵ȷϷչȨҲǲɰȨ
繫ϣչִȨʿڡشͳĻ
˵ķչȨǲһʽַȨأ
	һǴйصѧú()ǻ
ĻԺҲָĶԲѧܸߵȽز
ضصĻʵϵĲûпƼʻ㣬Լ
ӡȰѧҲòӢ޹ֺѧGrunfe
ld˵ﾭǴйѧУúｲΣ
еαΪӡȵĲѧУѧӢ(The Making of Moder
n Tibet)մԼ߼ԼҲڻĻԺ
ǿ֪ܲһ㡣Ӧ֪ӡڰصѧУѧ
ҲӢӡڰӡڰҪܸߵȽӢͷҪ
ԡҲһô㲻ӡڰĻĻأ
	йΪòĽڲѧһŰר֯
Ƽʻ㣬̲ġһžйʷһײ
Ƽʵ䡪غӢѧǵ䡷غӢѧǵ䡷롶غӢѧǵ䡷
ȰĻһƣΩ˱뷢չĻ
ʮ꣬ȴ಻һĿƼǵɴ˿ɼٴһŰ
йȴӱ뷢չĻ
	ϵĲļȻѧʻ㶼ûУȻдѧҽũ
ִѧʻ㡣ôйصѧҪô̺ģֻ̲ģô
ѧԶйϴѧȨʿһ˵ӣ
ҪôȽ̲ģҲ̺ģȨʿ˵ǻضصĻ(
ؾͶûпƼʻִѧʻ㣬޷Ƽ֪ʶִ
ѧ)һCatch 22

ġġ롰Ȩ

	һǴйַȨڽȺһǰũ
ūַȨѧMelvyn C. GoldsteinA.Tom Grunfeld
ϸģҲ޷ϣȴְٰΪ֮绤(ɷô֮
º)ʷϵַȨũūƵûУߺ
롰Ȩʱжٳ⡣´ʱȻض
ʾǴšﻹڽɡı
ӡȺ(̵һɱ)ͽʱ־TIME
(һžŰʮһ70ҳ)NEWSWEEK(һžŰʮһ64-65ҳ)˱
ǰ߻ʾƬؿԴΪ
롰ȨʿǼķ̡ӡȺᣬڵ
ͬǴΩдΪӡȱ绤˵ӡȨչ("His Ho
liness the Dalai Lama's View on India's Nuclear Tests", World Tibet Netw
ork News, һžŰ, ¶ʮ)
	һġعܷݰ涨Ǹ̺һĹң
ڽ䣬ǡعԪס˫ݵ
ڽ̻֪̺һ͵磬ҲڰĸԴ
Ҫ̺һʵ̷롣̷
ԭ򡣷ܷ2涨̷Ĺ͹ǰͳ
һʮ˹ݽʱ˵Ϊ̾Է
κνû̻ᶼԻȨκԱʾ
̻ʡȫ½»½ָ֯ʾκڽֱ̻
ӻӵؽԼ־ʩ춹ڻԱǵڽǲɷָ
ĳһ̻ΪӦΪн̻ķԡ(The Harper Collins Dict
ionary of American Government and Politics, һžŶ, p.519)ֹ
ȨѣΪڽ䣬˾ԵζȨ˿
֪ܲصڽ̷ֻƽ̡̡׽̵̡Ĵɣ⻹һЩС
ֻǻƽ̵䡣ҪԼΪƽ־ʩ춹
ԱҪɵڽ(տϵ˵ӦΪнɵķ
)
	ʣйëʱڽ̵Ļ£һ
йԪ޸һǧٰ߰ʮ
ǧٰʮɮᡣȻйġ˶Ҫɮ
᲻òμӲضѧϰƶȡ̷᳹ԭ򡣴Դ
ָйСڽȺ˵ͼڽ̸ԤΡѹңΥ
˹ʹԺҲ˵йڽ̻
̸ضѡûСضݣôѩɽʨ
ò˲̷롢äõĴͳɿضⲻڽ̻
ǿ˵İڽ֯־ֱӻӵʩ춹ڽ̸Ԥ
Ļ
	춴ָйȷ¡Goldteinָ
ԽԽõĴͳص΢ķ֮
һǿӵķ֮һӳΪɮ治ܽͶ
Ȼķ֮һĸŮҲɷ򣬶Ҳò±ӦӴµͶ
ⲻַ帾ŮȨGoldtein ˵ڽǾᷢչ
Ҳǡ(ָ)ĸԭ(A History of Modern Tibet)
йĿǰɮռ˿ڵİٷ֮ǿ󳬹
˷̩ıٷ֮塣
	һ˵йһٶʮˣĶξҲ˵
һˡǰͨй˿ʵıȽ֤
ѣԼһ˵(ɷô)һŰ
ݽʱ˵ййĲѱ
õóйϡ֤

塢µս

	ᣬǳ˵սˣȻϵսδ֮
б䱾֮ơĳЩΪʲôҪⳡµսԭ
һᣬйΪ˶Ĺòض
ڶ춸йòضɹš½˶
йʹ֮ڶΪǲϣһʮڻ˵й
³ǿһŰ˾ŵƽǰ˾䣻
Ϸйĺ֤˵춷йȶй
Ȥ
	ЩйʿҲòضйʹйǿ
ģ״һҪǡء
ռйķ֮һǿմ֣ءڹ00ˣ
50򺺡͡ءǼסŭɹšڡԣ̡硢
ˡά1߸(Ƕ˵йȥй
Զ)½ά˿Ҳɵɹ
ء˹̹ɹŹͻйһ
ϱ˹ʽս춡ءĵͼ½Ĳ
أά֮ҲᱬսƲйй
һ˿̨йȴ꣬Ȱ취й
й񸶳ĴǷ̫̫пˣ
	ڶйĲ춶˹ֻռ˿ڵһ룬
ȴռй˿ڵİٷ֮ʮֻҪ岻սκ嶼
ֻҪй̨Ͳսض˶ǡǡ˰й
Ȩۺá˵ʵݵġ
	ȥʮһһգ񵽹ѧݽʱ(ض̨
ν3T˶)ʾԼһǧˣвض(󲿷)
ⲻΪ档ǾԼǧֳǺ졢ߺһ
ӭϯˡġʱΪѧоְԱش󲿷
Ҳμӹͬ˾ˣѧʱ󲿷ѧҲͬ˾
ˣΪʲôڰһ뻶ӭϯأ벻Ϊϲй
רƶã˶Բض֧淴ийѧ
ңûô˲μӲضʾͲôйȥӭ
񵽹ǰ죬йѧѧٿˡۻᡱ
ʵֲضᣬ᳡Ⱥ鼤˻ӭĶԱᡣ
и̨ˣҲԼʹض(ϼһžʮһ¶աձ
һžʮһʮաʿšһžʮһա
סڲʿ٣Ҳӵ￴ʵμ̸ʵ)Բض
Ĵ֧˺ܴáȻйפŦԼ¹Ҳ˵
ʿ֯ӭûļܶԱôˡǳ
ۣԽֲ֧ضԽԾĳЩйӢԽУԽӵй
йͳԽ̺ԽŽ(ֹ壬ԲضҲΪСһŰ˾
ɧʱض£˵ӡ
ǧ˹ֵܣǸǵ£Ǿͽմڴķ
ӣض첻)ĳЩййڿ
˰йͳΡǿϷԡйãԴٽй
Ҳûʲôôǰﵹæ
	Ը˻ȰĳЩʿϣйӦֹͣ
̼й壬ֶйصȨִ
ҪйǾҪĴۡ񡶻ƻдƯ
ζԸ
	ҲҪȰأǾӦơļ
йصȨй̸Уֻ硣ʱض
û˾ϵ䣬ͻᱻᵭ(˹̹˶˰
ͣ޾䣬Ϣ)ҲͿɢ