  й


  С


      Ŀǰй½ʮصĸ󣬹йǶԴ˶ʮֹ
ȻǶԹִĴ󲿷вͬĿǣҪЧؿƺͼ
ٸһȴйʶͬǣЩΪͨĿǰĵ͹ͿԿ
ƻܡΪҪܣҪıеƣʵ
ƣΪִƾǸܵĸԴ

      ܵĸԴʲôĸ￪йϵ𣿸ôɢģ
ܹܿƻٸܣܹЩʮ
Ҫ⡣ĽЩЩ

  һ  

      ǳ˵ĸܰܶΪ磬лܻߣٵŲù̰
ùԺζģεȵѧϣ춸ܵĶҲ֣
һҪصݣһӰĳˣرǹԱ磬
ߡڶõıɻĻ򲻵¡һ΢۵ģָĸΪڶ
Ǻ۵ģָı仯ݵ֮춣Ϊ
Ļһ㣬ĻҪ̸Ľ۸ܵĵһ
Ϊ

      ݹνΪǶһͬ㣬Ȩְλıȡ˽
ĽȨְλıȡ˽һʽҲһʽ
ܻߡлָܻĽְܻȨлڡ
²ӦõõĶлߡУر˵ȫָ
лܻߡ

    ܵĸԴ

      ֪жϣõԼ档ǵѧ
һٶһǲҵܵĸԴһʮ
򵥵Ӽ˵

      һĳΪĳб꣬ºͣþΪͶߡκбһ
ڴ˹дһԪ档裬1õͬζ
ºͣöаٷ֮ʮĿб꣬ΪʮԪ仰˵˫
Ļ׬һԪ0.5X100=50лߣԪòл
бĻΪ100%Ϊ1X100-5=95ԪбĻΪ
Ϊ0X100=0ͬлߣԪ²лߣбĻΪ100%
95бĻΪΪ˫лߣԪ
˫бĿֶǰٷ֮ʮԵΪԪ0.5X100-5=45


      £öǿҵл߶Ϊºͣö
ķʽ²Էжл߶ԷлߣôбĿܽ춶Է
ҺͶԷлߣôбĿܽԷȣҲл߶Է
ߣôԷбĿܽңҺͶԷлߣôбĿܽ
춶ԷȡУǿؿңеģºͣã
л춶лߣΪл߻ʽ𣻵ǣÿһ˵»ãл
춲лߡǣҶлߡ

      ȻʵҪһӵö࣬һ˵˸ܵһ
кܴձԡʵУһʮƵʵ
ʰίѡ˻еĹ̾ʮƣһžŰ³
Ұ˻ڼ䣬ĸױǹ㲥˾ġʮӡĿɷһλ
ǰίԱλǰίԱ͸¶˻ĳУٰ
Ķί˻κǣԸֲͬķʽίйسԱ
лߡλǰίԱʾ޷̵ĸȥίְ
Ҫԭ

      һ˵˸ܵһƣ˶Ǵлߣ˶л߶
춸һֽϵܹɸܣֽϵǣ
ܻߵһ棬ǶܻߵһһЩ

      ȻܻΥ»ΥģӦܵƲáˣǣһе
ھܻǰȨף仰˵ῼܻĺôǷ춿
ܴĻǰߴߣ;ܻߣ򣬣ܾܻߡ
ǣҪǵļΪҪأԼĺϷ룻ƲõĿ
ж󣻣Ʋõĳ̶ж󡣼䣬ĺϷԽߣ
õĿԺͳ̶Խ󣬣ܻߵĿܾԽСǽۣڣͬ
ܻԽܻ࣬ߵĿܾԽΪҶܻߣܻ߾
Ϊ򳣹棬ܻ߱ƲõĿԱ㡣ίĹԱ֮Ըҹ
ܻߣԭ֮һǴҶܻߣܻ¸ѳΪˡ£
ѳΪˣ򣬡ѳΪˣ
Ϊˡ

      棬ΪĿǰڵĸһЩķ
ۡ

    ĸ￪븯ܣƽ

      ½СëȡΪëȡһҪ
ǣǻĸ￪ǰëʱΪʱĸɲڵĸɲ
˵á

      ֪лָֽܻ߲ףֽף磬
񣬱˵ġ顱͡˼ĽɰڡǶȿ
˵ĸ￪ǰĸɲȸĸ￪ĸɲࡣȱⷽݣ
ǺȽϿ͹۵Ļ׼ȷжϡԣıȽȫƾ˵ľ
ͷǾͽһЩ

      ĸ￪ǰĸܵҪʽĸ￪кܴĲͬĸ￪ᣬ
˫Ľ漰Ǯرν󰸺Ҫĸ￪ǰ˫
ĽԷֽΪҪʽǾ˵

      ĸ￪ǰĳɲĶСźСĵĶСͬڶ
ĳӲӡְȨͨ¼ϵСŴũسУ
䰲һĽĹһصλְλϡһУ¼
ܽκ˽飩ϼ
ڱҪʱ֧ܰκ˽飩
ûְλС˶

      ȻһֲĽϵȻһû漰Ǯ
Ȼлܻߡˣཻͨ׵ĳɽСһл
ܻ߰˵磬ĽĹһصλְλҪһ
ͨŬѧϰ͹аͨڶεС󿼣ѧ
ȵȣпܵõͨеĽΪӵõҪĽ
ͶʲпܵõְλˣĶӻõְλһ
кôʡҽƸסݽ𡢱Ļᡢߵλ
żȵȣôҲʹӻŮӵУĵӻ
Ůõĳɳͷչᡣ

      ǿؿСźСλ˵Ĺľ
λˣֽȻͬˡȻཻĳɽ
󳬹һлܻߵİǶϽɽ޼۵ġһ
ϽĽ޼۵ģΪֻཻӵְȨ
ܽСҲ˵һཻ׻µȨĸɲ¢
һϰգŬҲ޷СسУ̸
䰲嵽СõְλˡȻ¢һ֡ƽȡ
˵¢һָġƽȡ򡰲뵱
꣬жٸɲְȨԼĺ͵ӱܵũӣũس
лͽѧһǶȿ˵ĸ￪ǰĸɲȸĸ￪ĸ


      Ǽ裬ĸ￪ᣬСͨСһЩ
ýǮлߵõɲְȨõģ磺ԼŮ
سвһĽְλϣʹԼŮⷨƲõȵȡ
໵µȨٱĸɲ¢ˡ仰˵Ҷ
µˣǶȽɲСıȸĸ￪ǰƽˣҲ
˵лܻⷽȸĸ￪ǰƽȡˣֵ
ǿǣָƽȡζŸá

      ȻһֲĽϵȻһû漰Ǯ
Ȼлܻߡˣཻͨ׵ĳɽСһл
ܻ߰˵磬ĽĹһصλְλҪһ
ͨŬѧϰ͹аͨڶεС󿼣ѧ
ȵȣпܵõͨеĽΪӵõҪĽ
ͶʲпܵõְλˣĶӻõְλһ
кôʡҽƸסݽ𡢱Ļᡢߵλ
żȵôҲʹӻŮӵУĵӻ
Ůõĳɳͷչᡣ

      ǻԵõµĽۣ䣬ĸ￪п
ܡԭ֮һǣϰڸĸ￪ǰ߱лܻߵ
ͻ᣻Ȼڸĸ￪гУиĿܵõ
ͻᡣ

    ɢĻƣܳΪ

      һ˵ȻǻΪӦòܲǴ˵ĸΪ
ҲиܵĶǶΪӦòǴţ
ǻΪԼܹͨõĺôϲζŸһ
пܳΪ򳣹棬νձĸܣԾ˵

      Դ½ĵӾ硶۰֡衷ФүҪסԺ飬
֪λŶ޷סԺФүФϴФ϶Ϊʮ
Բߡ޷϶סԺûдλΪûͺ
˾ͺһԣҽӣ˵޷쵽Ҳ˵
ûдλãλˣҽ˺Фү˴λɾʱФ
ϴһҸõҽԺҵ˴λФҽǮҪֲ˼
ʱҽȴǮ˻ФҳҽǸˡ

      еﶼΨͼĻ˶һϰաңФ
ǾΪдģΪʲô¡أ߲
ĽۣФϴФ϶֪˵ڴҶôɣ
Ͱ첻£ţȥԡлܻ߷ںм䣬˵ܻ
ѳΪˡ˵ĳָںܶ˼ʻУǵΪûһ
֮档ˣҪŬ໥Эжܴﵽ˫Ľ
ǿԾνͨ˽δķ𽥵أ
ԷؽĳֲĵĻ򣨻ԻĬ棬Ϥĳ
ԡұʻӢĳǳʻȵȣγᣬ
òŻʱ;ĥԷжԱЭжһԷֱӰ
²ԷఴЧشﵽ˫ĽΪΥ潫
ʹ˫涼ܵ𺦣ˣһγɣͨѭҼǿ
ΪһȽȶϵͳ

      ܻһΡƽ򡰲
ĽףļӰỼŸܵİӣһ
ѩԽԽһܳΪ棬ʹ´ӶӸ϶ҡ
Ƕṫģܲϵʴһزٵĵ¹淶ʹǸ
ʧȥԼΪΪ˴ﵽ˽ֶεĻߣ֢
γɶѭŵĸŶʹʧȥ

    ƶ

      Ϊйеƶǲձ鸯ܵһҪԭ
ҪܣҪı䵱ƶȣʵơ棬ǽ
ۺʵ˵۵ǲ׼ȷġ

      νרָһ˻һ¢磬ƶһŵĻг
硣гϣһȨɡ˵˲
Ȩҿ԰Լѡķʽ磬鵳Ҫʹгת
ǵһЩȨҪڷϵõȷбϣ磬ɡ
ȵȣȨƵıҪһЩ
ƾͻˡ

      ȷרȣƣδܹһרƸ
ЧؿƺͼٸܡĳЩ£ԸΥܵɢ
Ҫԭ򡣵һһ˵κᣬξƶΣ
ǶиܵĶ಻⡣ڶһƵȻп
һרɢƻпṩר
߱Ľͻᣬ磬ѡƱᣬһԣרƶȣ
г춸ֽףȻлܻһεĽסб
ҪһǱڵᡣ̸ר븯ܵĹϵʱǳð˶ٵ
Ȩ¾Ըܡƺԣָܽл
ܻ಻Ľף籾ģϾȻ׼ȷΪһӵ
оȨòκ˽ܴﵽĳĿģֻºͿ
ˡǰѸܵĶſ˶ٵԲʧ׼ȷ

      ǿʵ֧ӡʵƣӡһ
רƵĹҡȻҶڴصġձĸ󣬺
˵һӸܡ⣬ʵƵĹңձ
صĸܡʵĶ˹һרƵǰӸһ
ϵʵȻһЩһиܣ磬ۡ¼¿
һȨרƵĹң¼һϵиܵĹҡ

      ζŸƶûйϵҲζִй
صĸûΡƼǿƻٸܵĳ
ǱҪһСǽ˵һķβǿƺͼ
ܵıҪ

    ܵĲIƶ

      СǽƳһЩ춷ܵĲԹ
οͬʱҲԹĿǰһЩܴʩһЩۡ

      ̸ʱǳǿƶȵҪԡǲҲƶ̸𡣵
ȷһ˾ִƶǿƻٸܵıҪһ˵
ƶȲϽķܻƴ󲿷ܻһΪĿġԭ
һĳϽܻŽǷܹɽվȨڶ
ܻ߰ѰȨְ˳ȥ

      һѾõ½ۣ䣬ĳ˵ĺϷԽ
ƲõĿԽ󣬱ƲõԽԽѸ٣˾ܻߵĿܾԽС
춿ƺͼٸ˵߿νȱһҪǽ⼸ۡ

      䣬ʮԪĻ¸нΪԪĹԱн10
%˵ǲСĿкܴڱУԱָ
ָԱɲʦҽԱҹԱʮ
Ԫл¸нΪǧԪĹԱн1%˵ǸС
Ŀûʲôһ棬һܻ߱ץ񲢱ְʧȥ
ʮԣҪ˼⴦ˣǿԼ裺
䣬ӹԱĺϷԼٸܡ⣬ӹԱĺ
ǵλͶԼְҵԺнְҵ¡
𾴵λְҵºԺҲήһܻߵĿܡ

      ȻӹԱĺϷǳ춿ܻһģлߵһ
ҲӰ졣ԱǵʮлߵһҲӦл
ʹܻһѡ񱣳ͬЩǱڵл߿ܻΪ
лѲֵˣЩδɱл߶ˣ
ԱĺϷ̭һЩǱڵлߴӶﵽٸܵá

      ڷܵĶУٴϵƲܻߵıҪǲġЩ
ϣһ׼̶ȵؼӴץܻߵĸʡ
ƶȵȱݻƣץܻߵĸʮСٴϱΪջΪʲô
ǳǿලҪأԭǣලܹӴץܻߵĸʡ

      ҲЩΪӹԱĺϷ롣Ϊһ
ƶܹٴϴ׼Ʋܻߣܱܱơ١ֹ۵
Ʋδһ⡣ˣʵܿһ֣
ԱǵĺϷƫͣʹһƶȣܹ
𣿻شܿǷ񶨵ģҪԭ¡κƶȶҪԱ䱸
ԱǵĺϷƫͣǵܻߵĸʾͻӡ£Ҫ
ѸܿͬһˮƽͱӼලƲܻߵĻԱҲ˵
ҪѸʽ춼ලƲܻߡκιҵĲ붼
޵ģرǷչйҵġһйķչйҲ󷢴
ڼලƲܻⷽͶ֮ôʽ⣬ҪʹһƶУ
˭ලලߣ˭ලලߵļලѡʢִ
ߺͼලм䣬ϵͳ̱֮ӼලƲ
ܻߵĻԱĲʽ߹ԱǵĺϷϣиȡ
øõķЧ

      ˣ˵һҪٻƸܣҪΪԱṩź
ĺϷ벢Ҫٴϴ׼Ʋܻߡᵽۺ¼¾
иܡǽΪԹڵĸܼ˶
һЩ

      ڹڷ˶УǳǿҪ¾ץҪصûзڸĽ
ƶϡķǿԵµĽۣץҪԿƻ
ܡһƲǰгϣͬĸ߼ɲĿ
һƽߣڶǱڵܻγʹ䲻Ҿͷ
ǣƶȵȱݣ֪ץĸʮСܻԾ
ˣץҪԲ޷γҲ޷ﵽƻٸܵ
á

      ⣬ĿǰԱԺ;ƫҲǵձ鸯ܵһҪ
ĿǰԱԺ;ĸܻ
ࡣ

    ܵĲII¼Ϊ淶

      ƶȷҪ㡣һһ
Ҫ൱ʽάϵϵͳ룬ܹά
ϵϵͳʽһ춽ҵͬʱֲʹΪ
ɢĽ񲻸ãڶ˭ලලߣ˭ලලߵļල
ڹΪͻ磬ڽһġŽ
ܹȽЧ𵽼ලáǣڵŽȲ಻ࣨг
šڹѲˣ˭ලŽأȱζţ
ȺͼලܣЧδغãͶɱرĿǰڸ
ѾģɢѳΪˣʢִ˺ͼලм䣬ƶ
ͼලƸܾͻΪһջ

      κ򶼲ܽΪĻĿĽ˾ƶά
Էĳ棬Ϊ淶͵׼άһĸԭʼ
Ҫءһõ˾ƶȣԷ
гɵĳ棬ְҵԼΪ淶ƸܣܹЧؿƸܣ
ͶСЧѣҪԭǣԷγɵĳΪ淶
ȱݡ

      ĳ漰Ϊ淶γɵһʮָӵĿ⡣Ŀǰδн
Ĵ𰸡ǣǴ֪ЩǲܳΪΪ淶ġڴ
һԹڵķܷʽЩʮּ򵥵ķ

      һ˵漰Ϊ淶ͬĻʮֽܵĹϵ˵Ļ
һ֪֡һĻڲϵݻĹУĻ
ЩȱĲȥˣЩмǿĲͨͥͽ
񡣻仰˵ܱǲĻҪ֮һǣһ㲻ĳ
ʱкǿһӦκʱҲԺȶԡ
磬йĻеĿ֮йͳĻµĺܶѵ
һࡣζţһĻУЩкǿĳʱĲֽʱ
̭

      Ϊ¹淶˵ձظܵĲ
Ҫԭ򣺵һйӼ̳кͷͳĻкõĲֺĸڼ
ԴͳĻƻڶδЧذµΪ淶
ǳ˵ۡɵĵ±ˣµûнĵգһ
Ҳûʲôۣǽ۵ڶ㡣

      ˵йӽ»Ϊ淶Ǵġһ
ʮУѧ׷˶Ͷ˴ʽĸ￪
ڡ彲Ȱ˶Ͷ˴ʽȻЧȴ
⡣

      ȷ׷õƷʣ׷ģȫ
֮һĹԱν׷澫ʮ֮һͲнصĸ
ôΪʲôʮĴѧ׷˶Ч΢أҪԭ򡣵һ
׷澫кǿʱԣ׷ʮӢۣǸ
ܴĸĻʱ̫ǿ˻ȱԺȶԣ
ʱı仯Ǿͻʧȥʱ̭ν׷澫춴
ࡣ׷泣ˡʮ˳ΪɵðһʵԿ׷ѻ
ûʲô̸κθˡ

      ڶѧ׷˶кǿԣͬʱΪ˲ͬĿ׷
񱻸ȫͬݡ磬ʮ׷澫Ҫǣ춸
춵ëϯĺսʿ˰˾ʮˡ춸춵ë
ϯĺսʿ֮⣬׷澫ձһžŰ¶ʮ
տǵĹԺ鳤츱ᡰѧ׷潲·硱һ
ִǿɫʵ˶ʹ׷澫ȱȶԺԣʹ֮޷
ģ޷ΪĻһֶ޷ȥ

      ȻйͳĻеһЩҪأ磬ӵ¹߱
澫ȱһԡǧʷ仯ĸƻЩĻ
Ȼ伫ǿҪԭǣЩĻ̲άϵ˼
ϵزٵģ̵Ҫأ磬ʩˡ
Ļ̳Ҫͨͥ佻ɵģǲ󣬴󲿷
ĸڼͥлȷػǱĬǵĺӹĻǺ
󲿷ָĸԼĺѧ׷͡彲Ȱ

      ǿ˵Ͷ뵽ѧ׷˶еĲͷӴͳ
ĻЩõĲ֣ڵĵºΪ淶һԣġ
ա֮ظܵĿܻСöࡣʮĴ;ѵ
磬Ծȵȣǽ춶ھý
ҪѧߣҪվùɰ·ܵͷʵҲһ
ҪѧߡĿǰһ㻹ûбʶäĿԶԣ
ѧ׷͡彲Ȱ뵱Ĵ˶ǺƵġ

    

      һܹЧؽܿһķΧ޷Ӹϲܣ
춸ܵ෱࣬޷ָҵһָθܵ鵤ҩЩΪ
Ƚ׿ƣ磬һȽƣϸĲƶȾͿЧؿƻ
Ųù̰ۣùԺζģĸΪŹ
ϵƽ⣬ฯҲ֮١ЩѧΪһ
ʢеķгжԱлп߾Ч棨ֵǿ
߾ЧҲǼ£˵кôлͬʱָ
Ȼл߳ɷĻһĺô
ԾõĿƼٺгļЩҲ֮٣磬ٵ
ȵȣ

      лܻ޷ġлܻΪһ
κᣬ۸жôõƶȡĳֽǶȿܱ
ѿơԭ֮һǣķͬںܶʮģ
ѱȷ磬ǰͳֶΪξ׹
⡱˳ȥҶʮθܣӦܵƲáȻֺѻ
޷Ѵ¶ΪǷƲáƵأ£ǺѰл߻
ҵбҪĿֿ

      ЩԿ˷㣬Ҫǽͺ
˵ĺ͹ͬҪǣںУֺȫ˷Ϊ˽Ϸ
ĶɣжǸ޷ĸԭ


      ֪κξƶȣϵΪ淶仯Ҫһ
ʱ䡣ˣǿԤԣءձĸڶԼٵĿ
Բ󣬼ʹ˽ϴƵı仯磬Ҹ߼쵼ֱ
ѡٲĿǰձĸҲ൱һʱ䡣ǣξ
ĻϽЧظĸڵŬĿǰĸ
٣ңҲܽܿһСķΧ