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1999ŵƽ޹ҽ


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      ŵõ飬Ųμŵƽ佱
ʽġ޹ҽû̫ЦݡһλŮҽ֯
̨콱ԸҽǶС޹ҽ־ T
һλŮ質Ҹٰ鳪 ǿ󡷡
      ޹ҽ֯Ĺϯղķ˹James Orbinskį
˵һʼͼغͳҶֹͣըƽ񣺡ִ
ս춹ôַȨһй˵С춻񽱣
˵
      ǽϵĸлǡΪǹעֱ
ֵÿ궼ڱ̤ЩˣǰΣеǣ
Ͳ㹻ġͨҽƣҲȥǱַȨ
      ˺ʹ࣬ÿһܲɷõġ޹ҽ̸
жԷ֡޹ҽֱһսϹ
ֹ˵񡣵ʵУȻһĹĶͳ
ذ˵ҽʹ޷ӪΪˣֲ
ϯգPhilippe BibersonѹضԼ˵룬ŵӦðЩ
ˡصȴ޹ҽĵʼûܵȵ
      Щӵи߹ҽ˵ŵƽǰǵ
ֻǹעЩϻһ磬翴ЩҪ
˵ʹࡣ ʮ㼣̤ȫ޵ĸ˻
˵ֻҪһʹ࣬Ǿ
˵Ρ

һڷ޸صѪе

      һжԴһ򷢱ڷֽϵĹ棺
      ʺʮֻ֯ ѰȥƤǷҽ
      ƤǷս꣬һ 1968 9µ
 19711£Լ 50ҽʺʮֻǲ޸սҵ
ǵĵû֪λõġֱܾᣬȷ
ķһҾ徵ս
      ЩķҽǵĹǼԼ۾
 ԭֻмƾɵķӡδ±Ѫʹŵ
Աˮһս͵棬˿ݼĶͯˡ

      ±춷ҽ˵ֻһ¿ҹԼյعÿ
ٹ 20Сʱֻܹ˯һأǿʼʶ
һпսҽõԱǰٴˣƵĶͯ
صٴ򼢶Ӫսо˲Աֻζһ
޾ͷجΡ
      Ϲйػⳡ޴ǰһĪչΪǲ޹
ڲ񡣺ʮֻòײǲԼҽԮʽս
ǽս˫ýԮ֯ΪԼơ޵ͳٻŷ
ǰÿɱ 300ͯĲ״
      29ķҽϣ뿪ʱ˽ս˫ս
סû˯ߵƣϸع۲﷢ʵ춣óۣƤ
Ƿⲻҽ⣬һѡǾӶƤǷƽ
ɱûйĸԤƤǷӵʧ
      ܹϣںҽ﷢һĴɱ
Ҳ춵ڶսǣͺʮֻ֯ǩĺͬЩ
ҽ˵סţϵǱһбֳĬ
       1968ѧ˶Ĺϣ޷ġĬ
񡱡ʮֻפߵܲϣýйƤǷʵ
ǸյʿͱʮֻĴס.ʮֻҽǳŵ
ġĬ񡱡
      ȻȻڻ¡¡ʹ߸߹ĺʮֻ
죬սҲɵؽӽҽԺҽǱ뿪Ǽ
ѡ²ߣȻҹԼյԱȱҽ豸
ԼѪԱ
      ֽʱ̣ϣھǰȺͿ顣֤ƤǷ
ѣ֯һƤǷɱίԱᡱҪǴ
ǵɱоҪѸٵԱһΣϣڴһַҽ
˺ʮֻı磬ָȱ
      1970 1£һҽСǾӵв£ȴһ
صĶͯԱ˳ҽԺһѰ󱣻ᣬһ
鷨ҽָΪǷ뾳ͬʱЩ뽻ս˫
ĹԮ֯ǵԮȴͨˮһӿƶ
ʮڡȻһٶ
      Ŵۣǻߣصҽƺ˺ܶࡣǿ
ƺþǮϴԼģȻƤǷıȴû
һָͷȥֹɱķǴ۳ΪжĶӷ޸ص
Ѫгɳҽǲٰڰİȫʵ˼
š
      1970 11£һҽڽֽܱɷʱͬԸȥԮ
ʵܺߡã˹𡣵ܱʹ
øԮ˲ȥ˵ȴڽͷȴҽǷ
ŭغ֯һ֧ҽƶӡͬ꣬ͻ˹̹쫷ʹüʮʧ
ȥԮ֣֮޼ҿɹֻȥ
ӡȡ
      ҪһλµĶأHenri Dunant 1864ʿʺʮ
ᣬ1901ŵƽӸķҽڱֽϷһ
棺ѵ˹Ӷʲôǣܿ죬 300ҽ,Ը
һµԮ֯ǵǣڶصΰ˵ָ£
ʮֻĻϣһµ֯Ӧ仯˵ʱ
֯ΪԽ˵ҪõκιȨɡ
      1971 12 20գҽǵΪʵ޹ҽ֯
ǵĳԱԷɱҲɣһ°ѷ
Ϊǵּҽ֯ҲԸżߣ
Ϊ֯ݸ
      ʮֻ֯ȣ޹ҽصǣɺ͹
κѵȻΪ֯ǵʼվܺ
һߡ
      ӴˣҽƵº˵ԭ֯һ֧
ɷҽɵҽƶӣðΣպᴩȥеǡ
ǵߡʴȣڽʮŬ֮ᣬǳΪִ˵Ԯ
֯ ǵҵΪһӰԶĿҵ

ǵĺмڲڵȴ

      ѪյΪƤҽڿʼʱûܵ
ӡ֯ĽչǻġҶԼıְҲȱ֯ѡ1972
 12µףϷ˿񱩵ĵ𣬰޹ҽʥڵ
ףգҽƶӺʮҽʣٿֲֵμ
鶼˹Ԯж
      ȥˣ´־Ը֯ȻСġǵҪԼ
ִšǿƷʣΪֻЩƷʲܶԸսÿܽʱ
ҪɣǼŵǷһʵве޴
      춣 1976۷սУ޹ҽ֯ʾǶصĴ
ɣǵ֯ܵսҵܺߡʱ
³ط˼ҵѪͻ˹ֺͻͽ֮Ļҩ⵼һս
ǰȥ޹ҽһ 56ˣǴƤǷսؾĺ
Աڳ˲ļ¿ʼ
      ۵ľУЩһֱĬĬŵķҽǵ
ηӮעĿѸ𡣲Ƕ䶯Ҳ
й˵ĸ˱ ʱ ܿĴ һװ
֯ 
      ڰ裬 Ը˵ľȶһЩҲʾԸΪ޹
ҽ֯棬ǵ̱ꡣýȲɷǲΪļ

      ǵĺмڲڵȴ !ʵ֤һʲ̫
šÿʱỵ̈ضսҺͼĵڵȴ޹ҽǡ
ʮڣԤϵ෴粢ûбøƽʶ̬
ҳͻսңƷǰš 1979һ꣬߰
Ҫ
      ޹ҽӰڷ޵İĪɣȿˡ
ϣжʣ޵İ̩ǱɫȺµļկ
ʮ̩ھ˼ʹĳĥ֮ᣬԮ
֯ṩһҩƷʳˮμֳҽԼҲò
㹻ʳ
      Ѿ޷ͣԽԽڵȴȥȡԹڵ
ҲԽԽ࣬ÿǿԴӰɳǧҽԱ
      ɽ޵ȴԭӡ֧ǵĴ֣һ
ġңվͱϵͳ㷺ؽˣ˹ǣ޹
ҽҪ±еûдı־Ǵ
 ( NO ARMS ON BOARD)
      Эսе޺֮⣬ ޹ҽʮ
ش¼мδȱϯ磺һ߾ְɽ
Э̨ĶŷգĪ˹չ̲Σ
ֵҽƹսᾫƣ붫ṩԮ

ܾĬ˵

      ˵Ԯ֯ĴͳǫģĬĬЩս
б˺ˡ޹ҽִܾͳʽΪͬʱҲӦ
ָѵԭ򡣺Ԯ֯һǣ޹ҽȴ
ǩ֤ɣֻѵٻ
      Щ춵ڶս֮һɴ⼯ӪһЩҽ
ɱ̫ŭ˰ŵҲҽְ
ǵǣһҽѧ˵塣ΪҽǵҪҽ
, һǾҪʵģΪʲôǻΪеƷ
      ҽ֮ţ Ǿȿ̿顣ӱըȺİ
˹̹Ӫܼۡƥǡǡյ
ˮ֣ӵĿ˼Ͷսμǡ¬
¡ءս裬ңһΪѡ
ǱߵһҽһѼйرеĲϣȻᷢ档

       ÿ춼صϢܲһСרŴ·Ϣ
̬ԮԮĹģǷȨȺ̬ʱ
ǻͨý͸֯ϹŷˡԼȨ
֯ʹ澡һȥֹСǵ˫صģԮȲΪ
֤
      һʼ޹ҽ֯Ͱҽѵ˲ԱΪʥʹ
ǵҲǷ뾳ȥ¾ҪǱֳĬ͵
ĿȨַҪȥС
֯ڲķѡҪ֮һϣ֮Ҳƽߵ̫Զ
ȻڰһйϾͶŭԽ񣬴Ӷ֯
ڲִֻ˳Դ֯
      ŷѵ˿ڣ޹ҽǽҼ顣 ʮȥ
Ȼ̳䴴ʼ˵ĳԣȻǵһĵ
ܾĬԺĸԴ
      ܾ޹ҽȻϳĬǾ¸ҵسΪ
ı֤Ϊ֪һߵĻᡣ
в־ԸԱеıʵģеҽʱ½á
      1980꣬޹ҽһξ˹ģƴʾУΪկȺ
ҴߺּվڶǰСȻжûܵ
կ߽ͱֹ޹ҽɹעĿ⣬ַ
ȨнǿҵǴ
      ڰʱڣ޹ҽͣرĸŮƶԵ
ѹȵϢǿ˹ԭֹּ߽ҽȥҽŮˣΪŮ
òҽζ
      1998 9£޹ҽڱֵܵŵѡ
ڱȳˣȫ¶˵ԮĽǮʱȨбԷʣҪ
ıԮʽ
      1998 10£ڿչԮʱ޹ҽĹԱ༯
ڣ֯һѣָάڿ־壬ɱ޹
ˡ
      ſ˰Ĺִ޹ҽǿ۾ǵʹࡣҽ
һظǵּǲƫеģĮĵġΪˣǲ
ЩַȨĹȨ ѡȨԤ The right to intervene
͡񡱵ȴʳǿС
      ϯղķ˹ΪЩԤЧģ˵1994¬
Ǵɱеʱÿȥ鿴һͯԺʱǧƵ񵽶
ͯԺúѧУѰ󱣻һ쵱ȥһͯԺӰ
Χˣ׼ɱͯΣУԼһ֮أ
ȥ̸ͼΪı״ʲô
      ޹ҽһ˵ĵǧ˵
񶼵ҽԺѰ󱣻ǽǡǹ㷺ýչʾڽ
дɱǲŵǰɱ˽Ҫе
      ǵ֪¬﷢˺ŵĴɱᣬ緢Ϣ
Ҫǰ棬ֹɱʲôҲûе
ʱϹ鳤ϳĵǸʾȫй
¬ɱϹ󣬱еİûڡ
      ĮϹĻֲϯԼǼŭ
Լ˵ҽ˵ֻԷ޳ֵ⸺
ΡᾭԴ޲ߡ¬ı磬ʲôһж
ΪǵĻġ粻ܴ¬¼ѧϰʲôôʲôѧ

      ˵ġܾĬǷУҲԼ˵ģǵ
ġ

ģʵв׼ӴԶȥ

      ҽѧȵѧʣȻҪ侲֪ʶ˵Ŀʹȱ
ˣҽ޹ҽֲϯԼ˵ҽĹ
һ˵ĹڽȴǺױġ
      ˣԼҽͬǶæ߹򳵵ʱ˰ȫ
ʵȥսӵĵΪʮǰԼ
δɺһڰ蹥ҽѧǵǰԼ֪ʶ׸
ǡһֱѰҸֱ֯Ϊ޹ҽĳԱǲ춸о
Լҵ˹ޡһŵġÿҿռ֯
      Żһ飬Լδ޽һȥ
 1988Ķ件ʥ꣬ͻȻ̤Ŀֲ
ó̡ڳ֮ǰܲѾ֪ǣһаȫûбϣеΣ
Լ׼Ը
      Խļɽ·һһ˵ʱפ
ӵ̹ˡ﹤ʱڣǹΪ
޹ҽͰλӺ˲ԱڵʱǷǷΪ ÿ춼б
ըĿܡ Լֿ־Ѿ 10սİ
˵ѾϰˡڰսмɥΪսΪ
ϡӣڼȻЦ
      ҽ۴Ӵ˺ܴĸı䡣Ϊﱻը
Ҫ֫ĺרҵ侲̬ҽθԱ֪ڰ
ԭ춱ݻ١ΪҽԼֻܸܾ
ȥǵʹࡣ
      ҽӴԶȥڰĹ֮ᣬԼ
ֽȥսҹҵ¬ﰺͰͶɰ뵺
޹ҽͬѸٽսĽȹͬʱǾ
˽⵱صĻףӮǵΡԼһԸԣҵҽ
ЩƵһɹѵʱ⡣
      ҼһսˡԼ˵ սҵһϣ
粢ûǡԼԼ˶ΪӰ
˺ܶࡣǴӲָõлͻر֧ȥֹػж
飬һҪıͱͬ˵ԸˣԼ
̫̫ףΪʲôǱ˿ӢۣΪԼѾ
л÷ǳ㡣
      Ǻܶ˵սֻǵϵšʹȴ
޹ҽճһ֡Ϊ޹ҽ֯ĳԱҽʦ׸Ѿ
ڲս¬˹Ǻմ˹
ȥ춳սѹ֮£оǳƣ롣
      ǣ׸ҽԼ˵ÿһԺӵ΢ЦΪǽʹ࣬ʹ
ȷԼΪֵõģҵıüǿѾ 40ˣ
ҳɼңΪڹ⣬ Σ֮УѹԼͥ˵̫
ˡ
      ׸ڿǵʱҽʦԼҲȾűաڲ
˹ǣĸ֢״Ȼֹ˵ҵ
ϣָӻʿΪҽԺֻһܹ

      ޹ҽ͵ͬˮƽҲסڲͱ
߹ͬǵּŷ޸ԣҵҽ˵һʼ
ǺѽܵġǷֻ֣Ҫˮˮһޱȵ
ޡҺþһһС飬ΪԸҽǻֻ֧
ο
      ׸ѾǺо޹ҽˣѵĵطȥ
ȻۿʹңȻϣ˵ʼǺ
ộǱʵҼȥܰ
ˡȻѣܿʲô
      Ůʿ˿ĸͬ񡣵ʱ޹ҽ
֮⣬ûκ֯ϵ̬صսҵǵȥһۼ
ǧĵطҽӪءǼżģǱҹͣ
˲ԱչЩݲеĶͯʱҾӴҽԱʵ
Σգǲ뿪аȫӪһ᲻òȳˡ
      ص䣬˿ǳǳƣ롣ͻȻ֣ԼѾ
Ӧʵв׼ˡȫͬ硣Ȼ׼
γȥӭðյĽΪҪ
      ŮҽС˵ģ޹ҽҪиķ״
1998꣬СΪ۵һλӦ֢޹ҽǰȥҵĪ
ɣȿΪԣֻǵ޹ҽĻ
ӳԼרҵޡ޹ҽҵѧҽ
Լְҵǰ;ġ

壬һֵõ

      ǵƮŰɫģϴкɫ־İɫ T
һر޹ҽǳģǲӦַܵġȻ
ȴЩԮԱϡ
      һҽȥҽԺ·ϣ˲̵
˹һ޹ҽ־Сձըüˡڳ޹
ҽλӲʣʽǮһЩҽбнľ
      һŰ˾꣬ڰӭյ⵽ɱҽʦͬʵѣԼ
⵽Ϯ˵ͬʣ޹ҽ֯ͬǺˮ 
ʹ۹⡣
      ǰ԰İսڼ䣬 550޹ҽ֯Ա͵ɽ
밢ɽԮķ˶֯ǵľҽϵ
 ҲǾϵġķ˶λЩҽ繵ͨ
Ȼһ˵ɽ1990 4£޹ҽ֯
һһһʿǿ飬 27ķ־ԸԱ
˱̵ɱ޹ҽֻʹ֯ǵҽԱˡ
      ԮȹҲһּȫ׸ҽһ
ִʱЩԱֹϹάͲӱǡ
ؾ˻ǳҽԺеԱץʡһЩδ
ʿǹ֧׼ǵԴÿһԱʱϹò
ȡ˾жŰǴΣӪȳ
      ˹սڼ䣬޹ҽҲܵһشĴȥ
˹ھάǵĵʱȫάǾȥʹ
ҽľԮԱǳѹΪһԭ򣬼跢սһ԰

      μӰ佱ʽķֲϯջ˵ʱ߾·ηǳ
Σտ£Լһֵ𣿡֪ԼڼʲôΪ
ʲôҪ˵Ҳûʲô޹ҽһ
ҵǹһָȻѣȥʲ
ô飬ҾûߣҲܿǺϲǡ
      ÿ˶Σʱ̣Ҳͬõʱ⡣޹ҽ
֯ѧ˺ܶࡣҪԼҪڸ˵ʵѧϰ
Һܸл֯ΪҾѧϰһС
      ôıɱǿͱΪ ޹ҽ֯δ
˸ıǴʱּĿ꣬Ҳδʧȥ˵񡣶˵Ȩ
ͣڿͷϵۣѪĿǿв룬
ѡ

˷ֹ֯

      һô֯ڲʵ ޹ҽ֯˵ڲ
ʵĻǾԱûܹϴһλϡΪ
֪û˵Ĳ룬κ֯Ϊȱٻýûල
κ쵼˶ܱȨ컯Ӷǳԡ
      мԷҽգ ޹ҽ֯﹤
ʲôǰ;𣿷ջش˵ûС޹ҽڱԱ
ǲϸ飬Ϊ˴ʵһ
      ԭϴʼһ뿪֯д󲿷˻صԭҽְλ
ϣһЩΪϹԱ޹ҽ˵
壬ƣڼʵǵ硰ԭ򡱵Ĵ
ϣڣĲܱԭͳͣ 19881993꣬Ϊ
˵ְĿǰϹפ١ڵ
֪Լִ֯ʱ ϣڷǳжΪ֮ĳ
ɫˡ
      ԭϣÿ־ԸԱ¾ͻؼҡЩԸִж
ÿһʱڣ֯Ȱ»صϵĹְλȥһûи
׷ֻҷ׵ƶȣڲͳŵԭ
      ޹ҽ֯һɹԭͲ֯涨ڻ
õľУһ˵ľߡձʾ֧֯
ӴȥԤǧ (ǧԪ)ٷ֮ʮ
ľŷ˵ԮϹ߼רԱȹ
Ӫٷ֮ʮľҽоչ
·á
      Ԯ֯žʣŰɫļճƮģ
Ÿַǰѵ޹ҽ˵̫һ㡣
ڳʱûаԸԼӵеһз׸񡣷˵
ǿսϹĳͻ֪ 1971ȫһͬ
ҵͬӽǣͬͬΣ⡣
      ϵȡĽԼ޹ҽ춲֮صһԭ
ĹΪûмƻͳ׼ȱ侲ܵĿ죬
ǳΪţڣ֯ĻѾһ
ǻɵذճȥչǵۺ֤ʱΪ
󣬶һ㣬ǳʱʾŬøһ㣬Ȼ
ӵӦǷ
      ˵Ķ壬޹ҽ֯Ҫǿġ˵
ҵҲ¡ ˵򣬻þʣҪ
ϸֹġ
      춻õİ򽱽޹ҽ֯˵ĲȱҪ
ҩԴҩﶼòǧ춴Ⱦ
˼ƻһҽҩ˾Խ⡣ǵҵһµðպ
ʹ

ߣŵƽµļֵ

      ŵƽȨߣһֱŲŵίԱܵԭ
ǻڹַȨĹٷָ˵Ǹ
      Ϊˣڽİ佱ʽϣŲŵίԱϯرᵽŵ
ᵽġΪ֮ꡱǰΪƽı׼֮һΪŵ
˼ĺƽֲС޹ҽǡڱʹгֵ˵
ף˼ֵأƽϣˣŲŵίԱ
Ѻƽ˵ǺƽʷҪľڱͽ
ʱһ˵Ľǧ꣬һ춨µĸ
֤һȷľ
      춵һЩרԡԭΪƣƹ
ȨϣȨĴݲм̤ԣŲŵίԱһ
ҽĻ壺
      Ѿı䣬ǲµսѾ֤ˣսΪ
ѣԼȨƶԵķɱһУͳĺƽ
ĶԺƽķΪ㷺
      ʺƽַȨķҪսԭ򡣶սҴ
ǣǿҪǶַȨķи档ŲŵίԱĵһ
Ȩ1960Ϸǵİء¬ͼ֮ᣬȨ˻񽱵
ı׼·¡˻񽱡
      ޹ҽԮ֯ǣǽ棺
˵ȻȨעΪѱԭ򡪡Ȩ
Եķ
      սᣬ״˵Ҫûм٣ӣ
ҡսѾ֮װͻҲʿ
޹ƽ񡣡սصҪ¿ƽԡǷάͲӲ
˵ԤѾΪҵ⽻ߵһ֡Щ־Ը֯
˸ΪҪĽɫ
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