  뷴

  ԺԺʿѧС̸¼

  
  ̶


      ̶(¼)ǰĪʲѧѧں͹
ѧʷչоԱ,ǲ̸áǰ ϶ġй
¼͡ӿ¼йεǰ ú˼
ܾʹ̸̸?
С(¼)Ǹ㾭ѧģдú١ղᵽЩ
£һЩ־༭ңŽġ

      ġй¼һ뷴⣬˼


      ƪһŰдģҲ֪λ˰ϵƪ
˵˵˼йӰ졣˵߼ҪƷ
һûһȱȨȴ޷򵹱һһ
γɵȨκ޷ˣֳ±ֻ
ǡĸĳ߼Ĺ۵㣺һ
øֶƷרвͨǸӻ̡һ˵ִ
£ûйսûϲ׼ڲĴģͻƴս
棬øֶƷһרɹĸʵ㡣仰˵ҲŸ
Ϊ̣һľĸʹйӻ˼
ʱ䡢ʹһֹ춵й
ĸʮشʵ塣

      ڵĹ۵?

      ҵĹ۵кܴͬˡҶӢ˲дġ
Ȿдһ߰˾귨ᣬ˵Ǿķۡ
ʱһ㶼ǶƶȲ˵ԣΪ԰ƶ
áڸ, ܽǲ˽书ܵЧƶƻˣ
һ档һ棬ʷһܳɸѡ̣õĶɸѡ
Ķͬɸѡ̭ȥʷ仯ƶһ
ɡйȻ, кϷľ챩Գͷ͵ԣά
һתУй쵼˵һЩƣҲ˭˵ģ
ҲԼ·Ʃ罭ǣҲĥһһ
ģҲ˵һ˷ĻơЩȥˣ˭˭
ǿܾˡЩƣڿвٱ׶ˣĶ
ˣʱûЩʱŻᷢûܻ⣬㲻
òָͱȥЩƣܱԤҪ
νġ˼롣

      Ƿٸġۡ?

      ٸĶԻǡ˾ŷ粨ᣬں
ɣһŰͱ˴ͬĹ۵㡣Ҫ۵㣬Ϊ
ҲԡΪЩѧϻûжۣ㲻׵˵
۾Ƕԣ߸۾ǶԵġͳһв
ûвΪĳŵͲţвΪͲ̫ס
ܷȷָȨ츳ģȨġ
ձΪҪͳǣͱõǵͬ⡣ҪòãͿ
ĵƶȣȨһַǷ
Olsen飬зǳµĸۣΪһȶʹȵѰ
ΪƶȻͶȴܴƶȻѰ⡣ܶྭѧҶܾOl
sen ᶯҿһʢԭ("˥") 
"˰" ߡ

      ƪ̸¼Ҷˡ̸̸ܼ?

      ¼ʷϵĴ£Ҳйκ⽻ʷϵĴ¡˵
ʷϵĴ£Ϊʮͺʮͱʥͬȷġ
ʥַԭѱסΡ͡ѡַԭԽ(Ove
rride)ԭгͻʱ, ѡȵԭ򣬲Сʾ
족ǿִЩƶȡʶ̬׼͹ʹϵĴ仯
䱳ǣŷûͳһȨ֮䳤սңγס
ѡطԭ򣬲ԭڶսᣬΪŷĹͬʶ
̬֮׶סͶƱġ·֮³Ĺ
ڶδսùͶƱȻսʤ³ȳʵߣ
ͶƱʹ³ع˵¹ξǿֵطѡҪ
˹ͼջȨľȥ

      ôǿıԼȥһССˣⲻǳǿ?

      ô򵥵ؿҪڹʴ󻷾ķй˱Ƚձ
ΪһǿȨεϷ޵׼ԡҲ⣬ǵ
ʶ̬ͣʱҪձļֵ˵ͷС͵
Ͳ˵ǳǿΪṫۣ͵ǲģӦܵͷ


      ڡ¼˵ƽȾҰ޾һʥˡȴ
רơ⻰˼

      Ȼʶ˶㣬Ҳʮȫʮ"", 
Ǿü"һʹһҰޡƽȾ!򵥣ʵ
ȴףΪ˶ıܣ򵹶Էܱ֤Ǻƽ
ƽȾ?Ψһİ취ʷṩĸƽ⡢˭ҲԲ˭ĻơӢ
ٸǰϦڻȺ֮ͳ˭ҲԲ˭ľ
棬ħƽȾΪһ˵
Ҫάϲɵľ⣬һǿˣҪ֧ĵжɡϧ
֪ʶӶƶȵʵԶδ˽⣬ϲǿȨߡ

      ɴʮҶ֪ʶȫ綼Ǿȡ?
      Ӧ˵йáûձ֣1930йѾ
£Ѿ׼ܣ񷨣˾˹÷չ
Ҳǳáձʹйչ֮𡣿սһλᣬǹ
ܾμȫѡ٣ҪЭ̡ѡϷְλ( ν"
") һʹйʧȥĻᡣսᣬսʤ
һϷƽȾѡִλйԿػ
ѡרĵ·ʹйۣʹҲ
ܳξð

      ̸̸ɡ͡Ĺϵ?

      ǰֻǿʵɡ͡ĸв
ġ˵ɾнŹϵǱӶ
ǲģΪܵ¡
ʷϣǲѷпʵӶ˶Ⱥ
ǿطȨӦ룬ӦжȨγɵطȨȨ
ƺ⡣ŷޣԭ򣬾ûдһͳ֮о
֮оһͳˣûƺˡŷһ
һ̫ǿˡĳ̫ǿǾҪرǶЩ
Ĺҡϣ̫ǿˣеŷҪ̫ǿˣеŷ
Ҫŷ̸Ҫйʱйܾͺܼ򵥵زһ
й˶ŷ˲ȨĴͳ˽⡣

      Ƿ˵ŷ˵ֶдͳ?

      Ϊеġʵŷ˵ĶǿȨһйģ˵
˭ġͳ죬ǾҪëǾ;Ȩ
̫ˣҪŷޣ¹ͳһᣬΪ¹̫ǿҲҪ
Ըһ¡ΪֶƵһֺ̬ǶȨĲ
Ρ

      ȨûƺƵıȻǡ޷족

      ʱ򣬾˷ԣŷ޵ľΪ
ӣ˵һû취ʹһ
˽ʱϣĹ˼ŪһȨƺơĲ
ԺÿһƱǷֹ۸СݣԺǰ˿ڵģݵԱȻ
ҪСݡ˿ڣݾ۸СݣǲԺһһƱбСݵ
⡣˰ԴҲĶ˰Դкܴ
ƺá"̨"ȫطΣɱؾѡٶϼ
, Զϼģ
طѡѡġʵй֪ʶĩͽֵطεʶ
̬, һֱƶط, ɶҡͻ
ƶط, ̨50, Ҿͻ᳤ξðѲҲ
ùͶƱĺƽʽ (ôĿʡùͶƱǷ
һ) ޡôȹ֮ԸǿӢЩطʱһֱǸ
طΡӢ˵ľҪӢҲû淴
ȥһΡսʱӢǰ
ǷҪҲùͶƱȥ깫ͶƱѡ˾ƣӢ
ŮǵԪס˵طΣЩͲһúƽ
ķϱսĽѵǣһݶӦɱѡ
йͶƱӦ2/3ѡͬ⡣ͬʱйͶƱӦ
Ȩʵ֮Ӧ½ʵйͶƱŲϱսǰϷ
æ˳ľ߶սְ̨취Ͷ
λźѡ (һϵ˷ԶԲͶҪ
׼2/3 ) ܷ涨ÿݶʵеطΣĳ
ǺϷģǲ˳ȫǵԸѡϱսУ
ϷܷϷ˳ȨǿϷ
ΥܵġսᱱȺϷǵȨ"" 
ɾѡҪϷ˳Ϸ϶ǲӦġ

      ˵ͺвġ̸̸ܾ?

      й˶Թ˽̫٣̫࣬ɽ̫٣Ҳ
̫١ӢʼûгĵܷӢɫС
ǳõĹңȴûгĵܷйܷ
ûĵܷܷ˾˴ģӢjudicial review
ǡܷ˾( ֱ롰˾飢)߷ԺķΪ
ΥͽСΡڷͨĴ½ϵܷ˾ܷͥ
йûСܷ˾й롰ιʵι͡
Ρġ˵ġιı׶ǣƶɿԲԼ
ʲôͿƶһӦķɣǺܲõġ˶ȥʮˣ
˶˶ҪзʡĽͿѧҿӦýɺ


      ˶ǵӡҲʶ̬һᳫģͿѧ
̶ǰ塣˶ʮʱע⵽һЩѧ׫ļʱһ
ɡҹ۲죬ҲֻѧȦһΪɡ
ë󶫵ġ塱Щй̫٣Ǻԭ?
ѧ˵˶δɾ;ˡҪƺ͸ˡ

      Ϊйȱٵ塣йǿ"ѧ", Ѿ"
ѧ"ˡڶԡѧ塱ҲӦУΪſѧԣ
ܵƶʧܡ

      ô˵ѧԶҪСҾã˵"ѧ""
", ƺеʡԾСһ춶ʮꡱĶС
ĸȵȣһġϸһ룬ȱѧԡֱġ
Ƿѧġ

      ԾΪȱٿѧѵǮѧɭѧҲĴĶ
ϿѧΪûɣûֹȻǲѧģ
ȡޡֹԿѧеġϵȫÿѧ
жǷǵģڽǷѧģڽûκȨȥѹġһ
ǲԡа̡ġҲ㽫˭з
ɣֻԾ·ߡӢĵcultڽ̳ݵ˼ Ҳа̣
ʵҽ˴ʿԵġӢûҰĺֻ֣֮һʡ
ʲôڽ˶Ϊȵҵִڽ̸ĸ
ǺܴģԲǿѧ˵Ƿѧģѧ
ʲôϵѧΪʲôܷ?йһ֡ѧ塱硰ۡ(Ϣ
ϵͳۡ)ǿѧݡڣʲôһǷϿѧ򲻷
ѧϿѧӣǡѧ塱ЩʹѧҲ
ѹӡйܶ˶ͬ⣺ƶȺҪʵƶȡ
ʶ̬ڽ̴ģǡѧġŵŵ˹
дһ飬бȽ뱱Ĳ𣬶Ļ
ǰбӢĴơڱԣĵ
ڻǷչйҡŵ˹ΪɲҪԭһӢ
ʵȵطΣֳɵطֱ
ֳ꣬صեȡ˰յԴڶǱǸ½̵Ӣͳ
ڽ̸Ӱ죬ͳΡ½̵Ĳǣ½Ž
ƣ  κ˿Բ׼̻ᣨг
ǧͬ½̻̽ᣩ̵ÿ֧Ҫϼ̻׼Ͽɡ
½̵ɽʶ̬ʶ̬¢ϣʶ̬ͳ֯
ȫģл͸йᣬͨ
ķϰԷγɵϰ߷Ĵ½
ͣڱȽйŷ޵ĲʱҲƵķͣڱȽʮ
͵ķӢʱҲͬСеǣӢٸᣨһ˰
ṫɵ˰ʱȷߣȴ춽˰
˾Ҳȷ֮һ
      ĵĿںѧɺôڰĹ۵㣬Ӧ
ɷڵһλ?

      ɰڿѧ֮ǰ͹Ͱ֮ǰòӦ
ѧݣйٵĺܶⶼͿѧйءй˺ܶ·
Ϊģĵʱǿɣǿ빲ͣ
϶һˡ͸ǲһġǽϲȨƺ⣬ǽ²
β룬ȽϣͱҪǿҪ磺ѡȨ
ȨȨԼ뼶˾֮ķȨ
⡣ûй˼룬γͳν׼ͱͳν׼
ǸǱͱȽȶ

      򣺿ҪȶһԪᡣ

      ༫ġ

      ᵽڹѧѳΪһ⣬ѧһ㶼
Ϊ˵ĺĺһĳ㣬˵
һֱǷҲ?

      ǳʶˡɵѡ˵ʽſѧ
Ҳر˲ſѧйĸʮˣҪһʶ̬ת
䣬ȻתۡۡǲԵġʷϿκһ
ƶȵĸĸҪۡûۣûոˣûڽ̸ĸͲ
Ĺҵ֮ԻԾʮ
±йϵġʱǿչģڽ˶ڽ̻
ӪȵȣȻӰ쵽˵ĹױˡͳֶҲܹ͵
ļӰ졣

      оĻĲ죬˵ĻصǷնרƣĻ
صǿŶݡ

      ĻȽ̸Ŀܴ󡣾˵Ҿù˼ŷ
Ƚġʮʮ͵Ӣķͥһǹķͥ
ڽ̲ǵطķ⽨ͥͥ棬е񹲺ˡϰ
˾ͥѡ񡣵ʱһ㶼ΪķͥȽϹƽΪʲô? 
ΪͥĴڣͥǹķͥҲ϶
ƽˡǻͷйǧķ⽨ᣬֻһ

      й˾Ҳڽиĸǻġ֪ʶȨ
ĺĸضһϳĹ̡й˾ĸҪĸ
ʲô?
˾ԶԪΪǰᡣע⵽й̸˼ˣ
ռ䲻󣬴ǷۣżһЩʵ⡣˵ʵй
Ҫ˾ɱ˳ԺΪɿ˾Ҫͺѡ
Ӣͥš˫ʦһ٣ֻ֤˾Ų
оġ

      Ƿ൱йĺͥ?

      йġͥǲ󰸵ķɵġӢųԱ
ǴٹˣҲһרҽڣǽġԱΨһҪǣ
Ҫģԭ˫ܡ˫κһΪĳĳ
Ż᲻ҪųšйԣκηԹĹ˾
뽫Աųа̡һͲ˾
ĸУΪСƽ쵼˶ƶɵĲУᳫθĸ
ּң쵼˲һ浳ְǾʮйⷽȴ
˻ͷ·ҵ֮ӢΪʵּ֡ҡ
ʮͣĵĲҵĲּңй൱ִĲ
Ҳּң񵳵ĲֱһŰʮҲּҡӢ
ʵִ춾ִλֱӴȡҵ
ȡЩƶȣ̰۲ܸΡ̨ĺڽΪִĹ̫
ġӪҵҲ͹Ӫҵ룩Ӣʮʮ
;γ˹ɶȨƶȡΪû
жĲȨȨƺƲиִܷҶ
ʵƶȡйʵЩƶҲйִ͸̰۸Ļ


      ھ÷棬Ϊйĵ֮ʲô?

      ʲôʲôȥһش½ڻش𡶾Ϣ
ʱ˵ҵǷݱֽ
򣺹йWTO֯ȥЭ顣йý˵ǡ˫ӮΪ
йWTO׸?

      ҪйԹƶȽиĸˡWTO֯Ϸ
йĿǰҪģΪȷϳףԣϷ򣨷ԡƽ͸
ȶϷĿųŵ)Ӧߺƶȡ֪й
жʮҵ׼˽˾ӪСš·óȵȡWTO
˽˹˾ԽйЩгȴ˽˾ӪЩй
ˣĳ"빷׼"? ⲻС»й˽ԼҲ㣬
˵ľ⣬йڳҵʵ׼ƶȣɹ̲
ɡһ˾Ҫʽ𣬶ȴҪֻҪʮǮ
עˡЩġлƶȣҲ˵ġҽڳɳ
棬ũǴҪ֤ʹũڳ˷ӣ˲ҵ
ΪڲУѧҪཻǮа֤Ǹ֤ҪǮ
ԻWTOҲ㣵ġũ岻˽Уأ
⵹⽨ƶȡũ񵽳ȥʧȥ˶صļȨеӦݶ˷
ֲԾͷ˳лҲ˽ũҵʱңרҵ󻧣
غеķʽӪģеũ˽ˮЩƶȶʹũҵ
ڽףԣ޾

      򣺻ƶȵı׶Ҳˣһֱͼĸ

      ƶȵĽʹͬˣȨһ䷢չǺΣյ
йϲ˫ƣʵ˫ƾԵġں뵽WTO
֯ѻøˣйԼò⹫ƽ? й˵
ǿ㹻ӣ֮¶
ܷġ

      ˼뿴ڵĹ۵㣬ǷԼڵĸ۵
أ

      ҷڵĹ۵ҿ˺ܶʷ飬Ǵ½
й˶ЩͬĹ۵Ǹ˽ġйо־Ժ
չĵдһƪ£нϺõĿ¼ӢĶĶ
ܿ൱֣ҲΪй֪ʶȥĶխա
ˣУɣУŵġƲɡһ飬ڵġ˽вƲƶ
һ۵ȻվסšӢʮʮͲԭ˽
вƲַ˰ףΪ˱֤˰Թö˰˿
Ѿ˰ʡԼͬ˰ʣȻȽʵСӢ޹
ҪԼμᡣΪЩɹģȴΪ
˰ֹڲ϶ԹȻֻ˽вƲر
ַʱſܡڵƶȣе棬Ƕҵ
һԴӢսɴ˶ڶԣȨƺ
ǳξðĸƶȵһĿǼ˰ѣȴȥƺ
ƣԷֳ˵ͬԷֳ㣬ʵͽ
˻йĸ￪ź˽л룬ƵӢ˰
ѡһ취ǵ˻عоáԸ⵹ˣҪȡӢĽѵû
Ͳ˰Ծøĸ粻ˣһʵѹϣ
ѹͷ˻ҵĴƶ
ӢֵõĻ磩̨塢Ϻ˳ת͵гɰ
ĹؼִҪȡִԽԽձάһ
Խ׳ɹִԽת죨峯һԽʹ붯ҡ

      йøĸɼĿãθĸչûʵԵͻ
룬йWTO֯ᣬøһ廯ˡ˼۵㣬
㽨뾭ûӦԣΪйWTO֯Ƹĸ
Ϊһƶ?

      Ҳйרң̸̸ֻ˵뷨ΪΪйĳ
Զ棬ҲΪϰյ棬ڵ֮ǹѧѡ١й弶
ѡձ鿪ʼˣһӦþ翪ʼ缶ѡ٣Ȼᵽؼ
ϷչֱѡԽԽáԡֱѡ⣬
Ŀǣŷ֮ԶʧȨΪûѧѡ١ֱѡ
йǳҪ£㲻ᣬȻ鷳ˡԣѧѡһи
ʱִּߵһ·