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	1935꣬־캣±м󡱵ġ෴
ʱ־߸ڡϰѫ±¸Ĵ߾ͱ
ˣ1962й˽ʮȫᣬϰѫʮصĴ1978Ž
ųڹ㶫ʡί˼һǡ1981굽1986ϰѫй
ίԱǴǣһȻǳǡ⼸Уϰѫֺ֧ҫ
ȫĸ·ߣ˼磬˸ĸ߷ڡֻ
¡

	1ͬһһδ䡣

	19829£ҫйʮδϣˡȫ濪
ִ¾桷α棬µʷʱڵǣŽȫ
ܶʵֹҵũҵͿѧִ
ҹΪ߶߶ҡͬʱʮʮ
ʱľǣƽ;裬
ȫͷƣٵ֯ȡʵֹҲ״
ĸתʵĸתʵֵĸתҫδ
ἰʮһȫϱѡΪйǡ
	ɺҫʮͨʱڵ;ͬǰ
ĵȣһص㣬ǡȫ濪......¾桱
ȫ棬ǣҪʵũҵҵͿѧִҪ
߶߶Ҫƽ裬Ҫƽ裻
ľݾǣȫͷƣͬʱʵĸ
תʵֵĸת
	Ϊʵ֡ȫ濪¾桱ĿģҪȫĸΪˣ1983
120գҫȫְ˼ιϷˡĻ͸ĸ⡷
ƪ棬ҪĸִһϵеĸĸĸҪᴩ
ĸִ̣ӦóΪҵ쵼ĻһΪҪָ
˼롣ҫũҪĸвһҪĸòҪĸΡ
̲ſ˼룬ǿָһսߣһеһвţһ
λиĸ񣬶ҪƳ¾ɵģǰϿס
Ҫ⣬ܽ¾飬·
	Уҫ״ҪǷ춽йɫ
壬Ƿ춹ҵǷĸԣҸΪǸ
ĸԻ򲻶Եı־ǽѾ֪ġ춡汾
1992СƽڡѲнġ춡ͬ
˼ҫ19831µĽѾˡ
	ҫܹҸʵУʱĳ
ĸܹ˳ĽУңƸĸĻƸĸҲʧʱ
ͬƸĸͬУεľøĸɵͿԱ
٣йȫִͿ·ǰ
	ǣ㱣֪ҫܲľ޴Ӱ죬
ľ淴Է·ҫĽҫǨͺľ޸ٷ
֮ϰѫԺľ˵ֱظŸͬ־͸ʡ
Сйͬ־˲μӵĻϷһҪγļ
ȥʷγһƬհףô˽أľȻֲ
ˣ216գľձش͸ˮеļ
˵ҫͬ־ְ˼빤ϵĽʮûϵ
ͬʮĵطʮż£㲻ʮļ
ҪԴʩѹҫͬ־һͷˣѹѹ
......ҫȻû˵ʵҪѳаƹ㵽һвšǺܴ
⣬ʵѾ⡣
	һ磬ҦͻȻ֪ͨξֺǴϯᣬ
һ˷ԣϵͳ¡쳣ҫݣһäĿ׷չ
ȡʱҫŹҵֵ7%Ƽ4%ʵʳ7%
ǷԸĸƲ޳ɳиĸȻ޳ɡһսߡһеһ
вšһеλиĸ񡱡Ʒ߿˵һ嶼Ҫģɼ
Ϊһ塱ڼߺǡҷļޡǣҫ
ùָָҫ˵Ӧ·ŵҼίȥѧϰ
Ʒᣬ뿪᳡ľȺҦ֡ƽҲ
ųȥˡľȻҫ̸˵һȥˣҲҪ
Сƽûнʲôֻ˵Ϊֹ
	ǣıҲûСΪֹȺڡ족־
Ա»ȫϣѳҫĽˡ˵Ⱥ
Ĺ㶫ʡί鳤꣬Ͱѽ¼͸ϰѫϺȼ
ʡеձ绰ѯʣʲô£ڶ죬
ΰձܱ༭شְѸñָ߲ȡȺļ¼
ԭ͸ϰѫ
	ǴĻϣľٿ빤ҫ
⣬ξίԱδ̬鵱Ȼûľǣľ
Ҧ־Ȼ˽ʡкطٿ빤֪ͨ￴
֪ͨϰѫѯʣϰѫ˵֪ϰҺʣҲ˵֪
ǡǺаζ֪£Ȼ˽ԷٿҪ
̨빤֪ͨκһκһķͶ
ġԺŵ˵һι͢䡣ϰѫΪΣ
üޣͬСƽ沢˹СƽʾԸֲܱ䡣һ
δˣǣˣ˿ûܵ׷1987
ǰйʷǴδеġ

2ơȾ

	ȾķǵȺ198364գ뵳У
һνʹȨָЩ̽˵컯
£ţϺΰŹ⣻8£յĸؾ
֮һΪۡ׼ļʱ١ӵҺ͡˰ˡ
ͯͬһƽϡϼʧʱ򡷵һƷ
ȾķΧ󣬳ۡšս⣬漰ũ
ͽڡ麣ĸ⣬ǡ硱
	Ⱥ˵ıõСƽ֧֣97ҵȺȼ̸
սߺսߡܸ㾫Ⱦ10ٿйʮ
ȫᣬСƽȫһλϷˡ㾫ȾĽ
йļʽ֪ͨˡµĽʱһɲ
κʽԷǣ10ѮȺյйȴѵ
µĽͺľȺ춡ۡķԣ·ؼϵί͸ɲ
ͬʱ͸ʡеı͵̨֯ķ֪ʿӵۡı
¡֡ۡѾۺյķΧũ壬¸;
ܵھӣսʿ벹ɲսʿڳҶսʿղ
ӰƷŮѵƬ˵ǡȾʽϣŮ
߸ЬŮ裬ܵ档	һʱġ
ۡ־ֻ28ܵЩָĸ￪·ߵ쵼˵ĵƣʾ
ũ岻ۡʾù򲻸ۡʾƼ
ս߲ۡϰѫҺؾ̸֮սһСĸ
1114գйǴνȾ⣬ҫ
˻νȾϸĽޡһ˶;ز
ۡرǺҫ1213սӼŴʱģ÷⽨۹⿴
ִҪǵصǧǰȥһѪǳ̡

3Ʒԡɻ

	19831011գڱٿйʮȫͨ˺ҫ
ġйľᣬйǴһƶ
ʱľҪȷҲңҪǷʲ׼
ҫϺľĻ˵˵ĲԣҪǷβǷҡ
ľ˵ǸСƽͬ־ָʾġţ;ٳ֮Ĺ۵㣬
˵ˣʲôأ
	Ⱥͬľϣ֮˵֮ˣ
һһˡˣҲΪĶ󡣡
	ҫ˵һ㣬Ҿ޳ɷ֮Ĺ۵㡣ǣǿ
ǣǿǽ˼塣......޲׼Ҫȫ࣬
֪֮ʶӶݲ£̸ʵֹ𣿡
	ϰѫ˵޳ҫͬ־Ĺ۵㡣ʲôҲиص㣬
ܶһһӵġصˣͨǴﵽ
֯ϳ׷޲׼ĻĿġاԶʾ޳ҫ
ѫ
	ָίԱץס󰸡Ҫٵ磬ˡʱ
㱣طȴáĸ֡سǼõ
ԭĸС顱ԱͨȺй룬ȡָί
ԱᡣСƽָɵȺ˵ϵ
һɷ'Ⱦ'ķ硣ҾָίԱһЩˣȻ
ָָίԱκҫԵСƽͬ־ָʾӲ
'Ⱦ'ץòݣӦע˵ᷨҲѧ
Ӧý硣ͨӦСƽͬ־ΪĵĵŽᣬ
˼ˮƽһ񶼿ӭж⡣ע⡰Сƽͬ־Ϊġ
ķĸ춡ĸƱȵСƽᶨ
ϸҫ绰˵ʲôǵĸ
ָֻţĿĲͶϣȫͬ־رǵĸ
ɲҪĵҲ˵Ļиɾ˻¡
칫Ҷ飬óԵǴ顣
	198429գǴ⡣ϰѫ߿˵Ҫ
ǡˡǵھûСˡˡΪˡĿǰ
ڵҪϰǣЩ쵼˶춱Լֹ֧Լһеġˡ
춷ԹԼһеġˡȴһЩټЩ
ġˡαװԼƺֺܺáƭ
ĳЩ쵼˵ĻĺΣһأ©
صܲ˵һʧ
	ϰѫķԣԵСƽ͵Ⱥۣ֮֮
ʯڿսʤøڴεձսһ
	ǴͬŽȺŭѷҲ
ֻ֣˵Сƽͬ־Ϊͬ־ܹΪһЩġ
ɴҶɡ
	һ۸ɲĻϣȺͻȻ뿪⣬׸ֺ͵ڶ
ʲ׼ɻľ飬˵Сƽͬ־ǿġ
ڷϺ·ϣϰѫǶַ߿Ķҫ˵ڣʲ׼ɻ
һ˵Ĺӣ˭Ҫͬǿ˳ۣĳ
͸һʲ׼ɻñӣֱдҫ
սҲ¶ʵС̾һ˵ΪʲôһЩ𾴵쵼
ҲԱ˷û¸Ҫ֦Щ˼ĶʲôֵôС
֣ϱûй캰йˡʵĸ
ԼġѵйγɡһɡŽ壿ҿá

	1985918գйȫٿ֮ʣһߵѧУѧ
Ͻͷһȡĸѧ˶У԰ıʹֱ
йҪδȥΨĸĵ·ǲҪһרƣҪ
ٵйСƽĴҳ⽨Ƹӣϴ
ʱ񵱼ʱҫǵĹ
Ȩ̨ѧʾкںţ򵹵Сƽ򵹺ҫ
Ҫ˰Ҫҫйξֺˡԡ£й
λίζԴѧ˶
	СƽЦݵ˵ҿѧǺ£˵⼸귴
ʲ׼ɻǳҪǳʱҫЦ˵ѧ
ʾںûʲô˲𡣡Сƽסˡָҫ˵
˼˵̫ǹԵģǵжԷӵҫ
˵ϵĸ޻̸֮Ǵɲ̫档ؼҪ
ȷСƽ˵ȡȻʩУµ׶ҪץҪ
˵ܷϹ涨ˡл񹲺͹۳桢
ᡢ硢ʾɡǲΪѧϽ־͸˶з
ѽ˵бҪݹһЩڵɵط˴ƶҪ
ƶȡ磺ܷʾʾҪбҪѽ
Сƽ˵ͬ־ʵҪѷʲ׼ɻĶ
⡣...ҽɱ˴ȺСʾͨһطԷ棬Ļ
ǴãԱ˴㡣
	ǴѧʱȺľɱڣšһ
Ҫ֯߻¼̨ϰһС黵ʵרϰѫϺ
ľĻһˮƽԶԶ춵ˡºͺľľʵķԣ˵
ҶԴѧеϲ޳ɣǵһҪȷ˹
ĺѴעʷĻعˣĿΪӮӵ
ԭܽ¼Ľѵȡ赼ķԼ
ѡٵķЩòȺӵĹԶ̭
ӽȡ˺ܴɾͣҲܷϷ⽨ĶȻ鲼ᣬӰ
ǵ˼롢СйУʮͻ䲼ô෨
ɣǷִУίǡʡίǵһ仰ͿԴҵķɣ
ᵳ͹쵼ˡܲˣҪξð
ķչͷƵơΣΪѧлġҪģ
ӦǶãǿնĶһ̣һҪĻ
ʵߣǱмḻʻϡ
	һ쵼ٵ飬ǵʱȡʲô̬
ȡ19859Ǵѧ˶УҫϰѫǾ
ĺϸ쵼ˣСƽľȺȴԭα¶ɱڡ
ʱûкԡϰԼơġĲҾǰݳ
ˡ

4ͺҫһҪСƽ

	Сƽͬҫ֮Ҫ춣ǷʵƸĸǷʵ
ͷΣǣµСƽҫֱԭǣҫϣСƽ
һ쵼λǺԡϰĹͬǣͷ֧
ֺҫϰѫ
	1986524գҫںĴʡһЩϸɲ̸ʱʵ쵼
ữĴ󵨳顣˵꣬Ҳ1987꣬ǵҪٿʮ
ȫᡣλ飬Ǳ¾Ľ쵼ữ⡣
ίԱͺίԱн֮һͬ־ݣһһʮһٶʮͬ־
ѡµίԱᣬЩͬ־н80%90%ʮ¡⣬Ӧ
һЩ35굽40ĸͬ־ίԱᡣ...ڣҿ70ˣҲ
ݵˣЩѳ80ͬ־Ӧˡûȫֹ
Ӧֳˡ֯ᣬ˾޴ķ
졣ľΪһε˵ʱѵһξֻϣ˵
ǵСƽͬ־ḻʸϵĸҲˡЩСʮ
ˣֻ֮ܳΪ쵼ˣСƽ˵ǵĵڶ䡣
ΣҪһĹ̡Ϊǹƶת
۹ͷҪһ¸ص쵼ת䡣ҲҼ
ҪСƽʮڵ
	桢γ־ڷֺ֧ľ
	ţҫһƪ̹졢˽η˵
굳ʮָʱһҪ˳ӳ˳ġڱͳй
⽨רᣬر˶еۺ˼й
ʵйѡͿѧΪֵĿꡣڳ
רƺѹµйѡʮ꽨裬ʮ궯ңּ
һơЩѳΪȫȫĹʶʼֵ˼
ԭȫһµġ쵼ҪҪữѲǿͷ۵⣬
Ǳʵˡ˵ȥϱֵĺ̫ȷ
ʹҲĻôҾʮ־̹׵Ľ޳Сƽͬ־ͷ
һܺõĴͷֻҪСƽͬ־ˣͬ־Ĺҵ
ˣҲָͬ־·
	ҫᣬСƽ˿˵Сƽͬ־Ҫ
ʲôҲҪЩͬ־Ӧҹ
ƵĸƶȺͳ¹ƶЩɹʵ֣ʵ
ǳĵ顣
	ϰѫһƪִʶ޵ǻľټ
˵ִ÷ʽҲ߳
ѡʵϣ֮ѡǰ·
һǻָͼ'ȫ'''·һλΰ䷢ʩüƻ
רӪİ취ȥ̰⣬ѧϰ쵼˽˼
ι͵½ȥȨı˽ܶ⣬üǿȥ˼롢
ۡĻǷ⣬Сƽͬ־ǻһҲǵ
ת䡣
	𼤶˵ʵһ⣬ǾǻҪ
ҪȨϲСƽͬ־ǵȨ.....
	˵ϰ㲻ҪҪСƽͬ־ƶû
ֻһ£ҪȨǸˣǼ塣ߵȨ

	ŷԵģ־־޳ɵ
͵ĶֻСƽһ˵ơ޳Сƽ۾
ָҪֻ̬˵˼ΥĵĻľֳû塣ʱϰ
ѫǼָСƽֹ⽨רŸ̵̾ͳε
λ......Ӧִιɣַǰƽȣ
ιΪ˸ĸΪǰͷչСƽͬ־˳룬ʵƣ
ǵһδ󹦡
	Сƽ˵˵ˣǲϣٹ£Ҹ
ǵĹǲǣǺãҿԲɣһ˵ס
	ϰѫ˵˼ҫûСƽǹ
˼ֻǴҹƸĸⷬģͬʱҲǵСƽĽ
ܶͬ־춹̫ۣ76꣬͹뿪ǣëͬ־Ȼ
82꣬мһֱδܺܺõʹ쵼ְܣǱȡʷ
ѵ
	ûдһ¾²ɢǣСƽҪѺҫ
ľѾˡ˵λᣬԵСƽ˵˭̨
̨Сƽͷ˵Щζ̨ˣìͷȻҪԹ
쵼һ㣬Ǳ֣ʹѪҲֵáע⣺Сƽʱ
ϧһѪά˵Ȩˡҫ̨ʱЩԹҫ
Эʵ֪СƽΪ˵ĺҫԼһѪ
ġ

5ҫ̨ʱʹ⡰ƹ

	198611ѮڰʡϷейƼѧˡ
Ҫɡѧ˶12Ѯ˶չϺ1230գҫ
ٿξֳίᣬ׼ǴóĹ춵ǰʱֵСƽƢ
ˤ绰ίᣬҫָĵطȥ̸Ϊѧ˵ķ
ǡʲ׼ɻ˼Ĳ̬ȲĽʺ
ҫѵûΣҫʾұҵ˵
Ҫվԭ򣬷ͷʲ׼ɻ
СƽԽ˵Խ˵ûרֶǲеġרֶΣҪ
ұҪʱҪʹá.....ҪѪ¼ʲô취ע
СƽѪ¼ɼҪɱıѾõġ
	ڵСƽν֮ᣬ1987Ԫֱһ
ģʾ
	Ԫ֮ҹڵСƽ桢ơ𡢱һڽܹĵز
һ͢䡣ҫڹǰйʮȫ
йǴϰѫƾѾ쵽Σüޣ֮̽
ҫҫΪ㵣ģҫ˵𣿲ʲ
ôϾѾˡҹҫ칫ϵĺӳġִŵ
ʣҫڸʲôҫ˵оѧ
⣬ͼѰһָ׵ĽǰΣ·ӡ˵Ȱ
æŸɱģСƽͬ־̸һ̸ϴ󣬼һԼ
ʧȡΪáҫ˵ҲûзʲôҼʲô
ˣҫͬ־ڵһЩҪϲ˷磬Сƽͬ־
μҡ¼ңӦþ㳣ǵҲ
ˣѵԸ⿴ǵһηѣᣬ˵ϼ
ˣ㻹ǾСƽͬ־ϸԽԽã
	Щ˿ҫ֮ìܡʵ˵Ĳֻͬǿ
Ĳص㲻ͬһشϿ⣬һشӾϿ⣬
ͬһִһЩһһЩǣڼֵȡιϣ
;ͬģͷʱǻġѵġ
	ڶ죬ҫĽ飬СƽСƽΪҫ
ںô󽲳ɼ̸磬Сƽڰ˵ǶǹеΧ
֮ûбҪپˡҴٿһᣬʲôҰ
̸úùͨһ˼
	ҫʱͬСƽʱؽ֡λ֧
вη硢ֵλμҵһ֡
	ֻһ죬ҫͽӵίԱ֪ͨϺС
νᡣйίίӵ֪ͨһЩξίԱмί
ίĳԱҲμ˻顣йίαһ֣һʼҪ
ҫ̼֡ҫֻһӣʹĻҫͬɻ
ļ﷽֮㡢ûȡţ˵
Ļȥʲ׼ɻӽ˰ɡ˵ҫ
ҪǲԸߵĻ㲻شˡһ˵ҫ쵽
ܣȫǧ㶼ܱˡǵʷϼλϯϯ
ܵ߼¼ⲻָɽ侰ȡ衣Сƽ˵ҫ
ټξֳίᣬð칫֪ͨҲμӣƫȥڱǰҰڼ
ӣǰʸġ˵̵ǺҫԴСƽͬ
־̬ȡ
	ڶνᣬٿξм˱μӻ
ϰѫʯ
	ȷԣ˵Ǽ᳹Сƽͬ־'ʲ׼
'ָʾѧƽϢȥˡϵƭѧʾǶǲ
ԾԾĳ䵱жȨ͸Ĺߡҫͬ־
˼쵼Ȩɻ˼ڸУĴġţһ
ҪҫְΪ˴ͬ־뷨
	״α֪ͨμϰѫ޿̵ָűһ桢
˵찡ǸʲôⲻݡƹⳡϷ𣿡ѫ
ŭⲻϲ۵ǵȥ⣬Υ
ԭġǿͷֻ͹ҵİŽ»Ҽ
ָɷҫæվȰ˵ѫͬ־ѿǺˣҸ
ҾʹְѫʱֳĬҫ˵ιҽί
ҫûиһԸУѧҪмԭ򣬼˼빤
ָʾ෴Ƽ˴ɻ˼ʮصĸɲ֪ʶӡ൱
һˣĶˣоз֮
	Сƽ׶ϰѫз˵ҵȻ˵ٿĸ
ɲҪҫͬ־ְȥ⣬Ӧξֻ
ϾǣѵϷһ¸˵Ŀ𣿽Щҫ
Ҳѫͬ־ؽɣΪʲôڵһͬ
־ԼɺûأЩԽǿͷϽ
ˣʵֻԼɡҿ'
'ֻǳͷβʲ׼
	Сƽ۾˵ϹݵķǷʲôһ
˵ĿǰԤȲ߻ҵıй͢䡣ڵһε
ϣСƽ;ֹͣҫǵְڵڶεϣȷ
ǿȺҫְٿξֻ飬߹һƤͼ
ãңξҲȨǣΪȫѡѽ

	ϰѫϵǿҿȻֹСƽʩǣ
ѫȺħ˪ͦйй֪
ĹԱ־л尮ȻĺȻĸ߷
ں͵Сƽ˵ĳоʷᣬ˼˵
	⣬ġᣬϰѫ1990һȫ˴ίϣָ
СƽʱҵɶȺͽӴСС֪׼ȷ
ݣü˵