ѡٶ


 ƽ



ȫν

      ͳѡеһ̨ϷĴѡ主Ϸ
һƽʱεĻ˶ֵ۷׷סѡս
ڡ
      ѡս岻ķҵ쵼ˣԺƽķʽ
ȨתơⶼѡսĽѡս廹ѡսĹ̡
      ѡսϷ˹ڵĹעͶ룬ľԼǵ˼
Ͳ롣ѡս˴֮ƽȶŵĶԻ뽻
ڵƽȶŵĶԻ뽻໥֮ƽȶŵĶԻ

      𼪶˵ú:ĽԣûʲôѡսҪˡ
Ψͨѡս̵ذе˽ҪҲΨͨ
ѡսزԳԳ˵쵼
ѸٵشϢʱصԼ
      ѡսμҵĿãҲĿáѡսʢգȫ
νҽȻƽʱѧУһֱй֪ʶ
鿯ýдоۣҲдλ
в˲Ĳ롣ǣѡսȴϷԺ;סǡ
ԶԣУ󲿷ڵ֪ʶνҽ
ͼкɵģѡսнеĺɵġ
      ݱһλĳ⳵˾˵:й˻һѡ٣
ΪϤΣϤǵ쵼ˣй˲ϤѡҲ֪ô
ѡλ˾˵Ҳʵ飬ǡõߵϵй˲Ϥ
ΣΪȨΣΪܹԲϤΡ
ѡսҪǹ񣬵ѡսʹΪ
      ѡս˲ơ˻ԡѡսƻ빤
ȫԷءزѡٻ͹ǿǲμӵĸ
˶ν̡ͬѡսҪǮ
ѡսǺѡԼǮ֧־ԸǮҲʽѡ˸
һܵȷƣƩѡ֮꣬ȫ
֧İٷ֮һרƹĿĸѵľ޴ʵ
ȡ

빲

      ͳѡӮöѡƱĸ߶ܰѡõѡ
Ʊ춶ֵĻõѡƱСʲʤ˿
ʲô?ֱЦ
      ͳѡٲȻĵ߿ֻ֪һ֪
ǣƣͬʱҲǹƣơͳ˵
ȫѡģ׼ȷ˵ȫʮѡġ
      ٸӣϹҪͶƱķʽѡһλˣ
˭õƱ˭ѡ㲻?ȻǶ֪
һٸɵģϹԹΪλִСһһϯ
һһƱ(ݲǼ¹ķȨ)ٶϹһٸԱ
ӮʮƱֻʮƱôȻѡǣ
ʮƱʮСƱ˿ڼһ𻹲˿ڵ30%ĵƱ
ȴǵʮ˿ڼ˿ڵ70%˵Ϲ
ԵĻѡУõ˿70%ֵ֧ȴҪǸֻõ
˿30%ֵ֧(ٶͬùͶƱ)ⲻֲ
?Ƿһ룬ϹͶƱǸݹҵ˿˿ڶĹ
ƱӦض࣬˿ٵĹƱ١һйƱͱ
һٸСҵƱࣻˣһСͶƱʱֱأ
춱ųھ֮⣬ǸﻹҪϹ?
      ֪ʮ϶ɵ(ӹɿ
 United States ϹϹ United Nationsһ
stateΪλһԹnationΪλ)
ʮݡȨҪ׶ʢٵ
ΪԵͳϽҪɸѡģ
ȫѡġǵݵ˿вѡͳʱ
ݵƱҲȡݵƱ࣬СݵƱ١ʵϣѡƶȾ
ڴȨСȨ֮һЭѡŵɣһ
ִСݣÿ(ͬÿԱ)һǻ
˿ڱݵһЩСݵһЩ(ͬÿݵԱж
)ǹ͡ӹ͡
      κƶһѡƶҲбסͳѲ
ѡƶȴ֮ŷϳѡƶȵһҲкܶĵ
ٶ꣬ܶش仯뵱֮
Ϊ֣طǿ򵭶ˡټ˿ںʵԴΪӣ
֮ìܣǿ˸ݼ໥ԼȫһС
£ĵһЩ(˶ڶ˻ַС)
ѾٳΪ⣬ʶȫֱѡͳ׺ˣά
ѡƶȵȻ׷ΪϳѡƵ춸ı
ʣô?Ҷһо²˵ⳡۡ
ֻɴй⡣
      ͺܶйѵĿ෴ܶйѼͳѲΪ
ѡƶᡢЦֵΪйҵĿ෴Ϊδ
йҲʵͳƣôѡвοֵ
      й˿ڷֲƽ(ע)˿ڱҲ൱
⣬ҸԾסڲͬĵζţйȫֱѡʽѡͳ
ѡ˺ܿܶȫԸ˿ܼĶչѡƱѾ
ϣû˿¹ΪѡƱ
ѡƱ΢ͳʩʱҲ߾ȫ㶫ġ˵Ҫ
Ͼˣĺȥӭ϶ӭϺˡ
ϡǵѡƱɼйʵͳƣΨ(Ȼһ
)ѡƶȣǲܱ档
      йĺ١һ룬ĸ￪Ŷʮ
ΪʲôڲҪ?Ȼƶʷġĺ
ĵԭ򣬵ҲڲйءΪʲôڲ?Ϊ
̫٣ϲҪ֪˵εĿ
춾õĿǣΪвضнٲ´Ͷʣס
ģֻµظ˶ŲضˡҲ֪˵Ƿȷ
ӵʵ顣
      йѡƱ̨ٲ⣬ֻ
Ϊʲôйũռ˿ڵľ󲿷֣ũȴһٱӡ
ԭҪ£˭?˵йũ񱻺ӱһѾ
㹤ҵ԰ũΪۡ󼢻ģȻԲô
һݵͶӦ˾ֻûˡֱ죬йȡ继ڶ
ԪơǣйũȻ࣬סɢ粻㡣Ͻ
ɺͽɵ£ũǺ֯ͷģĿܸũ
¡ϣ˷ɴƬ壬ȨԹشв
֮ũ۸Թ۸ũ
      ߼ǣ˭۸۸˭һάԼȨΪ׼ﻹ
һӡ߿ƶҲǵйԶƽһƶȣڷ
ǰƽȡǹҲ˸ӣͬķ¼ȡ߲һ
˵֮ıãÿѧͷ̯
ѱصĸߣȫͳУؿռˡҪƽ
ظͬ涨ͬ¼ȡߣôؿ¼ȡȱĵһЩ
ǣʵǡǡ෴¼ȡ߷صĵͣҵͺܶࡣⲻ
۸?а:Ϊ߿ϵǰ;漰
мͥ棬ھҡӦ£ɵظڣ
Ա򰲸ġָ±ˡ¡ˡ¡
ΪȨвֱӡ
      ǻصѡƶȵǰ˵δйҪʵͳ
ΪѡƶӦοѡơΪй
ͳƲڸ(Ҳ)ڸ£ͳλ
ѡٲҲͲǷʵѡƶȵˡ˵ʵڸ
ƵԼڸ˲úѡƶȣǰдƪۡ
˵ˡ

Ӱ

      ͳִֶ꣬ļѣǣĸָ߶ڽδѡ
ȴδ乲͵ռʲôơѡδѡʱͶƱֶ٣
ȴعͷȥƱͶ˹͵Сʲ͹ˣͳɵ⣬
ѡȻ뻻ȻͳɵΪʲôѡҪ˼
Ǩ?
      ԭܶ࣬Ӧ˵Ҳ൱һѡйءѡ
Ϊ˰ˣθֵ˼ҹ͵ˡ
      Уһ׵ִ̨һ
ִ̨ִˮתʮӶ
ʮ˰εӰǣΪʲô
νӰ?
      ˽˵Ϊ˷ֹȨĸһһִʱ̫ܻ
γһ̸ڵ漯ţӶԷȨƺиʴƻҲ˰
ӰԵϲɣʲô£ֻǴҶ㷳ˡ

      ѧŵ(Robert Nozick)дһƪ£ĿǡThe Zigzag of
 Politics(Zigzag֮ΡZΡε˼)Ӱһֽ
ȤΪҲеԼӽܡ 
      ŵǿϣ׷ļֵĿǶֶġźǣ
µĺöܶװһͬļֵĿ겻ܶղݡ
㵽һ֮СЩֵĿǱ˴˳ͻģƺ㲻ɼã
㲻ܲȡ᣻ЩֵĿȻԲ湲ݣ㲻һʱ
ʹǵõͬȳֵʵ֣㲻ܲءǵļֵƫòͬ
ʶγɲͬĵɡ
      춹ѡЩѡǿҵͬһһļֵĿ꣬
ͶƱԼͬĵɡҲ൱һмѡûй̶ļֵƫ
ãҪҲҪ㡣ƺ㲻ɼõ£ѡͶƱ
׵ƵҪȼ׵ִһʱᣬǸеƵ
ҪѾ㣬ǾͰѶҪȣתѡƱͶҵ
      һǳıȷñ˯˯طΪûһ˯˿
ÿһֶõַɡһ˯ˣĳЩˣ
һЩȴԽԽеѹеŤǾҪƣԭ
ĲֵˣԭĲֿˣ˻Ҫ
ƣܻܿҪٷȥȻЩ˯ҪһЩ˯˸Щ
ٺõ˯Ҳ˯һӡ˵ԱϣԼļֵƫԶռϷ磬ϣ
ԼĵԶִꣻѡҪ仯ġ
ڣһƫһƫңͺ˯Ҫһᷭһᷭȥࡣ
      ִʶ԰ڶԾظıԼ
ȡӦı仯ǿԳִȥ?
      ûôסǲԸ䣬ΪԼ
Ҳѣ㷢ƫ֣Ǿ͵Լľѡ죬ĳЩ
ֵļֵĿ꣬úͶûʲôڱھͺͨù
ڵڳѡʱͿܳߡ˵Ҳûãú
ԵĶûʲôֵ֤ȷѡƾʲôͶƱĶ
ҪͶ?ڸԶʤ֡ʵϣִ
ֱ֮ʱŬȡǴҴҵֿ£
Ȼһĵܾ˵Ƿ˹
ͼƻõ̶ַ˸ҵûзĻ
ֵȡƫãĶֻ
      ϼԵ˵ϡ
     עѧҺ1935ǣӶİص
ڳػһֱߣйֳɶ֣ôռ36%
ռ64%(ʱ)˿ռ95%ֻռ5%1985꣬
ռ45%ռ55%(ٰ)˿ռ96%ֻռ4%