˹˽˷¼()


6-6Ӣ֮һǳļ

	194410£Ӣ쵼˵Ĺϵƺʼһ½׶Ρ
ڶηĪ˹ƵҪǲ⡣Ӣʹţ
˵׶رѵĲҪʹ
ɻɽܵЭ飬ʹ֮ԸѺùϵ
ա˶ߡղ߽ĲںŻɳ֮ǨɳȻ
ȫȷ˵һķչܻᰴշͰµķʽߣҲ
ųֿܡȻ𼪶Ī˹ڼ䣬׿
Ҳ׶ȴδʱ쵼˴Э顣Ӣƽ
鲨Ī˹ƴЭʱǷʵһ
Ļ̸н׿ƲҪòҾ˹ֵʱԸ𼪶
ΣʱĪ˹̸ڼг໥Ρ
£Ӣ࿪һֱڻʷѧҺͼǵĸֽͺ
ۡˣϸ1944109˹ְ칫ҷһУǷǳ
Ҫġ
	ʱפʹ˹ί𼪶˹̸ֵ
۲ԱͬʱͳҲڸ쵼˵ǿ˵Ӧòμ̸
ΪԼ˴λ̸ڼܴɵκЭκιϵԹ
ûвμκ̸УȻӢ֪һС
	˵Ǵ̸ڼ䣬ûʹûͬõ
ӢǡӢ쵼ֻŷе̸
	𼪶ʼ˵ΪǳҪǳ弸쵼һֱͨ
⡣
	Ըκ⣬˹˵
	Ǳ̸𼪶ʼԼ˼·һ
ϣһǡ㣬Ӣ˲رĵġеӦǵ
һԣϣ˹Ԫ˧ǶϣķȨΪԸ
˹Ԫ˧ǵķȨ
	˹ֶӢʾ⣬ʾӢܿƵкĻ
鷳ͬ𼪶ϣзȨ
	ΪӢ˵Ǳ⽻Щ
ʹáΧıΪʹΪǲġһ
Ҹ½⣬һͳ׵ġ
	˹ᵽ˹Ը˴λ̸κξΪǡ

	Ҹ֮˵Լ˼·˵ΪԼ̫
Ȩ棬ʹеº޵Ļᡣ֮лԼġ

	ʾκͲǱ̨ʵĽ֮𼪶˵
	һݷǳļа׶ĳЩ˵뷨
ڴͳһĵֽƬֽƬչ֮Ƹ˹֣

	ı뷭롣ֽݵĽмУ
	
	90%
	10%
	ϣ
	еߡ90%Э̣
	10%
	˹򡭡50%50%
	50%50%
	
	75%
	25%
	˹ϸؿһ֣ͭóһ֦Լϲĺ˫ɫ
ǦʣϽǻһɫԹȻһδƻֽƬ
	һγʱͣ١𼪶ȴ˳Ĭ
	᲻ΪǺ޳ܵģ˼򵥾;漰ǧ
˵⣿յֽƬɡ
	Ƕ˹˵
	𼪶ֽƬؽԼĿڴ
	ǳʱĳĬ
	ԵĳѾд˺ܶࡣٷȻͬ⽫Ϊڶŷ
ΧЭ顣ĸ߲쵼ָ۹
Ĵе߽дɵĽסΪ⡰ߵĻ
ԭìܡұԼһƪоƵɡ޷Ӵ
ʹǷǳŪࡣ⽻1983깫Ϊ1941-1945
սڼӢϵļУû˹𼪶194410
̸¼Ȼ˴̸֮¼֤ˣܴĳЭ飬
ȴжϡ
	ˡ
	λ쵼˵̸𼪶˹չʾԼֽƬ
֮ǰԶ׼Ƕȷ˫ϣǵӰĪ
зǵĻ̸˵һ㡣ûвμ̸ҷԱǰ͸
ļ¼ͬûǰᵽ⽻ļ࣬ǰ
¼ȴˡ
	ĪзԮ˹𼪶Ļ̸Ӣͬ˵йر
ֵע⡣
	ܷһЭ飬Īз˵ǣ
һ˹ıΪ7525
	ȴǰ̸Ҫö࣬Ƿ˵
	ôǾͰ9010˹Ϊ5050̶

	ͬйĽ飬ڱӵиӰ졣
	ıΪ7525ǱҲɡǣ
˹Ӧ6040ǵߣǲߵ̫Զ
	ǽڱǵıΪ8020ȴҪ5050ı
˹ĪзӢ˹ôԱӦ
9010ͬʱ˵ڽ˹6040ʱ˼ǣշ
ûȤڹвиӰ졣ֵעǣϣⳡ
иûбἰɼշûзӢĽ顣
	ּۻ۵ǣֲȤڱ
ǵģӢԸͬһ㡣˹򣬲׶ص
˹ܷЭ飬Ҫ˹ͬߡ
	𼪶ϣǻ㱨ԼĪз̸ʱ˵һ
սûеߵ档ȻƺԭѾͶŷ
ΧЭ顣
	糿һڴڵ𼪶
˸˹ֵһţ˵йرϵЭ顣Ȼе˲
ΪǱ˹еģǰĹżĲݸ塣	
 
	۲ԱԷһţͳǳ
һС
	ǿġΪ𼪶嵥УһҲǴӴ˿ʼģ
ķݶʾʮģ⵱Ȼʹʢٸе⡣𼪶˹
ûзš˹ֺ𼪶ǩķ˹ͳ
籨У˵ǱоθõЭ԰Ͷɹҵߣ
䡱
	䣬ᵽ˹𼪶ͺϿƶȽͬʱ
Ӣ쵼о⣬ʹԸ½̬ȡ

	Ͽʹ˹޷ǵãڵһսڼ䣬
˹ŵսʤзˣҲ֮󣬽Ͳ˹³˹Ͽ
Լʿ̹ƽɳ۹˹̲˲޵ĺԼ
һ֮󣬶ԺϿȻϣҪȴ
ָ˹˴ﵽԼĿġ
	Щ˿ա˹վδܵõϿ
	˺ϣ¼Ӣ൱пѹ˹쵼ĵֿ
飬ʹΪĪ˹ƴɵЭõء˹ֶϣ
˵Ԯװƣƽע׶ضǲȡѹʩͬأ
Է֡·˹йضǾƽлԤҪ󲻼ǣ
Ӣ⽻Ī˹ʩ˴ֱѹĪ˹ЭĽǶȿ
ʼ¼ʱ˹ֵķŭҲ⡣
	
6-7˭£

	Ӣ׶ڼ䣬˹ָʮ𾴣Ҳ֤˹
ֶ𼪶ɵЭеȫ⡣˹ֲٴ𼪶ķֹ
ԼļﹲֹͣѰǵã˹ֽ𼪶
ڴʹݹʱĪз鴦ذ֣Ī
˹ذ֣ӢʹǺεæҡƺǲܵġΪǰ
䡱δȥκδʹݡĪзȥԱô
ʹ׼ҷϯģ˹ֻĪзά˹άŵ
Ϳŵάˡ
	
	𼪶ʼս󱣳ֺϵҪϵ
벻áΪ1946ڷٵƪ˵ʵϵһˡս
Ŀʼ1944꣬еŶϣսҪʱ𼪶˵
ҪҪʹ˹ţѾΪҵⷰ顣
	ǵʿսΪ֮ѪδӢĽ
ʷᣬʶʮּΰȫչʾ
սʱڻںƽʱڣǶ˵ɡҸԭҲ
ΪӸ˵Ĳ֮䱣ѺùϵΪ˲
ӢⳡսӢ˶ڲ侫ƸеϵΡ
Ҫһǣ̹ҡ̬ķչʹٸԵ
ϵӻ
	̻жٸʦ˹ͻȻ𼪶ĺۡ
	Ӣһˡûϵ⡣Ϊ̸۵ǽ̻
ڲȫΧľӰ졣ǣ˹ٴαˣֻ
ʵ𼪶Ӿصϡ
	漰˹⡣˹־˵еɽ˹
˾ͬ˵ú׶ص˵˵ù
ǳ֮ã𼪶򲹳˵ǳᣬԻ۾顣
	ˣ˹ʵ
	ʮһ꣬ǻش˵
	ʮһˣ˹ּ̾˵ôʮͿʼͳζ
ˡ
	ǵ侭ᵽ˹۹ɳͳߡڲ̹֮ǰ
սܵġ۹׶վӭʱѯ˹֣Ϊʤ
Ƿе졣
	ɽɳʶ˰裡˹ֲɫػش𵽡
	ǾЦĳص˼֮󲻾ã
쵼Ī˹ʿĪ˹ƣ˹֮
	Ҫֿ˶Ա򵱾ֽɳô죿
	䡱ش˵ǻܰ

	˹ʲô˼ǷڵĴǰ˹ս
Լƽ󰶱ߣ
	
	ÿλ𼪶˹ܲŹԼĺøСҲ
ΪӢ쵼ԸڻεĻչϵԸ⽫˹ֿ
ƽȵⷰ顣ʱ𼪶̬ƺڲ֤ʵۡڿ
ķֹһηʢ֮λ쵼˵һ䲻󣬵ǳ¡
ɫķҶʱӢ̬ʮ
ŰغͿȣž޴ѩѣ𼪶ֹһεԹ԰˹
ֲҪΪӢμӹάĸǳ	˭
˹ֺͽ˵
	ܲԭұ֯ЭԼ֣𼪶
ֵ
	ˡ䡱ش˵ϵۿ
ˡɡ
	1019糿𼪶׼ȥʱ˸ֽ
ӣ˹ֵױʱ㺯װͼϸĻƿһǸ
˵ģ滭šж֡ڶ칭ܵ֡Ƿ
ĳ壿𼪶Ī˹̸ڼͨУ˹ֳ
ֻǿķֹӿ²ö֪
	194412µף˹ٴչ𼪶йϵŬʱ
Ӣڰǵѡ¾ʹôŷ˾ս
߱ԼɭߵΣա𼪶ԮǲվԪ˧
صǰĪ˹ƣҪ쵼˾ľŪܷǰ
չơڼս𼪶˹ͨ˵ܷԪ·
ָ֮ά˹ӵκεĴģ Ϊ̬

	վָӲʱûɱҪ׼Ϊǰ
ܻɸѺ˹־˾չʾ⡱ѶԷ
1942ʱӢûгԮǵս˾
Ӣĵ籨˵ͳ˧Ӫ׼
ԪսԵ¾ȫԲػɣ
ǽκοһУǿ˾ṩԮ
	ŵˡԪʮʮգ700ƽ
һգƽ500˻ɳ˰µǺӣ
¹¹ߡֹգŶ鿪Ļ֮ǰֻ60
˾ֻ500
	ߵŵĵһȫϣ𼪶л˹ְ˰ɭ
ͨ˵ǵľѾĹۡǣŶϣҪ
Ľȴʾ˹Ӣ쵼˴ɡ¡ϣˡڵ¹ս
ϣڲϣϹµȵһϵϳִͶ
ǿıصȣ˹ָ˹ദ
	ڴܵ¹ǰϦӢϣʹֶڲ
̸Уʹ氵
	£ǰ˹˹ż֮й
ķֹΪʵЩӢģң𼪶ܶ
𲢷ûԵʡ
	ڲ̹ϣ˹ָо³ͳĵ̬Ѿ
ܣΪ𼪶ͬڲ̹ԭӵթĪ˹Ƶͼıʹ˹
־в˹ֲöԶŷʩǿѹΪӦҲ
ļҷӦ𼪶ڷٵ˵ܵ³ŵĳޣʾ˹
𼪶ϣǻѡ
	˺󣬴һϵļʾ𼪶
	𼪶˽ҽĦʿ1946Լ˵һ̸
ʱȻԭӵ
	ǲӦõȵ׼ʱ򣬡Ӣǰ˵,Ϊ
Щ˵ꡣ֪ٷ֮ʮĻеҵҵĪ˹ƣ
ҿʹһըݻҲζ˵ǣ
ԣν΢΢һЦǸĵʷԽƩķ
ֹı١
	1948꣬פӢʹ·˹˹̸ʱ𼪶ָ
	ǡʱˣǲ˳֣뿪£
ǽӵĨǵĳСΨһܹܵԣԡ


6-8˸ֵĺ

	ս˹ִӲŹκλõʿ
һĵӡй͵ͳѡ˻ǡǰפĪ˹
ʹԼɪ򡤴ά˹̻ϯˡղɭս鱨ֵǰ
άŵȵȡȻǵеĴûֱӵӰ
Ϊǽ¼̵̸Ҫġϣά
ŵĪ˹֮бʮȤ
	194311УάŵΪ˴Լ˵ʱӢ
µӡȡŵǶ׶ˡͷº
֮פʹһ𣬳ըװʹר
ɵĪ˹ơ˴ηʵĿģ鱨֮ɴ¹ľ
ƽϡ
	
	ŵڹͬ˿ķֹҷ̸
	໥ʺ֮󣬶ŵԼõĿģĿǰ£
˹빲ͬ˼ս붯ԱеԴʤܻ
õ鱨Ҫĵλŵ򣬸߶鱨
Ϊ鱨֮佻ϣ˾ǰս
	ĪзԴ˱ʾȤ˵ŵӦйػʵ
飬˺Ӧľߡ
	ʱĪз칫ҵŴˣ˹˽Ԫ˧
ǸʱеġϨ˻̶Ǵ޵ĳԱվ
³ͻȻŵȻһʱĪзȻ֪˹Ҫ
ԼĿˣŵ˵ó
	ҷǳˣܹҵؼ˹Ԫ˧
	˹Ǵ£Լм䣬Ҷ˵
ŵԾĪ˹ƵĻᣬʶ˵
Ǹɵ÷ǳɫ
	Ҳ˵ŵæӦά鱨ȫ
ʢΪˣĪз飬֮佻鱨
	Ϊǲù̶ķʽֺĪ˹ƺͻʢٻЩ
Ĵ˹˵
	ŵתƺҪһشĽ顣
	֮ͣ󣬹˵Ϊģʾ֧֡
ŵѸٸʹ
	ֵǣ΢ϣδ뻪ʢٵȴ̾
ʾͬ⡣ӹĻ¼֪ڵºʱ˹ͳ
۹Ƶ뷨õͳԭϵͬ⡣˽ܵã
˺ܾãȡַʽĪ˹⡣˹ֳ飬
˴ʹ񡣵ҲܣˡȷˣԴ֤ʵ鱨
ͨΪ鱨Ŭʹͳǣڵº
ʹ˹齵ķ˸񲪵ġС׳桱һֱתÿ糿
Īз֤ͨһ쵽һķֹרáֱơֽӡ̸
ݣñʲд˹ͳ̸ÿ˵ͬļҲ͸˹
ԣȻ֪˹й鱨̸ܺ
	
	ڽļŵ񲿵쵼˻̸˫˳ش
Э飬ڶԷ׶رһԼԱɡ

	Ͷŵǳ˷ܡǣ֮˹ͳ뷨
Ϊǰ׹ĻųǺϽ˹߸Ͳϲ

	ʵϣͳֻı⡣1944굽ˣ˹ԣǵ
ĸµĴѡꡣѾչļҵľѡڼ䣬˸ֵĺЭ飬
ܻᱻ˹ͳĶá

6-9׸̸άŵ֮

	е־ȣΪй½ʡ⽻ĵǼǲϱ
ҹ⽻ίԱܿŵ𡣵Һܿ˽⵽ʡʵ
Ī˹ڿơ֮γ־棬Ҫǵʱפ³ľ°飨
򣩷Ҫá½ͳߡ족ʢŽѺùϵ
ʹ߽йʡΪһʢŶЯβ
Ͷȼ٣μˡ䡱һΣ족Ϊ
Ա
	ΪԼʲά˹Ա˹ֿ˵
ǣϵĿǣĿǰ̸¡
	ǣλ족İԼˣλԺǿĵ
ԱԾԷӵķʽִĪ˹ƵָʾĵȻԴ
ʹá׵ʱڸ߶Ȼܡ
	˹ָ߶°½Ļƺţ
ܹʡĴ֮ĺøСЩ׸ң
й񵳵Ĺϵı䣬½ȹ黹֮˹һСȦ˵
֪̫ˡһźţй͵ʧˣ
ѱΣˡĶĳ顣
㰴ѾǳϤĳʽչ
	³ľݼٵİȥ˰ȡɽ
˳ǰˡ䡱Χκ˶ɣ˹
԰ŵġ
	սܿŵȥ³ľ족
°Ϳ֣͵ĵԱڣʢŵĹϵʼ
ԸίԱһδ޲
	ܿ죬ʯԼķʽʹˡ족ͷ½
ջء
	Ҹ˹˹ŵά桤׸йα̸Щ̸
ƺżȻеģҲǵÿξһЩʱ֮
һҴһһɡ
	
	뽲Ǵ̸ر𳤣ʮ̹ʡ1972꣬׸ﱻ
ϯְ񣬵άϯųԱʱҵġ
ʶ̬־׼׸ʮڳһƪ
¡׸۱༭ļϸ⡣йص֮
׸һһɡάŵ
֡
	άŵ򣬡׸￪ʼԼǸҾ⽻
ң˹ֶȻֻĳЩʱ֮ǰĪзݲ
άŵ򣬵˹ֿ佱ߵʱĪзʼ뷽跨ʮĩ
άŵȻάŵܹҺ͵๤ĪзҲ
ϲ֣˵˹ֳֵġ˹ֱ˶Ҳ
źǣ˵֪ʶ;ûеõáƩ⽻
߲ʡȴڿĪı٣
¡վաάŵҪӱҡ
	仰ʹҾӱҵˡʲô˼Ϊݹٷ
˵Լıʱ׸˵
	ʵϣڴϣǩԼʱѾҪάŵ
һ̫ˣڹԼ̨ҹϣյ¹
ôһˣʱ̣⽻ίԱְλȻѾ
Լľ黹ǿõġǣĪзȴ뷽
ʹ׽ְĪзԹһϲͨԸһ
о飬Ϥˡ1941֮ǰάŵ򱻽ְֻеǵ
ǳ⣬˹ÿݵʱάŵľ飬
ʢʹάŵ˴Ĺ˵Σ
ʱ̾ǣȡ跨赽ʮԪڿ
ɵ˵ûʲô塣1941죬Ѿˣ
裬ûʳƷӵĶװԼװߣ̬ķչ
治֪ءԣάŵĹͣ˹
ʿĺøУ˾ƷӦȡͽ⽻ϵ
һǣһ鰲׵ĪзͿʼ˶άŵ
ӻʢ˻벻ӦάŵãˣӦ
һƽӹġȱԵ滻صĪ˹֮άŵȻʽϵ
⽻λӣʵѾ˱ߣǬ౻ְݡ
ܲҡǳ⣬˹ֱﰲŵġ	Ҵ
δĹڳ˵Ըе𾪡Ҹ̾
	˹˹ŵά棬ⲻܣҼֱЩ
Ǹ
	׸ﲻɫ˵
	ҷǳϤǸطάŵıԶǸת䣬
ԣάŵĳ֮·Ϻһ̨ Щǰźõ
˹Ǹһеĸ֡񲿵˽沼Ȼͳ˳
˹ǸˡƵв١̫ԺԱ׺
˹פ³ľ°ȵһ˶ֳ
	˹ɳͷάŵ򣬡׸˵ս
ʱάŵѾ˱ߣסڱĪ˹Ƶ߼Ա
һ㰴ϰûᣬǵĻָҲ

	еһ̸У˱Թ˵ʮִֹ
˸ִ˹ֺѴ򽻵άŵԴ˻ش˵˲ظе
ִֹҲĳ޶ȣˣ˱ֳһǿӲʩӦѹ
ô쵼ҲòġΣԼάŵ̸
¼й˹ֺξֳԱҲ档άŵ
ΪʹǸе߿ʵѹڡάŵὨ
򽻵ﵽԼĿġ˹вǹ
άŵ򡣵ʳţʹ˹Ĺϵӻԣ
һֱ¡ûǡͲ顣ˣ֮
˹־ɽ©ˮִԼоάŵڳ
	ǵ׸ҽһзǳҪܷ񣬵ȻԮ
Լĳʹλ
	ϣ˹˹ŵά˵ܹߵʱڵĻ
ҽлһнǣĻôԸ
ԵĿǣʹϢ
	ص༭֮׸̸ϸϸؼЩ
¼һֱһɿĵطڣҹλʱûΥ
˹˹ŵά־
	࣬ûɶ׸ǷʵԷɡ
ô˹Ѫ߰ߵȺϣһߣҿ
һ̵ķ
	(δ)
