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7-1˹ṩı

	ʱչξίԱǳڸԻİ칫֮⣬ڿķֹ
йסЩλίԱά(ע)¥Ķ㡣˹
֡Īзİ칫ҲֻڲͬȰˡ롰ˡ
Ǳǡ194110Ѯ⽻ίԱɢ˹űѩУʱ
⽻ҲᵽǶȴȥ˸߼ΪӰʯ͹Ӧʵ
ԶĪ˹ƣΣʱ̡
	194112ѮҺͰ͸޷ĪзӹűѩٻصĪ˹ƣ֮
ǵķѾռãǵİ칫ȻšĪзҪʱ
칫Ұ
	˿ķֹ˾ִ̫Īз
ΪǴ˿õķ䡣Щ俴ȫûʹùʰһɶ
ûļУҲûһƬֽƺ˸ص绰
ʹãķֹߺ;绰
	ֻʣǶʱǽסջ,Էޱߵ˹ܻͷӵ
ӽһӡ
	ÿȽӴңоұߵͨ칫ң
ķ䡣ߵͨĻңһųӡ׳˵
칫ңһҡǰһСƳķ䣬ˮ
úĪз˵ϢұҪ򵥵Ķ࣬Ϊˣ˹
ξίԱڿķֹסĪзн
Ҫʾʱȥļӱ˵øǨĪ˹֮󣬸
ǰȥķ൱ѿݶͰխСҾ߶Ǹǰľɻ
ǰЩסģڿķֹĻʹģԼɳżɶʱΪ
һ˷Ĳˡ
	ĸʮּӣɳǰβ۵ķѾʹǺ
ˡ
	ǣӵڱ˹Ī˹Ƶıȴûаַӡ˵
˵˹֣ҪΪҰȫסڿķֹ֮⣬Է
зͻϮ򱩶ʱԸԮξֳԱô˵ˡ
ǡ޷ֺͻ԰߽ڴռһǣҪ쵼˼ȫʱ
ڿķֹǱȴӵһɲܼල
һ㣬Լ齨һСӣרڴѰƯĸŮ͹Щ
жȫ˼ɣͣں޷Ů֮ǰҰȫƷ
ٺɫҪΪϳŹϣ
һƷԺͨŮ˻ȱдԺȣȻ
һ˴š
	ܺһ㲻ܳʱ䣬ƬϷǳϤġƵ
ڷżб۾ԡ۵ıŮǸҪŮ
˲ͬ⣬ǿ¡Ů˳ľᾯŮˣй©ܡ
˺ͼ˾ͻᱻ䵽ȥ
	ûκ˵Щ顣ֻڱǱǹ֮ǲſʼ̸
ۡ
	ⷽǸղؼҡҷһ¼д
ٶܺŮ֡
	˹󣬺³쵼Сסƶȡе
ΣաҪʱܳΪķֹǽıǵĽˣ
³ȡĵһ裬ξίԱǨķֹɽΪ
ǽ˸߼סլǣ쵼ֺܿǨ˳ȥõĸ߼סլƺ
ΪǡǨķֹļ
	˹ʱ쵼˵ס⡣ֻҪǻλķ
ڵķÿ˵ġĳ˹Ƕʧ裬ôĪ˹Ƶķӱʧ
ȥκ壬Ϊʧ쵼ȻᱻͶȻܿ졣ͬʱ
ļ˻ᱻ䵽ӼӪλԶſǾکע
	˹仯ʧλ쵼˲ٱǹУλ
ɽϵĸ߼סլʱһ룺ر֣׶õ
ĸ߼סլ¥λ쵼˶סְݵĻ
ҲذЩרŰȤζҪķӡ
	޲׼쵼סʷļ򵥻عˡ
	
	ϣż򽻵ʱ򣬱ǶҺܿμӵº
УʽԱֻ˹֡Īзͷϣ򡣵һ
ʹݵȴбǡÿ糿ȫĴ¥ʱҶ
װɫġˡӣϸñѹڶ
ͷϣѲӴʹݵԺӣֻмб۾ľƬż⡣һڲԵ
ҸżȻҴкѯ˻ϵһЩȻ
ǰھרһϷϣ˵˹ϲңӦ
øпԼǰ֮Ļлش˵ҷǳԼĿǰĹ
û
	ڿķֹϣλĴһ˹־У
ȻǷ룬ǱǡұʱʱҰȫԲ
ʳǣÿϯ϶׼һСྐྵ
һһСһΣһСҽ͵ߣ͸о
ƺ˻𡣱ЦˣҼҪȥҲòӣ
İ¡
	áÿ춼ҪһýѵĿ˵

	ÿζҪʣΪʲôôݡ
	ҵģһش𵽡ҵȻ˵ÿڿ
ķֹʳóԵС೦Ҳҵء
	֮ܶÿбڳҶеΪʱ˹
ְʾҡ֪̫ࡱ黹Ƿˡ
	ǵ1944죬Īз㱨ʢһݵ籨ίԱ
һţһ߼ϵļȻʵ
	1934ڲפ¹ݸЩʲô
	һŻʧ룬Īʲô⣿Īзҡ
ˣϻش
	ڲ¹ݣҿʼ룺ҵȷȥǶʱǻ
áĵΡοһ㾭عǵĻգ͵¹ݰǩ֤

	֪Īз˵ǣ̸ò
¹ݣμڣǳЩ£ҲǴŽȥ
˺šǶЩʲô
	뿴Ѿȥʮꡣڼ⵽ռ죬ʱйս
ϵĿļ˽⵽ƻʥĸñը٣Ʒ
ջ٣ǧĻ1934ӹҵĳдĶ
ڳһΣյ֤
	ȥҵһѡǰǡá˾Ҿ
һſתݹȻǾйزŵƼ
żȻڽȥһᣬĻ죬˸
̣˱¹ơƣЩˡ
	ĪзĿ΢Щ˵
	ҽĽ͡ΪǱ˹ͬ־ȥݵ
¡ˡ
	ƺˡΪȫܱΪʥة˹ְ칫ҵġ
׷˼ڻ̾Сפڿǲ
˹רҡǰͳصĹҰȫȱȸ
Ƚ˹ĸסʱǿȡϡĻƺϲȽ˹
߷ҡ
	ȻĪз̸ûк1944ʤн
ġʱѾסĪ˹άǽֵһ1944괺죬ҵĶ
лǳ֮ǰֵġǷǳ˵ҵ˱ķԼŷǳҪ
Ϊ˹Ĺ1945ǾڼѺͬ
ǳ֡賿ɢȥ
	Ԫ1գίԱ鴦ֵǰ͸Ҽֱȥ˿ķ
ֹҵϢ÷䣬ȥϹһᣬлѩ
˯ˡԪ2յ賿Լ㣬绰ˡĪзȥ
ķֹҺɽ˳֮鴦ڳ
ܿ췢е˶һ벻ͨ
ίԱǿзԺԼ׳칫ҡһжЩ졣
ڻǳʽض˵
	ʲƷͬ־ά˹׹άڵ
	֪ΪʲôЩһҸеİһųͼ
ӵĽӴңίԱİ칫ңƺڹȥҲÿ

	Īз򣬾1940ҵһοһͷļһյ
ɫ̨ơ	ͣм䣬޴롣
	Īз̧ͷҡ˳Ĭ
	߽Щ
	д̨Եϣϰ£ʲôѾ
ˡ
ûиĸϢɣĪзʵ
	4311ȥ֮㱨Ƕûҵǡܣ
˻߱ɴϵ¹ȥˣ˶ġҲûκ
Ϣ
	ǱΪԸȥ
	֤𣿡
	Լ鱨Աı֤ݡ˹ֵݽһݱ棬
ᵽ벨¹ݵĽӴϵ㸸ĸʧ٣Ϊµ
Ҫһĵ顣ˣ㲻ʼĿǰĹ
	Īзͣһ£ؿҡƺסˡǵġһ
顱ζʲôסҲ˵Ǳ˹ֵĺ
Դǰ̣ҵǰȫˡͻȻеĮȻһ
鷢ˣŬȡҲǺġ
	ʱĪз˵
	Ҹ˹ͬ־顣ҲΪĿǰܼ
߲㡯ߡϽļͱչԿ׽
зͰ͸ûо֮ǰڼټ
	ˡҾУ˳еش˱չȡ
еļУһ嵥 ҸзͰ͸ǩ֣
ûиһӾʧˡ
	һڷڵϣŬ˼
Լ⽻ίԱʽµʽ£ñյĸ߶ñȻ
ڡ
	ڿķֹ˹˹ſڣֵھùɫСʹ
ͨκһŽķֹͬѰؿ˺ܳʱ䣬Ȼ˵
	ҷջ֤ͨ
	仰ƺԶ׵عͨȥĴš
	һδ˺쳡ϣȻڳĿĵߡҲϻ
ҡλһڿտĴ˼Сʱϰ֮ҲŻ
л˯ţķڳæҲܴÿ죬Ҷȥڳ
μСʱܣûκϢǰõͬºࡰѡһ
ضˡҹҵ- ΪŵҪС顱
	գԪ17գ绰ˡȥս빤˽׼־༭
һҸ־ཻжʱĪзʵϵܱ
иΪί׼ϣ£༭תͰʽ޸ġҲ
Ϥܱз򡤰Īά桤аݷ־ʵʹ
	ǳеӭңԼ칫Сǰ
	˵ǸոյίԱǴ˹ͬ־ǩľĳ
˵ٵ⽻ίԱְתս빤˽׼
־ʵϣҴǰѾ֪ȵʽļȻ

	Ҹлз򡤰Īάҵ˵Ȼûо飬
ԼŬɽԼ
	аݷ˵
	ά˹׹άתһЩ뷨˽³
ϾҪ̸⽻ίԱĹҪ̸鴦Ĺݡ
ǳ򵥣ίԱṤˡҪǰ򹫽
κνӴҪ£ʹñ
	ˣĪзЩҸ棬ΪⱴǵȺӦþ
ۣҵֲܳڴýϣٴǸûġ顱

	̸̸ڱ༭Ĺаݷ˵Ѿ
ǵ־ҪӢĺ͵İ棬Īзһʼȸ汾Ĺ
Σ
	õģƺȽϽӽҵǳмؽ顣
	룬ҪߵݡȻҪñаݷ
ǵ̸
	ؼҵ·ϣĪзʾл⡣ˡ
ǩԼַǳסB.M.дά˹Ī
з򩤩ͬһʾB.M.˼ǡ̡ǹУһ֡
֮ǰĪзĸѾˣίԱԺﱻǹУ
ܲ˿̣¬ĵݾȥĪзûбǡ
֪ΪʲôһΪҵδָʾ˹
̸ˣת־ľС䡱˵ǩ֡Ȼһ㵲ס
˱ǵġ顱˹ȥͱǱǹ֮Ѿȥʮʱ
ǴδйӴĪзңȥϡɿıǡ
ЩҲһ˿

7-2Īз򱻲ӲȻţ

	׹ά桤˹սڼ䵣פӢʹȥ
֮ǰãһ档һֱסλĪ˹ƽĪʿĿ
ѧԺ
	һů͵ȥġסķλڻ԰԰
̳ʻ续õʢֻлмȥ۷䷢΢
ԶһŸ߸ߵ֦ľߵΧļž
	˹ϵһĴ󿪱飬ϸ
һɫ޵ո̺ԱֹͲˮ˹Լ
ְѲ㵽ɲ豭УѹŵС
	ͨǵ̸ǴӻңԶսʼġ˹
վʶǣ194112ѮͬӢలᡤǵĪ˹
ơǴոɵ˹ˣȻٻ˻ֱĿĵءǰý
Ī˹սУҾ״δȫʤ׶ΧȻϣյġ𶯶ӡ
ڻǺ˹ɫƤ£ë׵ñӡĶ
䣬Ǵ׶س֮ǰ׼ͷպʺϡӴ˺Ҹ˹Ī
˹Ƴ棬𼪶ã1943ⳤĪ˹ƻڼ䣬Լ˺
˹صĪ˹˸ⳤ֮󡣵뿪⽻˹
¬￨
	ʵֲ̫ˣ׹ά΢ľл
ҡ̱޳ҡҪҳһֱΪֹ
ջˣ˵͵Ӣʱ룬ǹУ
Ұұһֱ¬ĵҡʴδϡҴкܿ
ˣﲻ¹ұˣ׼ɵĪз򡭡
	1940ףĪзĵλѾȡά˹ⳤְ
ĪзҲѾϹҵ๤ʹ
ĸŮŮ˵ɫеļɫеĽ
֮ɫפĪ˹ƴʹǸߴ벨ѧͬ
ѧĪ˹ƼʱˡǾ߶ܶʱ䶼һ
ʹñ˵˹֣ƲΪ̫ӹ
ĪзȻξίԱİȴͶ¬ĵҡݳƣ
Īз˹֣Ϊʲôȣõȴһ뿪Ц
ش
	һ֪ά˹ҵȫˡ
	ȷ˹ֵĵһ˹͵ڶӰ¬Ү޼е
ݣҪôΣҪôѱǹСȫܵЦĪз
Ϊ𡣺οǵϯ͡ˡҪ˹бӶ
ΡĪз˵һڿķֹ˱ǣ߽
˵
	Ȼš
	ĪзܹϢʵԣΪİ޾ڱǵ
Īз򻹻𣬾˹ָո󣬱ǿͿؽ˻
ǶôҸʱ˹Ҳη˱ǵİ칫ҡ
Ϸһˮһƿ³ѾƺͼֻƱǵʱ
	׹ά棬˵Լ
ЩʲôѽôأǺ˵˵
	˹ԵʱѾı仯һ֪϶˹ܹܵ
һƻȦס룬˵ԼĻһᰤġ
	л͸ά棬Ӣļңġ

	˵Щɵˣ׹ά棬ʲô
ݡѾŪˡ߻õͷڿֱ
ؼˡ
	˹ԼĶ䡣ҵ׷ʲô£ڿ
ϾͻῪʼЦ
	һ߽칫ң˽η֮ǰߵ·Ʒǰ

	ǽ˹ýһ·
	ˣ˹˵ԭ°ɣ
Ǹᡣڵһ͡ԾٷԸһ䡣
	˹ͱǱ֮ǰζݵʱǽԼ
ҷߣָԼְȨԽȨпԴ˷ΪԼæ
ǹίԱ鲿ŵĸ֡
	ǣʱΪ조ĪзӢ񰸡˹Ͳȴ
õġ˹ıֵУԼһ龰

	Īзƺ1942괺׶غͻʢ֮ڼ䱻Ӣļʱ
͸ķ롣һĻмȫ١ǳʱװ
Զ̺ըȷɵոȻ󻻳ҹרп쳵Ӹ˹絽׶ءΪ
˰ȫŵĴΪʹšᡤڻӭ
ǣҲ˵ִӢ׶Īзһһڸ߼
˲רõĿ֮⣬з;ĵԷ
	ҹǴԼķĪзĳᡣίԱ
ſˣǶ˽ȥ
	ʱǹһϸ涨κˣξίԱ
һ֤ˡڳ˽̸С֤֡ˡһ
ɷΡǣʱĪзȴǼ䷭뵥˽һСʱ̸
Щʲôֻǡͨʱеĳ˼¼ĳ
ʱ̣ӦıһֱڱǵļСڣΪ֤ݡڵ
ҹļĪзʹ߳ΪӢмֵĵԱǵҹ
ҹп쳵еǳ̸ġʡԽΪĪзΥ˹
йز˵ദϸ涨
	Īзһֱǹҵĵڶڲкܸߵ
Ȼ˹ѾԼΧ˵£Ȼ
ҪۡĪзȻĳ壬Ȼ߱ȫ˵
Ϊ˵Ҳڼԣ꣬˹һ
ĪзšȫϣԼСΧڣ̸Īз
󡱣̸ûжס۹ѹͶȵȡͬʱ
𲽽Īзƣųξ֡ΪĴ- 
ǰս񹫵Уһжƺ׼ˡȻ˹ֹ֮ס
δ
	ļ꣬ӵĪзһֱסĪ˹ƽɷ򿨵ı
Լ˵ȦһؾƣΪ˹ͬ־ǬΪǬ
ΪǬʵôά˹׹ά
ѵ˹ִ˲ȣҲ㺦𣿡Ļشһ
˹Ǹΰˡ

7-4˹֮

	һˣʱ˭Ҳ֪˹ֵıС෴Ϊ
ҹȻǻۡڹ˵ĸΪʲôҪ
ǽ񣬾ǰܹ߹Ǿ޴Ҹ
һõ֮κ˶Լ޷𡣶˵ܹÿ
ʣߵΣʹҳԺк;޴θСŬΨ
һĿľ⡣΢ЦǷԣҸ׵£û
а鵽˹ϣǹᵽߵĻˡΪ˹Լ
ƪʤͷԡͼֹǿƼ廯ڼ޷졣ԥ
Щƻ巨ơˡǸǺĹΪԼ
ԴҡҲسͷЩԤľ
֮ˡ
	ǧ˵ʱҲġ˵żȻңǧһ
ѡڡ䡱߹
	սʱҾٵ˹Ƕѹˡ
ʶ֮УʧЩŽǣǿ˶
ҵҳϡǶΪǸΧǵ˺ƻӵ
ˡ40ĩһִ˾ûɣ⡣˭Ҳ
ԸŻµĵˡΪǴӮⳡսͦסˡϣӴս
ܹô˭ҽƻЩƻѾû
ˡ
	ʱˣҲңز˻ɡƺʲô鲻ͷ
ƺҪɱˣȻ˹ - ǴԪ˧˾
䡱ڳɾͺĶ塣
	˹֮ҸܵʮּѡΪҶԣǹ쵼
ʵѧսǰսڼսеһС
ֱӽӴ֮һߣ˵ÿʣŬ
˼ͬȫ̸֡ų֮û
иеѹҹȫܵ޿ֲʧȣʲô
ԼûܹӮҲûģȻ֪¶̬
صˣԼˡԼĶӸӲй֮顣Ǵ
ҶԼĹ¶ţǸ˰񣬾񱦹
һԶҵļСĪʹܹ
߹ʱǡһ˲䡣
	չʮصشЩ³ġܱ
֮ҲԸһСǣһϸڣ˹
ѹܺëȻļ֤ҾԼǸѾƵż
ƭˡ
	ĶʮѾܹȽƽѵؽܣˣȫ
ȫһƭֺʹƻܺߡɵĴǸ޷ʵ
ֵĻ룬񻯵Ķ󹼸ǵΡҿʼսʱ֤
ʱҶԼľֿ͹ۣĸԣϸ
ʵ
	ڣµһ¶˹ֱеķ糱ʱ
ҹҶµвϱ¶ʱΪǴ
ʹ˹ʱѪ¼ʱ͹۵ؽҲͬҪ
	ҵĹ۲죬ԶǱһ˶ŮŲ̬θڡܿŵĵ
һνְҲԭ򡣶ս֮Īзһ
ԱŮΣ˹ûбԼšܿŵܵ˵ڵĴ
ұ⽻ίְ
	ǣƹԱһһû̫ͣ
õߵίϯλáãֿʼµǨһ÷
ʲֵܾľֳܿŵΪԼĵһ֡ʾֲ
սҹõӴսʣʵϹڶŷҽе
֯١Ƕı͹Ϊ߹ٺ͸߼½˻ȷֽ
ɿ飬Ī˹ƽװܡǸǲڻ£һ
ЩеĻװ˻ġսĳЩ޲׼Աֵ֮ν
ղƷԴͷʲֵжΪսŷҵĺֱ䲥
ӡ
	ǣʲֲǽܿŵ;ϵһݡ
	˹󲻾ãΪ³ǿ˸񲪵ϯ1953ģ
ͱǼŵԱһ𱻲Ҳιܿŵ÷һ
ر·ͥǣд̡ͬ12£оִС
	ܽеģԣֱĿǰΪֹҲ֪
ָصϸںʵݡ˵ܿŵƺձǵ齨
ǹ֡С飬ǲĪ˹μӱ׼䡣³
Ļ¼д
ʮ֮ǰѾγһӡ󣬼һ˹ȥ뾡
ʹڵռҪλã򵳻군Ϊܻᵼ¸
ɥʧὫҵķչת壬ʱĵ·ȥ
	Ǳ֮󣬴˵ɢũׯũı
ƺָ޳гãʱ幫˾ʹ˾
պײԶ÷СıǣرչУʱʼһ
Ļذ֣ڡ˹ɽ޽ʩЩ˵Ϊ
ʹպɡȵ˹߼ά䡰Ԥۡ
ʱڽʷͶĳڵԱܻίԱйء
ż˵ͼվµ˹ʵֹϵ
ȥʹ
	ʱ1953꣬һбɿµııСŵĳԱǹ
ӦáȻ1955µǩ˹Э涨аվȫ
ͬһ꣬³ȥУ˵˹˹
ϹϵǴġ
	֮ܶ˵жıָе⣬ȫһ
Ρƺǣʮ֮ǰлؽũãҲȫп
ܽһ⩤ʳ⡣Ǹ쵼ҹ·ŵ
ĺ³򣬲ũ˹ʱڶŵ΢ļҲ

	ȻǸѪĹ֣˶ĵıŰ֮ͽǿ鷸
ǣ˽ģ쵼˵ͬմ޹ߵѪڱ
֮ǰǸҶԼǧĹ֡Ǻԥǹ
޹ȺڣڼͼӪŰĿĥ˹ѹڼϰ
ܺߡԣӦýǰĲϳ׹˽⣬ǷйȨ
ϲ㶷мйعҷչ·ԭԷ硣(򱾿[ƪ
ӵ鲻أ߼)
