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    ɽձ˵һ⣬ΨһȺþǶ飬һ첻飬
鲻顱 ҽԺѧҵ
ڵ£æĴʱڣҲ飬˵
һǸܴ֮ʣҪ顣Ϊһ
ʱһߡ

    1895һξձɽٵձ1516Σܼձʱ
10ꡣձ־ʿķ˹ӡУɽǸĬԵˣÿ
һпϾǿ顣һΣڹס10죬Ǽҵȫ鶼һ
飬˵ҶϲлҪװһߡ˻
˵1905죬ɽձȥ͹棬ÿεǼп
ҲǴƤó鵱Ӣ飬Ρõģ
ҲѧġΪˣһΣǼϿ飬ʤľ
˵йĸ䣬̸ʱ鿴񣬵oӦ
˼۾û뿪顣ʤľΪˣõطԴ˵ʲô
˵Ǹܣôˣ

    1901꣬չ־ͨѶԱձɽ323շһ
ƪ˵ʱסСľӢġĵ鼮Ϳ漰Ρá
ʷµȷ档رע⵽Ӣĵľѧ

    л֮ǰ16Уɽε㼣鼰ǡ¼
¡̩ԽϵȵأĻҪ֧¼£
ͬ˻ᡢεطֻḱ᳤Ļ䣬ɽƽʱȽϳĬԣ¶
ֹ۵̬ȣϲ飬ʱϣһŻԭɽϲ
飬ǵʷáΡѧйżɽйͼأʱ
ָʡҪλáڸ½֯й鼮ͼȣǮߣҲ
һҪ¿Ա.ÿһҪֽһƤ
鼮ڷţ룬.ǶҲԼϰߣȶר磬Ȼ˳
ҷֽţȻ۵ãӣͬʱжݱֽҲˡ

    ֵĻУɽϲС˵ţûڶ飬Ҳ
Ⱥͼڹͼżѣ˿ûȺãû
裬Ҳδʫ衣;įдĳ飬oһ塣Щ
䣬ʹǿ֪ɽƫãԴʽĶûȤĶҲ
ǿҵʵػڡ1897빬̸ʱ˵ԼΪʫ޷
Ҳ

    ɽɢŶ飬ö˶ҿú档Դ
йһ˵Ϊһ˶飬Ϊ˵ǰ;Ϊһҵ
鲻棬ɰܵʧo˻һҡȻһ֮أ
Լ鲻棬һ㣬ͲǵĵҲˡ
Ⱥ飬ѧȻѧһЩƫŵ鶼漰 Ԫ
飬ʹƽѧǳ㲩Ρáᡢҵ
ɸ鼮޾룬ɾʲôΪרش˵νרԪ
ʣôξǺѧأش𣺡˸֮ѧʡһѧ
Ҹ֪ʶģҶΪоԭϣҵĸѧ.


Ŀʶ͡

    20ͳɽŷ޶ԱйѧμӸʱһеģһ
ζɽױݵĴʲݸ壬סЦˣʣش˵Ϊ
˵ĿʶҼĴʼ֪֮Ȼ˵Ҳ

    ˳ɻҲɽʶ֡λ׷ɽĹԪ
䣬1901ѧձʱ»ꡢťԼһȥɽͬ
ʱ룬ȥοģĲǸӢۡʲôͷ
Ծ˵ȥɣҪҰ԰ȥȵǼĵòǷ
﹩Ĵүүΰť˵ŪˣһĶŵʿ
ĴǶ㡢һǲȥֱ1905Ĵ죬Ӣ
׶ס꣬ţԳơɡºͶǳԾ.ʶ
ɽĹʱɻΪп˵ģΪǿƵ
ˣǾˣʶ֡ʶԺ󣬲ֲ֪;

    186611³ڹ㶫ʡɽشɽҾƶ7꿪ʼڱ˼ҵ˽
9꿪ʼӶ飬Ӵ徭13Զ̴ɽڵصѧУͶ
5ʽصʱʱľжòˣ
˵̴ɽʶġȻ޿ţҲǺ޸֮˵Ӣȷ
ʵҪáۡѧ.1883۰ңڶת
Ժ1886תݲҽԺϻҽѧѧҽڿʱ俪ʼ
йʷĻȤԼãһ״ͷĶʮʷѧУ
ͼҷһӢյ飬ԺеӢ뱾עҪע͸
ףͰⱾж϶ͨ顣1916715
գϺԹ㶫Աݽʱ˵Լ徭ľ봫ͳĶ˲ͬ
Чѧڳ徭ߣԺ롣ĸΣ֪ʷ
ʷ֣ͨȡ֮徭ʷ֮Ȼͨӡ

    СɽйԴѧʷ˵ģǸʱй˼
ȶӡ飬ȻŽӴġܶѧ˵ɽߵ·෴
13һγ֮桢׺֮Ӵ˾СĽѧ֮ģ֮롱
УҲᵽԼϤ֡ף֮ѧ
ѧ֮ڡǿ֮֮桱ġɣѧӰ
Ҫ󡣶й飬ҲİһסʮʷҲ
ͨڲȨܷ˵ȨȨʱ˵Ҷͨȸ
ʷ飬йǧȻ֮ȨΪŷ֪ʹ֪Ҳʵߣ
йʷ֮ȨҲ

    ɽ֪ʶṹУͳ伮ҪģרҵҽҽԺ
ѧһʱ⣬ҽѧרҵ飬ͬѧؾ䣬ƽʱǳڷܣ
ҹﳣ𴲵ƶ飬ʷԴȶʱģﾺ
桱ĵĽ۴ɽ.ɽϺʾӵĲ
Ŀ¼бĴ֣һ1892׶سġ˹ġ
һǺ׷䷭ġԴ꣬ݽлʱἰġ
192312£ڹϴѧںѧҪ־¶ʱо˴
ĵӣΪĵĹ͡ʵ۵ĹͻҪЩǰиӢ˽
ģʼרϺС档һжϸƲ⣬Ƴ
ĵ

    ʱڷԸ־ƷˡũѧҲŨȤ
ҪũɣҪũȫ顷ЩŴũ飬Ҳũҵ
ũũҵߡũҵеԼũҵйصѧƶ.дһƪ
ũ1895ڹݳԸʱһСС塰ũѧᡱΪ
ڻµҲԿũҵԼص˼
ũѧᡱϣ޷ũɣ飬֮ȣѧãũʦ
ÿѧصųר飬ũֲȵȡ


Ͷ

    ĸУɽεʧܺʹۣʼ
ûз׷Ҳûз飬Ǹʧܵļ϶ʹ˰Ķ
ᡣһмԼеĶʱ䶼ˡ

    һǴ189610µ18977£ɽ׶ڼ10µ顣1895
ڹƻ½𩶫ѳѺձٵ׶أ͢
פӢʹݾнҵҽԺѧʱʦ豼ߣŵԻͣǺ䶯һʱ
ġ׶ر¼Ϊĵ.˺׶ؾڼ䣬Ҫ
棬䣬ķΧܹ㷺Ρ⽻ɡáµ촬
ɿũҵĿҵĲ飬ԼҲ˺
飬ͳƹɽϺʾӲĿ¼1897ǰ106֣Ҳ
ʱڱ顣

    ӣɽȥĻ׶صĴӢݵͼݣһΪ
Ķ߿͢פӢʹݹӶ˾̽ṩ̽ʹݻͺ
ʱ䶼ڴӢݵȹģҲ˼ڶдǸң
1896123յ1897624գȥ68Ρ̽ɽ㼣
189612511㣬ɽȥʾַҺţȥѡ飬ٳ˳
Ӣݣ1Сʱ20ӡ18974910룬ɽӢݣ
2ȥͣȻٻصͼݣ7뿪.418յ̽дúϸ
дʱΪֹжйɣÿ쵽Ӣͼݡʡ
46šʾ֡ڴӢͼݣǽңͣСʱż
ȻΪҪЩģ뿪ֽ˾֮ʱԻشӢͼ.

    ׶ΣɽܾܿͶ˼飬ѧ˵˼ξѧ
һ˽⣬ر˽ϴӰǺεѧ˵ƶ
1879꣬Ҫ۵Ƿ˽¢أعУѵΪϽɹҵĸ˰
ɽֵһ˰۲ǿȤġƽȨ嶼к
εӰӡɽĲһεó׻óס
1890׶سġ

    19138µ19164£ҲɽԬġθʧܺٶձ
ʱڣⲻ3ʱ⣬ڶԼеĶʱڡ̨嵽ձ񻧣
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ɹʱǲŷԭװȫ顣ִﶫĵһ죬һ¾
鱾ԣ¾̽µıоļأĶ鼮
쳣˺󣬡ն顱ΪرƵʺܸߵĴʻ㡣

    мʽɽĵط1914һ꣬ʹ
70飬鼮ѷġɡġεΣ
աޱѷġ˵ľ񡷵ȣʱǵһսǰϦԵ¹ŷε
Ϊע228һ7йص顣ȻĶΣ
ѧ飬ɡظɭוּؽܰظɭѧ顣ʾӲ
л屾Ϊ־ͱ硷

    19155յһ߽Ӣţһ150ͼķ嵥
嵥Ͽ֪1915һ껹Ҫ࣬1µ8¾76飬Ρá
ȻѧĶУвٹڿ飬нװη飬顣
ձ¾̽ر˵191511¡12£궼ʰĸɽ

    Ԫ䣬ձʱһ״ͷġĴϵйġĲҪ
޺ܹ㣬ɽȻòԣһףÿĶձ¾̽
ر֤ʵ1914618գɽ˸ɽĴϵ18ᡣ

    μϳŵʱڣйͷĽ׶Ρں
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ڡ4λô͸Ϻʾӣ¥ĶҺͲңһ
λάҮ򡪲׻䣺ڼ컨Ĳ顣鱳
ϵʹ֪ȫ鼮֡ţ۾Ҳҵκһ顣 
׶Σһ׫дѧ˵ʵҵƻҪĶο飬㷺
ϡмװ飨һЩйŴ췽飩Ҳоɰ
飬³飬ӢӶࡣ19187дƵἰϺ
ձ궨ϰ飬û˵

    ѧ˵ἰѧ˵鼮мʮ.ΪдʵҵƻοӢ
鼮Ǿ÷ľжʮ֣ѧҵЪѧ
ԭ˹ξѧķΧ뷽ȣйҵСҡŴģ
гй滮ˮ½ͨģҲййۿڵȷרϡ


鼮ǵһƲ

    1923һҹ̵ļ϶㶫صһϣ°׷壬ɽ
ߵĹԱ̸죬Ʋ飬ְ飬ǰ
鼮ȻǶ࣬Ƕ˵鼮ǲǶ浽أһ˶֣
˶ٱأɽش𣺡ҼʮΪ飬޶ÿ
֮͸ȥˡڶ˵鼮ĿҲǲˡ
˵Ҹʧܵʱÿ鼮45ǧԪڸæ
ʱ鼮ѱ㲻࣬ŵo23ǧԪĳԣ¿˵
1908꣬׶ʱ÷Ѹסѣѧǲͬѧļ
3040Ӣȼ˼죬ȥʱȴЩǮȫ顣

    ɽﴫǣġ֡ºĬµȿѧҡڽ֪Ĵ
ǣë桢ءʢ١ֿϡ¶ࡣ˹˹ѷɶ
ѷμҡ¼ҵĴǣë桢ء˹Ϊкܸߵۣղص
شͬ汾ŴʧܵУľҲ
ٵİο

    ɽǸμң顢飬ȴ־ˡԺö鲻⣬
Ҳ飬߽˵ĽٽһΣһ͹ȥһ͹񳴳
һôܹнأĴйһۣǶȥ
ӽ飬ɽͦڶ飬Ҫıȡ֮Ҫı
֮飬ʹ顣һ鼮붼ɢʧˣ
ϺʾӱĴʮ飬ҲǺԺΪ
1932֣1025ǰģ5230ᣬ漰ŽѧΡ¡ɡ
áʷƼҽѧġﴫǵȣаٿȫ顢ʮ.
ѧʱûУʱҲбġ

    ֱ1925ڱѲڴϣĶйؾס飨ʱ޶
塱Ľ壬漰ʳסУ311գ֮ʣڼн鼮Ϊ
ԼµҪƲྡ£μҲ֮鼮סլȣһо
䣬Ϊ

