һͬת




Ӻ˶

    оһͬת䣬бҪ˶˵˶ڣ
ͣĶ죬ʱࣱĺ˶ʮࡣҪ۵
һʮеͬת䡣

    ֪˶˶жֺܶԵ¡統 廪
гĵһ֯µԣǱɫȨë
ϯǵĿɽȫ岻ݴǵΣë˼һжָ
ʾģΪ룬ΪΰëϯǼһѪ

    Ե֣ĸ췴֯˺ܶࡣ˵ĸ
£ǳԲԣܵ˵Ȼ԰֣ һ
ڵʱͬʶıʱ췴ɣȻԶдòɿ
ͬʶǻһµġ廪кԾͱͬʶ
ٿһӣһëϯ·ߺ֯ĳԣڣ
꣱£յġϣĺˮŭ𵴷׼޲
׼Ļĺɫ籩Ѹ쳣ëʱĺɫ췴ɱ졣һźɫ
ŵ˸ һ췴ĺ𣡡ëϯ·ߺٵ
ˣǵսǣëϯëϯΪ׵ĵ룡
ëϯʵĺСǵÿһѪܡÿһϸ͸ŶëϯȰ
ҳϡ޳ݡ޾

    ԣ廪кԲࡣԣ˶ͳμŵ
ʶ̬Ȩǿͬ˺Щͬ ľģ
Ĩɱңʹҵʶμʶ档

    ʱڵĻͺʱڵĻգԷԵı仯ʱͬ
˺ֱܶﶼ俯֡ЩҲƵķǡ
̳ķµĳ960ƽй̨ʡ⣬ڻûһ
ŷǹٷּֽ̳Ϊҹõξ棬һ
΢Ž᲻һ̶ˮ ǲ񽲻ǲ滰
ҽκۻûв֮أ־Ȼˣ


    ɡġʡ˵ЩѽԺǿʼɾ۹
ȥعǵ··ĺܴһϳѪõ۹ȥհδ
δȴǰչһãϿʵѾʹˡϳ֮
⻹֮ܿѵˣҲҹ ţЩ߻ȥ
нš

    Щһ̶ȻûʱͱֳʹУʹ
Եı仯Ǳëϯ룬Ҫǵ
ɣᳫͷƽ衣ʱڵһЩƷ͸¶ãɻ󡣡ɡ
ʣ˺ʱֽȫ롣⣬ʱڱȽӰ
Ʒ籱ʫ衢κ۵ £ϣ뷨Ƶ£
ȷ˶רεĻɺͶ뷨ƵУʼ϶
ļֵѧƷǶҡԡСȵȣǿҵı
귢ڡ졷ϵƷڴࡣġش𡱱ֻɣ
̣

    ߹㳡
    Դ
    Ϊ˸õѰ̫
    ȴڷļ
    ת򣬸դ
    ЩĮɽ
    ֱμƵ
    ֽϿ롭
    
    ˳Ƿ俯һʫ衱֮Ĺľӣ
    
    ˭֪
    ̫
    ߵ
    żֻ
    ȥѰ
    ڰ·
    
    һŴ
    ͷŵ
    Ǻ
    ǲμһϷ
    һл¿ʼ

    ׸ʱ裬Ժһ̫׷󣬸˼죬ͬʱ
ˡ¿ʼϣʵ֡¿ʼں˶ڼֶǡ
ʱڣֵΪ쾡¡

    Ǿ˱Ҫش⡣Ӻʱڵ˶ʲ ôԭ
˺һͬת䣿ĵĿľҪֱ仯ǰڷϣ
ĲػоʽĻͷţ׷ĵ
ô롣磬ĳԭǺ췴ɣ˵ûоͬת䡣ӻķ
ȿⲻ⡣һӺ˶˶һ׻׻
رһ˵ͬת䡣


һͬ

    ѧϵĴͬʷγɵģѧϵĴ
ͬΪͬʷһ˵˼˹ͬӡڶҺʶϱ
ֳͬǳ֮Ϊʶ˵ִִͬͬĲ
oִᣬнͨͱý壬ɢ˿ڼʱϢʹܹ
ͬ񡣴һ㿴Ҳһһ֡Ĺͬ塱Imagined  
communityĹͬ壬 вǻع˶ʮͣ
ǳ̸ģһսһһԼϤġġ
һʱγɵġʶƺǿҡйߡʮ
ǣԼ㲻ĸƽ֮Ļӳȱ
ͬеĽǡ

    ĸһ֪һͺһָͬһһ˵ƺȽ
ȷЩ˵ľ꽨Ժɳһô ˵Ӱ
¼Ӧǣĺ˶ɽ磬ȻҲͬ
̵Ӱ죬Ǵʶγں˶бΪǿҡ

    һҪ쳣˵ġ족ʱֵúϸ֣Ϻ췴
ɡɡңɣйϵ۸ӵ֯ȵȡǰͳΪһ
Ĩɱʱ𣬶ǿǵĹͬǶйں
¡ͬĽμͬ˶ϵıڸһҪĹԡ
ǰϵһϷǾͿؿⳡϷȱһ治ɡ
һ桱ΪǶϿһЩġϷ򣬱Դ򵹵Ȩɣ
ܷëϯ͵롣

    ѧϵĴʶһּʶǳ֮ΪͬͬһʣǴӢ
ģԭûڵ ѧѧ
УͬһؼʡʵѧϵģӢҲǣ
Ժſʼձʹõġⷽ緢ϴӰǰɭE. H. Erikson
ڣͬΣɭĿʮ
ɧѧǶȷһǨӰ죬оʷ
˶ѣʧȥƽ⣬ңΪͬΣͬΣ
ϵС

    ͬݣϸ綨˵ҺͶʶʶ
ɱͳĵϵmoral  frameworksϵһͬҲ
˵¼ֵݡĳ˵ͬΣΪľޱ䣬ʶ
ϵ֮ìܡ£µͬʶĲͬʱζŶԭĵϵ
񶨣Լµĵ±׼̽϶

    ͬữϵĲĻͥȵȣͬγҪӰ졣
һ˵ǵΪӳǵͬʶ⣬ͬһɲģһ
ǱĬת䣬׾졣ʱͬΣͬ
ת䡣


һͬγ

    һͬγɣĸǰĸĽĸǰ˵
ʱڵĽȫλģѧУͥĸ䡣ļ͹
˽С顢Ӱȫ͸Ŀ͡޲
׼ĽӰˡݿɷΪ࣬ͳӰ˽ͽ׼
һĿΪ͹йģ񡷵ӢСѧ̿
ļֵоſ˸ͳͽ׼ݡо֣С
ѧĿα⣬ԳֵƵ㣬Ϊҳϣ
Խԣ ëϯΰ󣬣񵳵񣬣йõţ
ܹѹȣͻӣȰ񣬣Ȱĺ
ȵȡЩݾѧȨ쵼˵ͬԹ񵳺;
ĳޡ

    ʲôĽиЧ⡣ܵ˵ĸǰĸͳӰ˽
ͽ׼Чģͬݵһˡ һ
ľ£Ͷ˶ĸеġͳӰ˺ͽ׼
ΪʲôЧأҪĸԭ

    һǽʽͳ֮Ϳʼˣʽֶ
ѧУճ֮СȨ֮󣬶Ҫһ״񻰣
ȨĺϷԣӮȨϿɺͶȨļֵ۵ͬ
ԸͳĽ裬ڴࡣַΧܹ ѧУ̿ⷽݣ
ͯⷽҲָܶ࣬Ӣ۵Ĺ¡ʮ
Ľ裬ϽʵҲǶԸͳĽ衣Ӣۼһ
š⣬ʼʱԺͰ䲼Ըա˹涨
涨ҪףһͶڡڡڵȵȡȫԵĽգΪ̸
ͳʢ䡣ԺÿҪף͹ᣬй붼Ҫר·ļʲ
ô 쵼˵ͷ񣬺ʲôĿںţȷĹ涨ףģ
곣ԸͳĽӰ˵ĿųףУһ
ΰ׶ԽУΪȫۡڱˣĺ
ֱӰȫĺ˶뱱ѧλйϵ

    60ڣӰ˽ͽ׼ΪͻĻ⡣׼ؽ׼
׼·ߡӣй˽ʮȫᵽ귢ġ ˶
ᴩνĽ׼·ߣǿڵظҺʲ׼иٵΣգ
Ҫ׼꽲½콲׼Ӱ˽ǽһġ
Ϊ׼ļԣ޷޵ĽԣӰҲͳΪ̲ݻ񡣵o
ĸӰˣܱ⽭ɽɫ꿪ʼձ̷
ƪۣսνڵʱĿвԶӰ
죬ں ĺ¼УᵽӰ˵׼е
һƪġƪۻ˵۹ԤԼǸı仯Ҳ'ƽ
'ϣйĵߵĴϡһҪʹ۹ԤԳ
Ʋ

    ĸǰͳӰ˺ͽ׼֮Ч뵱ʱĹλʹȻ
ءһ棬йԺźϾĹʻ .̨Ľʯ
֣׼½ڶ״̬ӡϵţչϵѣ
Ԯרңйƺ裬Ԯֹ£ֹƽݱ䡢
ޣԵøȡһ棬ĹʻͳͽӰ˽Ļ
ʵĻʱĹۣᵽġһֻй
ĳɹʱᱻͣĵʱ̶ڶԸȨе߸£
ͳ Ӱ˽͸˽ԣУصʷʹС

    йĻΧĽǳ˵һй
ں¡й͡¡ĻΧһ˵ĳɳҪ
һʱϲη棬Ȩһֱϣ߷ҺʹԾش
󡣵ĻΧϳֹȡľ伫˵ı֣һ
ԵõζȻԭҲ Ϊĳɷݡ󷲸ʤ֮Ȩ
֮Ϊʤϲãһֵʱڣһλʵ¡ΪҲܶࡣ
磱ϳӢĿںţʹŲõĽҪʵ֡
գǴӵʱĵӰƷжܸоַΧгɳ꣬
һ֮ӵʶΪԼʱĳʷΣ׼Լ˫
컻أﹲı˰һǻ徫 ̤ĸ
ġ


ͬתĹ

    һͬת䣬𲽷ģҲ״תḶ́
˵ʼĳһʱ̣Ӧ˵°꣬˶߳ʱڣҲǺ
ͬתĿʼб֤ĳɷݣӦＫطϻͬתı֣
ͬΣڶԭͬĻɺĵɻɡ˼
ʽķѺͶµͬıͬתȫ̡

    ˶ǺһͬתĿʼתĹ̿˶Ҫã
˵ͬΣͬΣһΪĵìܡʣ
ıΪ˺ͷѡ˶ڣζķѧ˺ܶ˼
ңĵĳ»ʵġռǡĵ
ءµʱǱѧϵѧռж ĸ̣ϸ¼ҽһ
ӡݳ¼أԪ˵ĴֱڱԺУܵ㷺УΪ
ǡ¼£㲥̨㲥ˡձۡ
һŴֱ¼£㲥ڿϣʼûлع
Ϊѧϵѧѧôë˼룬ʶˮƽʶôȻ
˳̶ȣôԪĸֱؿ˷ֱ

    ìܵڵʱܶ࣬һһо١

    °꣬˶͡ʲ׼·ߡ½׶Ρ
ڼĴСֱϳˡˡѿڱ˷ֱӵ
Ĵֱϰ꣬޿˶Ѫͳ۵м˼ĳ֣һ
˼ᡣʡع⡰йδȥµĳ֣
ڳ˹ʲ ײ㣬˺ƵĽΪ̵ĻɺС
˶ʱڵͬת䣬ϰ꣬ԡʡΪ־
šҲ£˶ʼܵԽԽѹ䶷
ͬʱĸ￪ʼ˶Ѳع⡢޿ˡ³񰲵һ˼
ֱ̱ꣷµףë󶫵ԸԤӽפѧУ
˶սᡣ֮󣬴ѧҵɽ磬 ũ壬ʼһ
еһµ̡

    ˶ɽ翪ʼӴ˺һʼ֪ת䡣ת䣬
ɺһͬתһҪڡӺ˶ɽ磬ԣ
ͬԷ濴Ͷɽ˶еˣǱġм
һˣż飬߸̣ȻŸ컻صػ־ǰũ
µսҲ˵һ һǵũʼı
Լʶ

    ӺһͬתһǶȿɽ˶һҪ𡣺
˶ʱڣǼ˹˾˼ʱڣһ
˵֪˼ейʵӶڸķΧڣ
ҺµʶƵı仯ʵмˣ޵ĺ͵
ķ˼ˡµʶı ǶµͬʶıǴӵ
֪ĸʫ衢ֳźռǵУԿµͬʶ
硣˵һֶаʽĴĻʶľѡʶ
ݡһǶϿɺ׷ں˶ڼ䣬δ
£Ը׷Ϊʲ׼׷󣬵òĳϡڼ䣬ı
ʵ׷治ұҪһλ֪ ӵ
֧Ǹི֪ͷһ仰ǡΪԼˡΪ
ѧǣǼ𺳡һλ֪ǵܶũжã
׸òü'ũһӣ'УʹУȺ̤ѰԼ
ĵ·׺׶ġһУһλ̸˵ڶʵ
Ŀɥʧĵǰ£ʼע⵽''Ĵڵġ ǾӪԼأѧϰ
ֿѧĻ֪ʶ鼮ĺƺУǰ̣ƶĿʵԼļ
ֵӶֶǮӪ·ҵһõλá

    ھ棬ʶĵڶ棬ǴӺĸתԸ͸е
׷󡣵һʱġ֪֮衷˶Ըʶ
һθʣ

    裬ټ˼磬
    ɫѧʱഺʷһȥ
    δ ĵ·ôѣô
    ĽŲǳƫƧ硣

    Ͷ·Ժһ˵һµ򣬺
ڼĿ񻶻ûбС

    ʱ֪ʫ衢Ʒ顢顢롢˼硢ȣ
ЩҲǶԸеıµĻУһµĸֵۿʼں
һ

    ʶĵ棬Ƕйµʶʶܹ㷺ݡ
ƪ̸һ㣬ǾǶԡ񡱵ʶйٷеĹؼʡ
ҵơµ磬ë¼ġΪ񡱵Ʒ
Ļ޴ڡʲô˭񣬶ںһǸĸ
ںšoһԼΪеһԱʱǲſʼ
ںſʼ ͬǷ֣мʵûôĽ׼
ˡܿࡢȴͶаҲиָȱ㣬Ϊ
Ѫˡ֪ƷڼƷУµʶСݵһ
ʫũˡдũһ족ͱʶʫдһλ
ũ˵ͺβд

    ǣģˣԶȥˣûˣ
    ûл
    ɡũ񡱡֣
    ȴһڡ

    ǻֶµʶʱڶĺ˾ʵڵݣ
ǿնοںš


ͬתĶ

    ͬתĶ˵Ҫԭҳ֮Ϊ񻶡˾
ͻ䡣

    ˶ҪıʽǻĿ񻶡ֱǵأ 
ɵĴСӦ˶ʤйоģӣͿʼ
ĸӡϣѶﵽһһ棬
ķģһ̶ͻ˹ٷԴýĿơȻܶתع
ۣСҲǺܶڲϢСϢطϢѧУ͸֯
ϢоĸＰĸǰΡᡢĻıϣڵʱΪо
Ʒ ƷһԳ
Ѫȣظġַĵĸͬʱһĵ߸ԡֵĴ
һǼ˱ġһϸµıһ׻ȴ
ʹùٷͬʱְоĴֻ໰ö֮ӡⱾǶ԰Ȩһ
¡ΪʥĶһʥŪ࣬һֵ߸Ϊ
ַĵĻռ䣬߸ԵġˡҲõ˷Ļᡣ ˶ڼν
˺˼ǽֿռԷʹġ޿˵ս¡Ѫͳۡ
ѧĸﱨϷġռĲĸءĸﱾṩ
˴ڲл߸Ļᡣĸʮȷֱе˶ʽ
˸ʹֱṩ˺Ϸԡˡа˵͡ݡ
һֵ˼⡣ĸ󣬴ֱʽȻʧȥ˺ϷԣȻ
˶з ˺ܴãĸڼγɵȫԵĴֱĻйءǶ
ֱĻȱȫϵͳʶ

    ڶԭǲ˶ľһ˵жԲ߲Ӱ졣
ѧǣʮѧ˵Ĵо֣ѧ˵Ĳߣᷢת䣬
պУȽϹע⣬нǿβʶ˶Ĳ룬
ԺһáΪ˺˶ѧϵĺһ
ͳںһ˵УӢ۵󣬵սȥˣ޷
еӢ춯صҵ˶ʹںƽʱڵһ
лͶ˶ʵСҲǺ˶Ϊһ쮵ԭ֮һ֮
֣ᷢôʥʱڣܶлᵽ
Σһοʵейƶ鱾ϵ龰죬 ʹǿ
ʼʵ˼ҲʹмЩˣ߶ѧ۵鼮ѰϵĴ𰸡
ں˶ڼѾ֣磬һµĶ˶ͬʱ
磬һлڸ㷺ع۲й²һ
˵飬ٽͬת䡣ʶ֮鱾֪ʶҪ̵öࡣ

    ԭƵͻ䣬򡣷ΪƸϲ㶷ĸ
¶šʹһӻѹӴϲβôʥϲ
֮ͬ˶ʱڣëĸ˳ݴﵽ˶塣ë찲ż
ǧ˵ĺԺмӡϺ췴ɣë
޳ݣë󶫵㼣һµĸˣ꣬
ëȴǣũȥƶũٽԺܶ˵ǳصĴ
· ʫ裬¼ʧУͬʱҲ˳еϣ
ƪδʫ䣺

    ֩زҵ¯̨
    ҽ̾Ϣƶı
    ȻִƽʧĻҽ
    ѩд£δ

    ϲα䶯ԺһĴĪڷڣֱ
ֱǡͳ˧ëġսѡڣйŴ ʽΪ
ëĽӰˣôͻȻ˷ţδ죬ηǱӣɻʧˤɳĮ
Īķ̡зζǣΪֱУ·ļУ˵ֱ
`ɽǱ͸ġĻ֪дʹлȻ֮У
ϸһ룬ֱĻûеʱ֮з𶯿֪һƪ
дֱ¼Ƴһ˵ŷ˺ܴá˵Ȼ
'ߣһ ֮''ĸ'йٷνĹ˶ھѾ
ʼɲϵӣ񶨲ϵزֱ¼ʹһ뾭ѵĹ̡


һͬת

    ͬת䣬й㷺塣־ĸһЩӰ¼
ֱӻӵ˵ͬתйϵ⣬ͬת䣬Ըĸ￪ߵʵʩ
ҲҪãʵΪĸ￪ṩĻ

    ġ˶Ǳ־ĸʱҪ¼֮һ˶
ʵʣǶĸＫߵķѡ˶ģ꣬ɽëȥ
ȱץйѡָ߿ѾΪ֪ĺһˣл
Լ֪ʶȥѧ֪еĺܶ˶룬ũũ֮࣬
Ŭѧ׼һĵ죬Ҳo˼֪ࡣ
£궬죬 ֪Ϊ˷ǣڸ֯˿ϷûЩ
ͬʱ˶ཻȨƵġлʱ
»ӴԺֱ죬ȨȻйĸ˶˶
ĺĻͬʱ׻Ըĸڵķƽ輰ĸṩ˺Ϸԡ

    һͬת䣬ԾøĸĿչҲṩһ
ͬת䣬ҪڶԹٷʶ̬ͼֵ۵Ļ񶨣Ը Ͷ
͸Ҹ׷Ⲣ˵ԭǲƽģ棬
ڹٷĺ͹Ļĸǰĸڼ䣬ᴩ˶Ը˼νСҡķ񶨡
һ廰ĳ֣й;ش
Ӱ졣ĸڣ˭Ҫȥ¸幤̻Ҫܴܺѹ
Ļﲻ˽棬ѸıĻʱΪħ
桱 ĹҪиλǹӪλʱЩջسǵ
֪࣬һΪʽѣΪũΪıĥν
벻벻Լʶмܶˣѹ
Ϊĸ廧гߡ

    һͬת䣬ĸ˼Ļ˶ҲԶӰ졣ĸ
ѧĻ˶ݣǶ˵µͬʶı ʫʶС
˵Ѱѧ֪ѧȵȣᴩ˶Եµ̽һĸʱƷĸ
µ̽ͱĻΧӰ֮Զֱġųݵر
ġʱѧģӴ󴦽ΣΪԸԡɡ
Ҹ׷Լ޷ʵֿĽơӣġ֪֮衷
찲Ź㳡ϴ޽ġһСһֵ˼磬ǾǸҸ
˼ֱֵʮ гĺˮݵó͵ʱ򣬺һ
׹ȥ塣͸巺ĵʱ塢Žᡢ
飬ֳµļֵʮ֪໳˼µ˼ת۵ļб֡
˶ٵ֪໳ɣһ˵ͬṹıǨӰ죬
йǨһҪ

    ߣŦԼѧĲʿĵĲժҪʱο
йϡνױǴѧ


