    ֯ˡ󲮵ĸ밮

    Ұ

    1

    κһԣԼһЩʻǸеءǵoͨĳ
оһЩʷ·ؾرһʯƿ£ö
ееһĪʹ˼ʣһʱ
ҺȻſڽ޴롪ڴȻɻҵ18֮ʵظеʧʹ
еұһЩѹȵüںᡣ

    ƺĿĴ֮䡪һͷ˺͸ŵʻ㣬һ
ͷ֯Ͱִʻ㣬ǵıظԳһ΢ֻ
ص20ǰĶҹɽһªƽУ󲮼ٴ
ƻ°챴ҵĴŴָ˶ĸ˵
֮š

    ʱң˵ɫΪoҪԿͿ赲޳ĽŲԺ
֪󲮵֮ԼĿ֮ҷףڤڤƺĳ
֯ڰб֯ŸУͬȴֲ
һЩĪıԱؾ;ȥһЩʧ֮ҹ
ԼЩڰеЦ

    2

    һ󲮵־ʵǹżҵĳӡŵĸɽ㣬
ͬ㣬Ҵһֱ塣󲮵游ϸͳǺ
ļֽˡ游Ŷӣ󲮵ĸףͳ꣬һ·ֽ
ʥ˵ñ˵ǸգɳʱĶ˹磬׬¬
ʮ¸˹սңӱܻ;Уｭ
ǮҽԸ֮ǽ

    󲮵ĸԻŻϸ20й壬νԡŷǰ
ꡣڶóУȻʦͨѧҽ֪ʶص֮󣬿
˺صĵһҽҲ겼ʲά˵ĸҲһЩ
룬ںչй֯ʱΪһˡһֱҽ
ݴйĵ鱨ͨҽҩӦʡĻͺ
սʱڵľõİΪͽ
ﴦ1940ꡣʡ1951䷢ʿ֤϶

    󲮳19199¡Ϊʱеҽ֮ҵĳӣȻͯ꿪ʼͽ
ǵʽĽй໹ֵ֪ʱѾ
ѧϰСˡҪǣǱĬŸ˼Ӱ죬ʱ
򡰷ʵðжȻ丸δԼݺʹ

    Լ1935꣬16Ĵ󲮿˺ʡСͷɵ۶£źˮ
ĹϺһϮƮʡʱƺʶԼ
Ŵ˺ƷֱңúסȻǸйoǰڹʡ
ݣͳೱԾɸݺϯŴأһ
о̺ѪҺ꣬˺ҲؽƵԵĹ֮Сo
ʱδ㹻ʶԼͷ­ҵվΪһЦ

    3

    Ӳľ󲮵ʱȷʵһεʽꡣɼ죬
ò棬٣滭˵һĸЩʹ
ʡߵͬѧгͣܿͳΪѧŵ

    ʱʧδã人ͷܽĹ⽯ʯϴ
ѪԭȻѾµǻֺ֣ܿ츳İѧ֮аӡ1936
2£µѧԼغͻƳˣԼ󲮵Ƚѧܳһ
ᣬʼѧд塣μ֯ѧܣкΪйǵ
ʱԻԳޣĺʡʷȷǴ֮人ĵһ֧쵼
֯ʷơ18Ŷᡱ

    ֶᣬһĽ齻˼룬ǻڼڱܷ䵽
ȥĶũ֪ĴɣԶרơܿͱ
ı֯ҷ񵳾˾Ѹٳѵ㣬йǸɣȻҲ
СΪе˽δϹҲûЩҺΪĵˣ
ǹѺһºȫͷţҶѧڽ죬¼ֱν
˼

    ʶ;ĳƪС˵彭׳衷˹عιΰǵʱ
ʡѧµ䡣19366쵼˺ʡһѧʡߵ
ѧԷԽսΪȫʡУġսȹ˶֯ƺƴ
İտʾУʦĸˡ˶ܿ챻ѹѧҲ⵽ƻ
ιΰǱϺͬ9£50Ϊë飬80鲿ʱ
Իܼӷ50ʩ80ʡԺԺʿ飨70
һ쵼֯˺ʡڶѧŽ꣬׼ӭӸ
߳ĵΪʡߵѧϯȻֹʢΪе

    1936ףһֳ֯ȷӣʷơ
ȡǼڹõѧоѵӪУĸ
1937ꡰ±䡱սʽȡɢйʽ쵼ˡ
ȹšʷơȡ󲮲˺ȵ齨ίί
ԱţԱٷΪʱйҪΧ֯

    19382£󲮾ѧԼܣƼģʽΪйԱǺι
ΰӣ˼ˣΪй쵼ӴΪκͬСһ
ԱʼĵܹǮA쵼й굳Աѵѧϰ

    ӰӾϻ˵19Ĵҵ֯ĳΪһ
ʱһν־꣬Թã̾裬Ϊ
Σͼƾ֯ƷרƣᣬйǡƫӰй
ʱ׳һŽΌսҩʱӭµڶ
Ů顣

    ʵĸҲڴͬҵʽ³ΪԱ֮
ص磬ϲ丸桪Ҳǵµˡ50֮пض˵
û뵽ĸղûоϲ͹Ǻݺݵؽһ١丸
ֿԴ¶һѾû㻹ͽ

    ˰͵ķ֮󣬴󲮳ʹ˵ڲףָ𣬲
ȫǳڸӦûз֮ʹo޷˵ѡ

    4

    ±ڽ쿴ǿյһת۵㣬׼ȷ˵йִʷһ޴
תۡһ̿ʼ;й˺ʤ㡣Ҳ֮νĹ
人һС߳β人ʱӰ޵Ĺ
쵼֯ȡҲı²ŵѸͷչ

    ȡɾȵصѧ人ѧΪｨġǰԾ人
ѧ䡪󲮺ѧսκͬʿ顢Լܼӷȣ˳
µسΪ֯ķ˺͹ǸɡֱŵĶֲ֯
Ļһʡߵѧܽк١˾ȽȥӰΪʵ50
ǴǣҫϵͳлԾ
ԺΪ˵Ļ˼80ѧУң
ָӼңȵȴ

    һӰһ˵ҪҲһʱ̵ǳˡ
ǹݼѧμӹ12.9ѧˣʱҲ人Ϊȡؿ
꡷ࡣ󲮺ʱһЩżı棬˴Ƿµݣ
ڲͬϵͳಢ֮һֱ21ʱȥʹõĻ
ֽ󼸺һֱѳźʡƼĻֱ90
Ըʡ֮󣬻ʡ˶ꡣ

    Ѿһʷʣսʱ人ԹĭΪ
һĻˣսʱͶԱڵġȡҪǺ
£һѧźͺϳţɹ֯ȫġս׽˶
֮һǰҺ׳۵İ˶ȻΪʷƵ˵ڶι
¼

    Ҫ˵󲮵ĸ˱磬ʵ޷ر׳ʱĴ
ںѡ񣬽ʶÿһ˻ÿһ¼һķʡʮ
Ļƺͬϸһֺڽӡ

    5

    1938꣬³Ͻָӵ人ս죬Ƕɽǰҹһ
ֱ񻶺׳֮СÿһŮƺ縺ŹʹѪŵش
սǰĸ׼Ϊسͺϳŵ֯Ϊ˵
磬ʱǵСԱǺݳսﺺϵ
Ҳʱָݳ

    һݱʱ֣󲮺Աںϳ֮ʣ
꼻ֵʡ߽ҵһűƿˡһŮ󷽵Ů
еĴҽɡڼʮ󲮵ĲϻУԼһ̣ǰ
ı֮ţ˵ˡ˺ƺľ
֮ţҲδϣһ͵ƺһֱХš

    һʱҵС㣬ʡŮѧĸһž޶ֽ߹
ĺӣͬʱҲǡȡĳԱҴ󲮵񻰣µУǽ
ϡɣΪһ˺ı硣

    һŶյһ绪С㣬һ꣬ע
Ҫײһʼ˵Եһ꣬Ҳ189갡
Ĵģڹɽ֮£·ԤʾĽ

    ĽӴȻȻÿҹϰŮҪ͡ʱ˵
ĸ硪һӡ󣬹ŮİȫСԺǡȡ֯ȥũ
ǳѵĴܸ裬õİࡣڲżãݽ
ʱ輤ڡǸʱĸ鶼ƣӹظЩ
Ը춯صϸڡమˣһɣﵽĳ̶ȣǵo
ǸȽϷյн˵϶Ҫѹ㺡
οսܲҹڼڵȴǣ˭֪ľɢҪ
ĥѡǵoһʱ»֣ǻԵǰȴź
ɽ⸴֮Ĵػ

    6

    ֯ΪʣƺǴݱһʣڹŴУoһ
֯߹ݡʵ룬Լoҽѧֻϸ֯
ʷᳬ100ꡣô̵һʱڣʺȻͰΪ20
йһʡտʼoǱʾһĿġϵͳ
ϵļţ֯Ź˶Ŀͻ޶Ե
Ȼڴǵһרеָй

    ɫС˵Ļ˵1938Ĵ󲮣Ѿǡ֯ϵˡˡʵϣ֯
oϸǲ˵ġ֯ˣǰԭƵ֯
Уĳ˿ƬһĲѡκθ壬֯
ģ֯oûʵᳫ壬Ϊ˵ĸԺԡ
ң֯ͻмɣְƶյԼġһϵϰ
ȴйԹŶĽڰѧϰġɽһ⽨пֶ
ִĵƶʱĴǷǳŵġѵΥ߽ɱס
ڡıʱǽ֯ҲѧһֶΣԡͷ­Ѫ
ѪʮԣŻΪǽȻеĿֲ

    ҲĹˣĵĻŮԱƴ㣻ƵɷιΰҲ
ˡȻʵԣ40³д̣ɱҵ
ʩڣɽʿĹ԰һߵĻһŮˡޥ
ܰڵ꣬Щ˶ǹҵĶӣΪλѡһ滭
ģҪȥһȷʵΥʱɵΣҵأôĲӲŮҪͶ
Ҫϧȥ췴ǲɱԽ˰

    ֮Һʹɽֲݾʱһʡ
ЦŸҡ˳֮⣬иߵľܣֱܾ׷ɡ
˵ɣľǾɵļֵ档һˣ
ߣʯɽ̳жĹƣΥִġһɡ
һ䣬һ壬һȨҪǯʱһ
ҪҪɵʱ˵ܲЩ
ͼΪͷ­ڽǺ
ǺǣЩʼ˵ġ컯˶컯ˣ
ɹƷһȴõһӻĽ

    ô컯ǴӺʱʼأΪζ־ʿĳԣᱻĹͷ
ٿأΪ뱻ǿ飬ҪѴҵһСᡱЩ
⣬𽥴Ӵ󲮵пߡҼ˵󲮵¡

    7

    人սǲҵģνˮ½ѪƯ֣ǶǴ󲮺Ŀõġ
һ죬ڰȹԱлϮǸպ̧Ǹսʿһը
ըһӡûˣȴҲŻˣǿʼҪԺ˼ؽʧ
غ

    ڵʱǿֿſԵסվ㣬oѪҪ
һѡ۹ڿҪαʵԱΪպĵºַʡ
ʱڡ֯ĸĸټǨĴ˸Ԥġ
֮ǰҵ󲮣ίϣܺͬ۹ãݽϡŵ˵
ҰдֻĸǵĹϵĸػͬġ

    ȻѾõָ֯ҪʡһǨʼѧɽ
еСߡȥ֯չԱչ¹
ΪҪ¡иʷһֱΪ󡪡Ѿ
ԭ±֮󣬴ɵĺЭ飬й涨սʱĹͳչԱ
ƻͳһսĻйԼҵ̣Ϊսеҡ
Ǻιΰʹ󲮵ĸ׵ˣȻڿս֮ԼҷԺеԭͬ
Ҳǡ±䡱֮ӰԹҽҸڵڡ

    ｭ֮ģεɵò˵Լ֯ݺʹ
ΥֵʹȻҲˡ£ɽ
ĴɻصУҪڶبŵĴ󽭣
ӵͤ«ѱʱĵ̰ӣе˺ѷζǱߣ
Ǹ˶Ҳʧˡ

    193810人ݡǵǱڽҿһ͸Ŀζ
ѪؽδʪԶ䦸ɡƮƼ
ҵδ֪ŮľɢˮˡˮƷɣצѩ࣬ı
δҲĹںԲ

    ˺ǻһ̵ֱĿ񻶣ı֮оظ
ڴ󲮵꣬δȥпرʡǣҵo֪Ϊҹ𣬵ȹһ
oΪһȻŵδȢذ71Ǹҹһ
ڴϵȻط֮ٴתĳҹ

    ôǵഺУûټ𣿲·ϣ
ȻͲܹصˣҲ޷һ¡ǲҪ˵ġ

    8

    ʩǺʡΨһ۾ӵأڽݣɽһ֡
ɽӱվɻƧڵ꣬͸ӳˡ
봨ҪݾվܴͨϿݵĻoܾ
½·ϸء˳³Ͻĵս˾ͳرڴˣʡҲʱ
Ǩ

    ʩͨݽڰͶ۵ǰٷԽϿĳɽ룬ɽʼ
ٵִǧĺѧ˵ȻoŹϵ˲
ԽͶҰص೤Ͽɽܵڵӡ

    һŷ̴԰СҲǹ߹壨ʱΪгĹ硣
ٻ˼ҵĵطͻȻӿڶľӢѧӣһʱ׽⡣ڵʱվ
֮£ӵɽǻǼ縺Щδ˲ĵΡУޣ󲮺
ͬѧǶܱߵ˼ҳסֱ峺Сӣ
ɽˮ㣬紦⣬꿹ļ飬ĵȼա

    ߵʦҲν˲żüãʦйŵѧרҺֽ˿סѧ
һֶǣ80人ίǣޣѧڣӢ
ѧڣȵȡЩѧԺеĳҶʿĳйԩ
ǿ80ģǱ鲼ȫĸ֪ˡ

    ʱߵµίԱȻԾѧǰ̨һǸ
ͬʱҲһµԱǵ֯ͻ飬ҾУ
Ҳ˰ȫͱؽѧιΰڶʩ³֮󣬴󲮲
֪ƤĵıȻ50걻ĹӸѹˣ껹кܶ
ı緢

    ʱµҪڰչԱ磬ȴսʤ֮ķ졣
һʱ䣬󲮾Էչ8Ա֮ҵˣҲûкʵ
Ǿ֯ͬ⣬˲ִ졣·´ǮA㣬Խֵ
֯ϵϣĶͬѧһȥӰǮ˵罻ˣӦ
ڰԶԵиĹסǣ֯ŵɳѧްѧϰ
ǮAϵӴ˴ĹˣȴӭĶˡ

    9

    һûŮ޳µǰеʷϸң鼮һ
ֶѵֽУҵһװùؾصż1987꣬
һѰ٣ٴҵɵںշת֮ǰһⳤ
šЩţҽ¶һοɱʷҲ¶һ쵼ĺڰġ

    Υ50֮ɵĵһţ˵ľ֮·־֣ţ
鼤þòƽһգ֣ͬκͬ󲮵εµǣţ
֪ҵ㣬ἰдŸ㣬ȴȵʱˮ
䣬ЩμԺȴʮ룬ǧͷ治֪
Ӻ˵𡭡뿪人ѼһˡҴδյ
ţսǣһԭ֡

    ԭδһˣǺ͡ȡļѽһȵ˲ٳ˴
Ͽءĸžʯǰ˸ũʶְ࣬һȥ
ʱԭ人һֱ׷ġȡ쵼Ҳɽ
ǡʵɵĻ˵ǸӬһ߷ɵҲ
νһ顣ӻ人ʶʼһֱرʾϲԭ
ѩһֱرѵľ롣

    ʱǴί֮طżȻϲ£
ɣ֯ݶԱ뵳ʱҲѪ꣬˵İţ
һŮ壬ͬȥһҵһʦȻļʽ뵳Ϊ֯
ϵˡ

    δãĸţҪȥĸ׵ɶ֯ͬ⣬塣80
ŵ֪ߺ󲻾ãص֯⵽ƻһĵŮ
ԱˡȻ£챱ոµ

    10

    ɳλڽأǵʱĴĴ֮һ죩սڼ䣬Ϊ
˵ʱйһҪĽɢأѧУǨͣ
ѧʦҲҪתѡ·νĴѧް࣬Լ൱ڸ߿ϰ࣬
˸صѧȴ꿼ǽΪѧʱѵ㣬
ЩʿĻ档

    ڷ£ܼӽҪΪʿղš
ްܵǮAָʾҪμӸ߿ѧѧ˺ͷչԱĹ
ɳ죬ԼҲͰˮ̣Ȼ޴֪Ҳշת졣
ɵؾ1940Ĵ󿼣֯ͬ⣬ѡǨɽ人ѧľ÷
ϵרҵǱȽ

    Ǯµ֧ɽί˺ϵʱĵµ
ʽĵӾݵҪʲôпڰţֱӸ˭мɡ
ǣ9£շתɽ߲Զѧȥ֮ͬѧۣ
ǰ£µ֯ƻ񣬵Աɢ𱻴̱֯
Աĵָ⣬80鲿һҪɽί
Ҳûϵo׵ȴš

    Ȼ֯ʧȥϵԹ񵳵ĳ޲û⣬վˡΪ
ļȡϵŸһѾ񵳴Ǹʱ
ͻȻʧȥ֯˶ţë˭ΪԼǵԱҪս˭Ҳû
뵽һͬ־ᱻΪԶѵͽ˶ַܵ
ĥӡ

    ȫתիڡȡʱĻԡ
ʼ֯ѧӽš͡Ҿ硱Žͬѧ˼룬Ķ
鿯ݿսϷ硣һֱҵɽһ͵鼮ҲҪȥ̽
ϵǣƺһӣβѪסԺѧһꡣ
ϣʼʫ贴ѧʦǵʱѾŮѩ֣ǰ
죬ʶٵһʫˣҲϲһ塣

    ʫʼĴһЩֽϣҲǸ֪ηŮ
˼ȷʵûϵıǸʧɢİע⵽ˡʱѾ1943
꣬Ѿŷֱ5ˡ

    11

    Ȼ֯һߣ1939졣ĸף
൱人ġȡ͡ȡԱѡǴĿеż񣬶ϣ
죬رίיһͬת˸ĵһԼ
Ƭʫ

    ǣͺ󲮵˵⣬ûдӦʱ®
ͶͨţȴӲ漰飬ʼֳδ뵽̸

    ĸѾڳɶһʵı㳵Яĸأ׵ĺư
׵õܣѧɣҲͬС֯ͬ⣬Ǿ̡
Ӧңɶãٻ졣

    غȥѧѧҵþõȲ֯Ѷȷܿաoȥ
ȻڶѧڣͰѧͼ֯ϵʱѾ񻪵
ˡˣУҵʱδμӴѧͳΪ˸ھ
ǵڶʱܡѵĴŮءһӰ죬ѧũѧõũר
ҵǵ겻Ůһ̽ȥʹѧУƫã
һÿչ¹ĵطĵ֯ϵһֱתתȥתϡ

    ô˵һ԰ִŵˣϲ˭־Ĳ
ݵľ1941ǡҲɽεµίǡɽͽǸ
ǽϽҲһչģ֯ϵԾɻ
鵽ϡʾ֯ȫĿǣϣܹΪٰ
ޡһչŵĴҵ굳쵼మһ˵Ů
ԱչϣɲһŮһףԻѧҵͼҸ
ΪɣʧִĶͷ˾

    ҲлǸԶȥˣЩصԤУΪţ
ǻڽطꡣʱ漣ˣ˱Ϊʫ裬ϳ
ķ磬ұߵͨѶַȻ󼱲ɴؼȥѶ

    12

    ɽնʫԻ򲡵ⲻ񡣴󲮸δ뵽շת齵ʱ
ݲݣȻĻ˵תõ˵ĺ飬ƶʵ޷
æغ˴˽˵㼣1800ʱյǣҺͿĽǲϵ
ϵŽٺطıԼ٣ǸԷżٵʱ򣬵
ĸڵڽȥ桪Լ׼ʽܸˡ

    ϣ涨֮⣬ϣͨҵġȡͬʡ֪
Щͬ඼ǵԱͨǿҵ֯Щڰȫǣͨ
б޷񣬵ꡰȡ֪ġСصСãҲѾΪ
˵µԱ֪Ǿʶֱ¼Щݼɣ
ɼҲǲ˵ģ֮ͨС

    ²ص٣ĲҲȬԸԳ̡ϲ
ػɾȻ¾ɵ·ż򵥵ڽȸĵ
ַѰõǴСʱȻǻƻ裬Գܵһƻڳˡ
ҶĶ̨ʫ֣ʫ䡪յһĴҲǹˣ
ҵoһ͡ʱ޷סң˵ᡣ

    һ24ƶѧ԰ȫ룬һİСǵıĺִٲ
֮š͸ѿƺǴ¥ڿ˼ĺ
ˡԭΪǻᱧͷʹޣ鲻ԽļȻվǰȻ
ɣøӷˣϵ΢ЦȴòʮֱżƳ
Ͳмеܲе־ǧı˪ζ޷ȷ⵽ô
£޷ֺͱ֮䣬ôȥ

    ഺ굽׻Ĺ죬oʶʵɫֹĮ֮У
δܴǿ޹üŮ˼oԱΪŻƶ
ǱԵм˵ĵǣһȾ޴ʯĥ
˼һһĥƬ

    ˻òޣѾ޷Сפˡ򽭱ߣ
ҹǻʧζζлһƭĸо֪ˣ
ҪҼǧ糾һټأo뵽¾ǹʵ
֪ĺ

    ѻ˴գսجΣԻӱԭĮ
ɵĽǡ1985ĶҹΧСľУỹ޷Գ֣˵
ǸʯСϣȥǱ𣬵Ǻ֣ĽŻǰǴ¥ǰ
ȫȥڻ԰еıӰıӰ
һӰˡͻȻת첽ͷһԥͻҪȥ


    ˣĽʹûȥʡ׷ʲôҪת˲䡣
һתǰּͣİ·İ·쳾ֲǵĽ
㸺شˡȵܹĽʱһжѾˣǧںֺ
µĽŲ˵ǻ磬Բһʽ̨ǵı
һݣͻӻǵһˡ

    13

    ܵشĴȻصɽѧҵҵǾݳУÿ
˶ΣյаԼĽɫʮ֮ǻ֪ʱǶʧȥ
֯ĵԱ

    ڽãͻȻɽĽ人ʱġȡ
ˣ1938֯ͱǿнɢҲδı棬ԭһߣ
Ҳ޴֪ǷԱʵ֪ɽҲҪϵ
ɽʱĿֲƣԼʱֹͣ˻˺ܶ൳Ա֯ϵ
ǣ֪󲮺ɵľδˣڼıļٷ޼ƻԲԸ󲮽
ǵ֯ߡͻȻֱ֣ӽдȥμǵ֧Ҳ
˭ָɣڵʱĵҸ£Ȼװ˼ϣ֪
ϵص㣬ԱԼŪȥȻҲ˵

    ֯ΪѺͷҲûˡҲδ֣
ֱ80漰󲮵ĵָʱίҶͷ˾͵ʱֱ֤
˵ԶѵָܻԱԼȥĵˣв
һı档֪ϸѾܾйĥȴȻ
˵ʱ󲮴˰ţ󲮲ӡ˵ʱûаһ˵֪ǵ
Ա

    ˵¶˭֤һֿȵĸ߹٣һʵصժñɣ
֯ĳӸɵoȨбȻʱ󲮻ûҵɣ޷ʷ
أĸһᣬȥȡʱδ߿
ĹƦǣڴѵñӣʱ
ʵҲû̫ȤˣoΪǵԭͼֻһѡ

    14

    Ȼһֱ޷ɺ˶˵ʹoڣӴ
ĻѩĵףҲûȥĬؼһƶѧϡ
֯ҲʼûoѧҵڱȽѧѧ߼ѧù
Ӣȫĸı¡

    սʤ֮ʱҲҵԼУʦسҲ˳ط䵽˺
ʡֱ˰ֹίɵɳֱ˰֡ʱȻʼѣս
ȼˡǳӣ滹ĸܵܺһãĸнʻҪ
ܼȫҡйת£Ҳ޴ѰңȻҲδȥӰˡ

    ķ̴棬Ͼ˼ǼרƵģҪ˵ɱ
֮𡣶Ķܣ֧£ͶɽľˡʱעžƣȺ
˼͹ĺôڰкͼ֯ˡӦᡱ׼ʱ
˰ϺͲƲԱӭӵȴžĵ1948ףžһռ差
ҪɳнҪԱܣʼ֡Ӧᡱά־档žֳ
ɳָֻ˵רԱҪ֯ӦĹoҹ


    1949人½Ķɽս֮󣬹ѻءȻǿά
򣬵Ѿڵȴˡ󲮺׾ҵ˵µԱѫ࿪ȣ
ǵָʾ¿չʵƿصĵΧ֯彨Эᡱ
Ϊýչ׼֯ϵ人ĵµ֧˵ҪĴ
϶ڼһкܿͻõؽġǣʼĵصȴ
Ϊ֮ܶйĵ

    15

    ĳɽģκʱ򶼻һҾ֡ǹĴӶʼ
Ѿ˺ܶճеľ飬ԭڸõشµ¹ԭĵԱɲ
ֽӹˡ30ĴӭѾõйδϣΪ
ЩմԱഺʱڵͬ־

    ͬѧսѶӰɱˣκͬʿ飬ܼӷǣԼȵȣ
ÿ˶ھίԱᵣҪʹҪ쵼ǮA㣬人
֯һҲˣǾɵΪЩ˶ʷģ
ЩѣӦúָܻܿ֯ϵõҪĹλŵȥ
ˣȴܿ췢ʱףůԶˡ

    ǮA˵ģȥһȾȶ㲻ҵ
Ҳȥġͬѧ˵ǵȻ֤ǰ㣬Ĵʱڵ
飬ҪǱߵ֯ȷϡϾḴӣѵͶ˵Ҳܶ࣬
һлҪ֯ԭ

    󲮶ʱʧ֯ԭĪ⡣Щս
ѣƺҲʧȥ˾յĴ飬вΪһߡԡ
Ѫսڳɹ֮գЩڰ͵ˣʤʵ𣿸ο
µ׶֮Ҫűַ⽨ġڽԺõ˵ȥ
ѰͬҲȷʵһ¡

    Һһ֮Һͬѧʿдһţ֤ʿ
õĵһְҵ人·ַѧοΡҸˮƽ
нļĹʴÿ85ԪʱҲ㲻Ƶˡ

    ֵ֣֮·֣50ֵ人һСʡʵʦ人н
ȵȣְ񵱹̵Ρ֮ʱδκλҲ͡ȴ
ƽֲߣȡ顱ֵù͵ˡ𣿵ǵ
ѧ˾Ӣڴˡ

    ǣһ֪ʶӣܴӴ˹𣿵Ȼȴȫ
ķʽ1955꿪ʼϾ

    16

    ֮󣬴ӦûġʱĴѹ
ǽžżɲ־ԸĹԱĵѧ30Ӣ죬
ˣǺܶŮ׷һʱڣҲ˵һΨһԸҸֵʱڣ
ʼȥɣһγصĳ

    ԼŮѣĵһ׶ʮ¸֮
йİ׶֮Ÿ߹ĽѪͳòԲԡ50Ҫй
Щ׶ͻأŮϣΪ£ʱ̣Ƿˡ
˵ÿҪ֮ʱɵӰð˳Ŀռ䣬
ħðŮռݣûа취ܹȥٰˡ

    һŮ˾˺֮󣬻˳ԡҶ
Ȼ˰ΪβȥѰҡ̽⿪أ
ڣսʤ֮߶ʵأȴûйͻȻʧ
йˡ⣬ҶԴ󲮵˽⣬һԸĬĬŵˡδ
Ⱞ׽֣İ飬ܷΪ߶oҪڰţ
ľеɬܶʱǶΪϵһ󣬶
ϣĵȴû壻ԼԾִУ·ڤڤ˭ѣ
ˣҲھܺһĿѣܶȥҸʹǽپףҲҪң
ԶȥֵĹ¶ĥڿ˰鱾

    ĳԵҲʹһ1955ԣ
ƺһ˷ˮ롣ڴǰδ飬Ԥʾڽѻ׵ˡ
Ϊһ꣬˶ʼˡ

    ˶ƺǽһ֪ʶӵȺʼҪԼĺˡ
󲮲ǺǸȦӵˣ׿ѡ˶
Ȼ綼ҪϾӡʱڱֽϷƪ̸ѧ£־֯ר
෢У˵ҲǺ缯ŵĹ۵㡣ʢߵʡȻû
аɺӣٷĳ϶ȴǽˡ

    17

    ˵ܵùһܲʮ塣ָڽӵ˼йΪҪһ
չ֪ʶӵȺأЩ֪ʶӣЩȥļȷ棬ΪҪظ
ʷ룬𲽼أ

    ʧȥ֯Ĵ󲮣50Լ֮ʼ˼⡣ʱ
ǣЩӰͬѧսѡЩʿôڶˣ
o˵Ӱ˶û޷ѧǣֲ
ᶷУ˵ϴԵġоȽģȻͨƶȺͽṹ
νйʵǡԶȾйҪ͸Ľȫԯޱ
۵ġһ֮꣬Ҫԭɵũ˶
Ϊۣë˵Ҫһ񵱼
Ŷ൳棬ɣϷȨƽȵȵȻ

    ֮󣬲ŷʵǵȼɭϣ·˳ݣȨ鹫
ȨᡪѵǼ׼ҵѪҪΪ֮ܶйѵƽ
40ԤԵġϣǶٵ⣻ϣ޵⡪
һ׶ˣ

    ڳȥӰ֪ʶҲйǾϴ֮󣬶
ִ˶ˣʣµ˼˸ʹд棬ҲٶˡǴ
ЩҸ񵳽аȷ涷ʿй˵СΨΨŵŵ
οɹʢ绹ڿ죬oҪ˳ҲܲߣҲܱ
ת۾

    Щڰս֪ʶӵԱǶԣʤ̫ͻȻǻ
Ҫʵ֮СˣͻȻĸ֣ԶԼ֮
ʱǶʼˡڵȴʱ˼룬սҪԡ

    ĹԾԾӵģǿǹŰģô
ĹӦǸжûǣ͵µͻˮ֮Сձ黳
ɰԱƷڣΪԼǳԿԡѪɽĸɳԱǶ
ɽժҵߡΪʿΪȨǹģ
˭ҪǹӦʤʵǾ͵oüǹӶԸˡ

    󲮻Щ֮Ҳȥ֤ԱݡȻѧɣƾճ
ţ㲻طȥһˡˣ߽1957ꡣ

    18

    һξ͵38꣬˶ԣӦһƽǴԾɴŹȻ
˵ý˵˲٣Ÿ⣬ȻĵǸʹ괺죬ƺ
ú磬ŷ֮󣬱㻨֦ҲˡٸЩ˺ܾõ֪ʶ
ھüȣҲѧٻˡ

    󲮲ûģҲǻ֯ˣĻЩ
˵֯ԱƤë˵һ㣬ʾĵ鵽˵Ļ
ǷʱУ֮Ӧ£Ӧȡı绤
Ȩķ˵

    ǰǶԤ˵ġɡñӸ˻ҹʻ
ʱҲδñӵҪ£ǹʵʧʹЩۣǼ
ȥϼ˵˵Ļǣٽһӱн̰˼o51Ԫһ
ˡû뵽ôڣ˵ȥҪǴoÿЦĬˡ

    ʱǣܶûʶݵغȵ·ũͶ
ʼеԼΪˡӡǵ˵Ĵ3͸ģִڴ󼢻
ݺףȺ֮С

    1960꣬ϼĸɲֲǸժñӡժ˲
ζһжȥժ˵ĽСժñɡ൱ڡж̻ƽӡˡѧ
Ǳйزͬ1961пԺ人Ժѧоѧо߼ѧ
ͬʱΡѧѧ༭ǻصרҵҲʵʵˡ
1970꣬ٴα·ŵɳũ߸УͶԺ°ŵӵѧֵ
ʦֱ1979꣬Сƽ󣬾ҪоѾİ
ѧоƼֲŴãã˺֮а40̳
ѧ̬ı빤

    һ꣬Ѿ60ꡣ꣬ഺ¾ôˡ

    19

    1939뵳ɾȥأʧȥϢ人Щԭ
ȡԱҲǵġɫС㡱80֮йʼ
ʷΪԩٴƽЩݾӶϸʼԾۻᣬҪΪԼ
׳ʷȡĹˣٺдҲͷ˪ˣһɣ
ҪΪҲԼ֪ǵġ俴󲮻һֱ
ҪһЩɡԸ棬þȻһȥ޼ˡ

    ԭ1943֮ü˴һŬؿʼ׷ɣ
֯ķʽҪͬӣԱ㿪չ¹ʱɣȻΪ
ٵȴҴ󲮣ͷԾڰҹѪԶұ˵û
⣬ǺøУȡֶ֯ıչǸoʵ䷴

    ɱϾũԱĳ츳գһ·׷ڶ
ڳˮ꣬Ȼ뷨ۡԽԽо֯
ܣȻԹ壬ǾһҪ޸һԱȡ
ѵķʽνİһǵԱ׷ˡ

    ʱĵµһ쿴ʮֻƵļɡеԱȢǵŮԣŮԱ
޵Աԡ˵ǱܵҪսʤ֯ϼҪ
ȥ飬Լһǵ֪ʶʱ߳ŭֹ
ԸΪңв˵Ҫж֯ϵȻУ
1945޵򡣵ȻƫҲִ֯ɣӴˣɽµ
һԶѵʿ

    1949֮ɷ޵Ϻ巴˶ʱȺɱ
ԴӣʼഺѾӵļ¡

    人ʱйҪԱ֮һȻ⡣1950
ʶɵı÷Ȼͳƾֳ̽ĵַȻɫȥ
ȥĻᡪ˵̸̸֯⡣δǣȻٴȥ
˵ָ뵳Բˡ

    ڼʮҴ󲮵˵ҷǳߣΪǶҵ裬Ҵһ
ߡһȻ򸾺ͬȥɽ԰һΣ֪ѶС
Ľ֮ҲŸеıɣҲ˵һ䡣ڴ֮ǰҶ
ٶһЩأέ̣һͬѡµԱ֪ɽ
Ϊʶˡѵ꣬ɫ

    20

    һҪһƽģǧ־ʿΪ֮ת֣
ʬɵңȴ㿪ʼûйԡ
˵һݳ޵󣻸ǵoҪһԩȺΪ
ܵĻ裬˼

    65ϾҪݵĴ󲮣ɹŵΪoܺһ
ͥסһƽóڵСŽủĹƽʱָ
1949ˮƽ87Ԫ;һҲͻˡԺֱȫյ
Ҳŵo127Ԫġѧ̬ÿڽӽһ¶룬û
иѣְƻǸڡ

    ȫƽԩٴսѵⶼõ˽ڿʼҪΪ
ƽ׷ǰҪʷ⡣ĵ1938ϣͿ
ʱڵϸɲݴסʵȵȾˡȼ
ʵĺôοҲȷʵԩβҲأ

    ʱԭɽʱµʧɢѵ⣬Ϊǣ̫࣬Ϸ̫࣬
һʱΪ鲿Ĵ󰸡ȫصʷɽٿֳ飬ҪȡһԽ
޴ʷ⡣ҲݽĴ󲮣ƺڿһ⡣

    1986ʷһݷô󲮣̸ɽ
̾Ϳϣְķֹĸʡ쵼
漰ˣû׿ϣ´Ҳµı
ˡ󲮵oܿЦʾԼȥˡͻȻһת˵
Ϻһᵽ֣˵ǸʱڵĵԱһ
æ˭˵ţһȥû¼

    سˡţϺһҴֻԱΪ˽
֯⣬Ҳɽµίⳡߴ󰸡֪󲮵
ûһزΪֺ֮ʹ֡

    󲮿Ǹ¼¸ͷҲ޷ǿ̵ᣬݺֱ¡
ԣֵĳ֣ԶǷƽѩΪҪĬĬΪֺľ
һ֪Щ߹ģΪʲôҪ
ٻǰ˪ؾܳİ

    21

    ͬʱµսҲʼѰˡ󲮵ĵһ֧κͬҲ
ϢͬʱҲæתɣãã40ˣֵñ
ҪϽԷȥšǴ̫ãǵѾˡ

    󲮵ȵĻų10ҳ͵ĵˣСػػ
ž˿ڣҵ꺮ů˵ıȻ̲סҪʣ
Ҳ̶ɻʹ࣬ҲҪһΪˡҿ࣬˭뵽
1943Ǳ˴ҵʼƵͨŻԳʱ׷һֱ
ûиǾҪڽʱΪԱյʱļɣ
㱨ˡΪ֪Ҳʶǡȡ˵
ţ󲮣Զĸֽʱң顣ã
벻ǡʱǵԼĸǵµĴʡ

    Ϣ20ͷ˵ѵѾǱ
ʶĳԣοѾ˼գڼƭһȴ
Ůĸ飬޳֮ȡǣѾûʱȥ׷ˣΪѾڽ
·ϡǸĻƻʱȴıȻһŮĺüԡ

    ʢ֪նγƽ龰ȥһĹ°
Ǹˡֱգ֪ԭл˱ӵһı
ڲԭڽĳ֣ΪõɵϢԸ
ȥҵع֯ӶҴƭ֣ɴһԵжĹϵʹӴ
Ϊһʧȥ֯ˣ÷֯Ҳֵ˵

    ЩͨźĶʱҿĲġ֯µŮ
ĪݺԵһҸӾǣҿһ˱յĵ쵼ĺڰ
ġ֯40ʼЩߣһЩ
ѳֳ٣ԼĲпãŶǵļӺ

    22

    ʵĽҷأഺԶţУܹƾȥ
ͰǸԸ߾Ȩλһҥ˵˵ģ
ΣжϵİԸûκʧ֯ѵ׷ɣ

    󲮵oܿЦoɽµƽȼ̶ĬĬᡣ֪ѾѾ30
꣬ĸеʹ˥֮Ļƻ裬ٸһůȥί
̽ǵйһõȻհ׵طȥˣ
ǻһ𹲴һҸβ

    εȴŮӣܲĹعذ˵־֣ʵû뵽
һҶˣԽԽԼˡԭҽѾǼ
̫ˣҽûаҵഺ㣬δ㰾ôѹ¶
ôܽԼ˥ȥأοϥҪȥ㣬Ҳվ
ᡣǷģ޷Լ𡭡

    һΨһŮˣȻԸ׵ĻƻһǰԵǣ
Ҫ跨ȥѹеǿصľʯȻܸˣҲҪΪԩ
oҪָиꡣԱ˵еЩսΪ֤
ơʿ顢κܼͬӷȵȶд֤ͨʵҪҺҫ
ԤԼίдĳѡ־Ρȡ
Ϊ飬ܸвšʱڽʱԱѧʱĵ
̹ϣ룬˵ʱΪҵĵϼ쵼Ӱ죬˵־
ʱ̬䵭־һСǿаˣȻԼ
ټȴǶ𣬾ʹʧϵΪһԱԸ֤û鹹
ʵڡ˵еݣɽί5
Ϊ˿µͬ־⣬δչһµԱ־Ҳ
ʧ˺֯ϵһң˵Զѵ䡰ȡʱ־ĲŻ
ҲΪ֮̾Ϣ

    23

    人Ϻڴ֮ߣȻδ֮ҳѾ˰
͡ԼŽĽٺطꡣˤ۵Ȭ
ѳˡ

    죬Ĵ󲮻ĶԽװҸϽôٽ磬һ
Ů־סҸϽͷһ̴
Ծִٵվš˪ͷһָ߹ص½
¶Ҽæ󲮣ӳվµʯϣȻʯһˡ
ԼѾõľף˱˴ŶԷգһʱϣ˵
һѰ٣ǧ࣬ط֮ʱȴʱԡ

    Ǽһӣر˴˻һ֣ȻѲϵֽһҿ
ʣɣ˸ûӵûǣǷǳ
ֵزӣһı˼ĿЦ

    44֮ĵһ棬Ҳһ档һĹʵأǽˮ
˭֪վӰصǺ¥ң·ԶӰ⡰־
Ⱦ͸ҪΪ֮ܶһδһڡˮ
еźⲻҵйԲԡǱߵǷһ
죿񣬹죬Ѿ޷ȥǿɬˡ

    ˱֮ճδüϳθĵΪĴڶ
ָɵoܰԱҽƷշת齡1989ٴο׷ƴ
Ȩٴݺŵı֮ˡдһţ
иһ֮µʦȻҸһƿ
ҩ֮Ϳʼȴʱ̵ĵ

    1990꣬һ֯ױ֯˵ߣ޳ߡ

