йĸĻ




һĸĻ


    йʷкܶĸĸܸٲͬξں죬йĻͳ
ͳѧͳδı䣻峯νȨҲڻָĻϲ
нǶǰĻϿɺͼ̳ϡһЩĻʵĤǰ
ĹֳǰĻľη̬ȡǣͿʢ

    1949ԺëڽȨĻȫ޴˵Ϳݣֳһնɱ
С

    ǵĸĻʲôһԻԻǱ
ĻģãһֱΪ꽣䲻ڡ
ǵıʸӺǹӡ֮Ŀںŵνʵʵʵ߱
󵼡֮ڣΪǸǱά塪
ѧڹ֮¬ձ־йǲ֪ʵһִ
ͳһĻһڽ̣ڽ̹ۣڼĹϣ񻰵
߯˹ߣԼáǰν÷չۼ󣻺Թ
񵳣ʵȹ϶󣬷ֺͼȨ
ʵָĸ֮־ǲԸϣйĻȻûǣҲû
Ļ塪֮ĻʵҲǹٷĻһֲͱ
죬췴еҲͬǶڵͳһϿɡǣάĻ
ȫȨĻ֮ƷĵйĻҲ
ֵ

    йһĻĻͷչġ

    ȫȨĻĻ˵
ļĻνĲϸͼ

    ĸּıĸǰ쵼ߣ
Ļǡ족ɵġڰͷ֪ѧЩʲôȲأ
Ҳǿ󡪡ȫ޷вġȲҪ˸ҲҪ˻ȨĶ಼
ﰺ񣻳Ϊ񣬵׸˹Ȩֱƻߣɱĵһ
ɱˣΪʥ֮㲻ɱ֮¸ݵĵ߸Ϊйɥȫ֮߷塣
Ҳνֻɱ棻ʱİʿ׹㳡Ѫעǰ
ʥ˩¿ӵβҡУߵʿɱӵ޲˹Ӷһ
ʿǣǾĶ಼صĺ֪ʶӺͿͳߵĺ
ڼȵѷתΪרʱڵĻˡʱڵĻ
Ϊؽݡʹ뵽йһҲͬҪһ
Ļƺ޸ֻĸ˽衪ͬǼ˼޵񡣣

    йĻǿԿ϶ģйĸǲκĻأҲ
ûС

    ߼ʮּ򵥡йĸɸʷ̨ģĻ
ݻйĻݻĻͳʹͳĻôĻ
֮᲻һҹͱĻأȻᡣ

    ôĻνĸĻأ

    編ƣһڸʱʵĻһǼٳһν˼
ԺﾳƳνʵۡۡ͡˵Ǹĸļȫ
ݡݣַչΪĸ֮Ψȵȡĸ֮÷չۣǲǾ
һ־ò֮أȻǡ߼ԣĸĻĸ
޸ݸĸͱĸĸô侭ںȻʮȷҲȻᡪ
һͬûκκϷݵľøĸͨ׵Ļ˵ǱгΪ
ãʵɴʽļȨԱȨͿ̿йͶūۻ׬ȡĹŻ
Ӿƻ̬ӶԴ˵øĸﱾβĸġд
աһЩþáַйĸʵǸ޷
Ҳвйξһ廯ʵ

    Ƕйξøĸ״ӹɵĳ





    ôĸۣҲʵ˵ǲǸĸĻıͺϷأ

    ȣʵ˵˼άԵļ˹
ʱھͶʵǲǼ֮˵ۡ鱾˵۵α
ڣ˵ȫ˺ҫƽ˵Ľڡڱ˵Ļ
Ȩ˼ȱλԴѷ

    ʵ˵ѧݣʵǽʵѧı֡

    ʢһʱ߼ʵ֤ۺʵѧ֮Ҫ壬˻ͼܿ˵
ڽ̺Ļ壬ͼѧƵϵʵȥ˼ͷ
ϵ˵ѧͺĽ⹹ѧһͼʹ˻رڽ̹ۺĻ
ۡԴάҲѧɺܿʽ΢ϵ»ص˼䡣Բܽ⣬
ͬܽѧڽ̴Ļۺͻκʵеһѡ
˵ΥǵʷĻʵѧȡϵжϺռֵڴ
ж˵ںܲϵҲǿ֮ǿ˼䡣
֮˼߲ΣԸȨѡ񣬶Ħ
ϣϵϵͬ
ʱĵ£ȻɫںɵĹ涨ԣoϵ۵ĵ¹
ԡڴϣ涨ҲãʵҲգoԼԼ
ʵΪǽ˼1978꣬ͻ

    ֮ǲ֮սأǡ

    ѧͳѧͳԴڽ̺׼˵涨ĳָݣ
Ǳ۾ոΪ׵˼ҵ˵ʽ˼άϡ
Ǳ۾ġĿŷʽʽΪһѧĲս
ԡڴϣִѧǡúӦʷĶ
ڽ̡ѧķ񶨡ڵӦ֮塪ǶҮˡ
ϵ֮ƺʷԵ
ǵʷʷʷѧİϣ÷ӳǵ˼档ԣѧ
֪ۣѧȫ壬ѧ֣֮ѧϼֲ֪۱֤
Ƕķ񶨣֮ѧҺͺִѧҶ۵Ľ⹹
ǡǡһֵּ۵˶ǡǡȫļֵ۵
ΪרѧҺͼȨͳ޷ġһ߲
˵ϵˣϵɱۡǻ⣬ѧ
ɵ˼άʽΪԭҪع涨ķ˼к͸徫񣬳
Ϊ˵ľԴ

    һڹѧﱾȱλһʧܣԾûи
̣ҲԲḴȴ˼άȥ̵ؾǵĳ
˼ڣйĻȥ֮ԣǲҲ̣ҲԸ⵱Ȼ
ĻԺ󣬶ǰ

    ǣʵ˵Ȩػڣ˵˭ЧģȨģзĽ
ߣ

    ʮּ򵥶ªoеһмĽߺȨԣ
˵ɸĸߺҫΪϹźƽԩٴҲΪã
ʵǡһжеġ˵Ҫδʵ100
200󣬶Բ𣬾Ҫ顱ЧˡǣͲ飬ͻĵ
Ϳʼ˫һ壬иˡ

    µۻʷⲻ֪֮Ƿǣǹ
˵ķ˵ǡѵ԰˰ëϯ
ǡ𣿡˾ٲԷԡǡ˵˵һЩ˷ԡ
ǡǣǲҪȷԴë󶫺ë˼ǲǼëĻ߸
ڳ¥

    󣬹ڸĸʵеĻۣڿǹĴйֵۡʾ
ֵۡʲôǡйֵۡأ̣߸ɴ˵йȨ֮
ٹƶۡµһΡһЩú˵ԣӵ˵ġ
ۡèۡڡãЧۣʹ뵽й˵ĸĸھ
һĻʵ塣ٹۡûκĻأУǾ
ɴļȨԱۣøȨۺ͸ıֵۡ
ʱ¹Ϊ˻裬ٹİɣй裬
ɣ

    ǲʷϵҪأ


Ļ̳к͸ĸ


    ĩʵ䷨ʱй˾Ϳʼ۸ĸĻ⡣Ա
ִһʣ˵һԣϸΪĴͳɣԿΪ
ɺͺչάִݡʵ֮ϣйʵ
άɵġȷ𰸡

    ȻɵƺԼĻݣ۱ҲҪ鹦ʱ
ɡʱ˰ıֽĪѷġÿͳƴ֪
Ħ̫ͬʱ񱨡ġ걨
Գ͢СۡĴ󱨣Ӱľޡ󹫱ȣش˱Ϊ֮Ҫ񡣵
ϸ֮£Ƿ֣һɣʵûĻݣoĻݡĻ
ݣͷչΪ˼ۻëɸۣҲάʹ
Ʀ˶ϧиɸѡȺãӦƦ˶٣
ȨΡ伸ɵ߼ϵΣӢʽʵ
άǮţǰϣ֮ĸ˵Ļ
˵ᷢãտĹٲĻʵ
˼˵й˳ֵҲᱻȫȻȡޣo
йѧϰľƷ¶ϹԺйĻ߼ͱΪ
Ļ߼ˣڵǣй֮֮ĸǲǵoнĻʵά
ɴǰ;ȻʷдɵġǵʹĻشԾǡ

    ䷨һǵһзĸĸ䷢۵ĶλΪֹ󳬹ʽĸ
˵䷨ǵ˸ĸ֮ǰġʵǴȻԭǳĸ漰۹غй
Ļˣ78ĸȫûĻϢڡʵۺۻһ
󣬾ʤëġʵۡʤ۵ķǣʧҲṩ
ǸӸеʾ

    1ǿʵǿ˸ĸ﷽棬峯˵һ⡣ͺ֮
һѵĿ⣬Ϊѵľ棺ǿڣ˲֮ͳ
ȫ֣ȵǿˣ˸ĸﲻɣĸλˡʾǣĸ
oǿ˲ٿʵС֮ڵҲ涨ĸԣ
ͳ֮£ĸΪһʷϵ

    µ¹ߵ˹̸⡣ǸлǮ½¼ԣ
ߵ֮ԻΪԤΪ͢Ⱥ⣬ԤУɣ
˹ԣڵþþר²ΪԻڿڣҪ
̽ϰߣЮִ֣֮ΣԻǹδв
ߡΩ븾Ůӹ£ӡĬϡ˿ɼʱ֮Ҳ
Ǯ¡ʷ١ ͬ

    ˵˹ҪͨĻΣѣ졣Ϊ˹Ū
¹Σ¹ͳһڰᣬԵ;Ȩ۵֮¡
ڻʣ񣬷ԵԱݺأʹɹǣ֪ʱйû
е۹ܷҲ޷ԵҲᣨʵӲ֪йƺѰ
γʼ䲻֪ν󣬲ΪԱ֮
ףͳȫ֡ʴˣ߲ĸͰˣ

    ǣ˹ԻΪһĸԷĻϵ֮Եû
Ķأ

    ˶˵йֵǿԳɾйΡ֮ԭ򡣶ԻԸ棡

    2䷨ǲӦ֮䣬ͼ棬ʱ顣ΪͨΪ壬
޳й֮ġԣΪдˡҪζ̣ͨǲǵк
ӣʱйǹڴ򿪴ţѵݺ֣ƽԭιۣѵ
ֺ֮˵ֶǻڼǺδΡ֮Ĺ
;óǺ峯ͳһ֮Ϸүгһ𣿵oǷ⽨һףһ㲻
ɷϡҲoձĸԺ󣬾óŻȨõķʽһӽ
ǰһνܵκξⵥе͵ˡ

    3ʵڵʱĸķϡΪʱϸٶԳּ˲
飬νйʮ֮ߣ⻼ʮ֮ڣר
⻼ΪνĿҲո֮ƣ֮ս졣֮ս沢֮ƽ
ȨΪй֮֮Ǿ֮֮ƣǽ
Գ֮ôЩǣЩ£ɵüأν֮б֮л
֦ڶΪ᱾ĩںηأйĻ֮ͳк
֮Сձ飬ڴͳ֮СԳΪйûл֮
֮ݡ֮أǮ¶ʵ֮΢ʣһֹĴ塣
ΡΪΪֵΪ߾󡱲ԣǵȡ֮񣬾͡
Ԯھˡиݣ⽨;֣Ǯǿɣתʱ
СƦԵơ쵳ٵʵ
ͳ֮ͻĵطҲйĻĿ⡪Ļ
ǵĻֻ򵳹ĻǮȿ־ᵽĻˣ޷
ڴ򵽿׼ҵв


ģͳ


    ǣĸġ֮б崫ͳ͸µĹϵ⡣
Ϊ¾ʵĻƦ˶ͬʱҲԳһлص죬ܾ죬
ܾĸԣʽĸëϸ֮᱾ĩ棬Ϊ۲ĸĻҪ
塣˵Ϊ͸ĸＳȡйĩֵۣ
νҼ˼꼰ֵйȻҪָͳϺ
ֵǺ֮·

    ǲߣĳǮ¼ˡããԱߣܿܿҲ֪
ӣвһ壬һңѳɳ¼ͽʷΪƾ
֮ߣԻΩ䡮Ļ

    и֪Իйǧ꣬רƺڰ֮ʷҲ˹˼Ϊ֮
֮ӣ޹ͷϹˡ֪Իйǧ꣬Կӣ
йʱ˼֧֮ʷҲ˹Ѻʮ¿֮󣬡ɱסϣԻ
йǧ꣬Է⽨֮ʷȻһвʹڴӡ
˱ʤҹʷ߸󡢸 ҹԽΪ޹ʷʶ֮Ҳ

    Ȼйᣬ£ڣԻھõ֮Ļ֮
ռλ֮ƽȶѡ֮ٲۣ䳯˷ݽ
޿ߡ

    й֮˥Ϊʼ룬רȨƶ⣬
ޱÿڲܡƾͼ󡣡彲ѧԴ˲̬
ȴԾȡɹһΣΪ֮תںй
Ī֮ˡ󣬳Ԫϳڣ࣬Ȩ֪Ϊҽƣת䲡
أˣ·ü䣬Ϯƶй֮࣬ͳ
ڡҡ֮£治ר֮ڰߣ壬
֮á

    ˵ڣ»ǡڷٿ֮ᡱ

    ǮȷйĻۺйʷۡ

    й֮йΪĻܻĻǰ;ǻصĻ֮

    йϳڸټͣȨޣȡκ⣬ųع鱩̰ī
࣬ʷת۶ĽѵΪֱ飬Ϊγۣ֮Ϊʹ֮Ĺ۵㣬
йĻ۴˲۵дաʴˣĻֹ̳֮֮ȻҪ̳
ƣѭӦóԽ˵йת飬֮ϡϣ
ǰѾȨȨ֣ΪȨ񸮼ලȵȡǽڸ
йɫֵָǣǮһĻʷжĻ
ȨǶϹ۲ĻʷΪĸǰᡣ֮һ̸ڴ
УǮĻߡǶԸĸﱣе
֮״̬İĻ塪ֱӵ¹Ӷʹйʧ
ȴĻ洫ν塢רƻ͹֣Ψרƣ֮ƣӾ
Ϳ̿Ļĸ̡ʮԺĸĸ￪ţĻ޺ϱ䱾Խ
նǰάĻӹ׺͸ܣͱøӷ˼

    ǣ͹йĻתΪҪҲעǮν600ǰ
һЩʷƣʾ

    һΪ𲽷룬𲽷롪˹Ϊ£Ϊ
֮ࡣ֮Ȩ͵ȨǮĿ֮Ҫ㣻ΪʿˡҲǺ
˹ΤνŽײ͹ŽײķȨκԭ򡪡Ϊηǰйص
Ȩ棨Ƴ֮Ȩ֣֮ⲵʵȨ֮
ΣϵķȨƶȣйĻиξú壬˵й
ĻֵëûУĺͽʯࡣ

    پνƾƶȡƶȱߵΪѡܡĳ̶ȣԣ 
ѡƶȡȻӱȸɣԭԽӰټѧйǧĻʷĺ
ĻɼɴԲʤö١˲׸

    ǲǿ˵ϣӦö壬岻ƣò
Ʋ壩֮˵һ塣йؼƽġȨǮ
ܵһδεĲʳڡһһۣһһѪӡ󣬾Ϳٺ;̰
Ӻ¼ά־ˡν֮⽨Ȳܷ⽨Ҳū۵ĵλ
ۣ֮֮ѧԪԺ󣬷ʣʢת˥䣬²

    ˵͸ĸǲǿԻصνŴȥΪ޴ʣ
ΪشǣڵƶȣǲǿԴ̸ŴƵĽϣԸ


    ǲǴڡģƶ֮Աڸ
֮ڸ峯ĻƣǲҲڸ񹲺͹
ëֻζԴʷأ

    йĻ֮ѧͳë˺ĸǲʶʷԪΪ
Ǯ˵ģӦʳ֮ӡ

    лᱣƺĻлʵŷƶȣôë͵
ĸͻϡй󱣳ֵһп֮ءȨ߸ˣһ
оͼˡ

    ԣǲͬ£Ǯ֮ģľԸ


    ˵ǧأԻһйĸʹֻɥǧҥ
裬Ȼݣȴ޶ȵĳ񾡣˳䡣ǲҲҪ
һƷŷ޵ĸٺ͸ˣʵĻ͵Σأ
δйܲܳĶ಼ﰺ׸˹ϣҪͼ
ǵճأ˹˹÷ˡûΰ˵йûΰ
˵磡

    ֻǵΪֹΣӦǻ٣಻ڵδ
ݾ档浱ȻԽԽáȻȾ棬ҲǮĺʱڻҪ
ö࣡

    ⲢԶҡҾһ֣⹹ͻ֣⹹֣
ζŽṹؽˣƱؽȡʱйɫŻ֣ڵɫҲͻ
ޡ

