21.Ҷй˸ײ

һƪΪƽɵ½(Jared Diamond1937-)ǹڡ(GunsGerms and Steel)ġͳһ½ᡵһģĴ죬й˼άѸԾΪվĶ(www.chinathink.org/Aindex/lisu_n.asp)ЩվѾԸ׾Ŀϸʺţ𵴣й½Ķ߿ŭɶѯȫġй½ڹ˼ǣйԽͳһйԽǿԽҸµĹ۵㼸ȫ෴߼ֵ-----ͳһ-----ͻȻйأ

ԽͳһұԽǿڱԽҸַϻ֮ƣǲģ˵طҹ˾˽Ϊһ壬ֻ˵ܻҸȴ򲻿˵ȻҸ϶ʹӵǵأεȻ֡Ҫŷ˳Աֻ벻˳㿴жٹһȤִҪûɣ˵ж˻Ը飿춡ָɻ项项ƻ项ȼ项ȵȷ⽨ªϰʹй½ҲڷϽ֮СЩ⽨ªϰȴȻإһ͵йΡ

ǰ;˹עһ

ٶʣ˵йδһͳ֣͵ĺҵ޼գײӶй16ķչֳ룬ȴһͳǿνأĴм档һǴɵ½ֻǳԽй16ŷ޵ԭйͳһһٷйķչûнֽΪ֮ĺ׼ĶɣϾÿط䲻ͬķչ顣һطķǷһɹأȻǡһͳ϶һעһĺģйĺƨйͷӶĲΪϰ֮һȴԻͳһԺ˼ͳһľûио

ΣҪǣʵŷ˳ɾ͵ţȻζŷ޼ֵ޻޼ֵšĳɹһȺִŷȵϣ߽ݾɹĹ¡ԴŷͳԺɵȾĵ£˴һͳķաҲȻġϱսūϲʤͻԤƵ춡ͳһĳ̶ȣҲԶйͳȨ󣬵йĻʵۡϯȣ򲻼һġ

ж˵ɵ½ںͱ߽ͳһƶȻˣ˵ĹؼӦһطǷûɣͳһǷѡòä㡣Ǿǣײŷޣרƾ£ûһңרƹвͬ㣬ྺͬ˼зչռ䣬һֵߴ֮Ҳ֪ƼסҪйŷޣǧͲὫ׷ӵĳűҲὫŮһǧ᳤йҲ춳Ϊ־ңʿҪʱҲ·ӡйʱйټǰľơ׷ʣŷ޿Դ۹ԷΪȻĶСйټΪ˼߶ͳһһ̶ˮҪ֮й˾˾޴󡸻Ϊࡹı£൱ӣвԭҪصǰ˵йǦĻϰйչоȥѰҴ𰸡

ж߽ŷ֮γ˵йӦͳһָֻ㣬˵һŷҪǾöˣŷ˳Ա˳ŷ˵ĳһҪĿǰȨɼֵƼлԱй˵ͳһָ̨ɶòбл񹲺͹ͳ˧ǰ̨Ȩֵƹ㵽й½¹ͳһµȨֵȡµĶͳԣй˵ͳһͳһȽҰͳһʼȫ෴ֱ񼫵ġΣ(Crime against humanity)

ŷ޷˶

ŷ޵ķѲ˸ײҲŷԾķ˶ûʷѧ̩ɭ(Jacques Barzunl907-)š˥-----Ļ꡷(From Dawn to Decadence-----500 Years of Western Cultural Life)Դٵӡ֤귨˶̩(Voltaire1694-1778)͵ҵ(Diderot1713-1784)ɡٿȫ顷ΰҵŷ޵ķѡ̩׷ʱָܵҴ䷨ʫƪ˼³ɭ-﹫(Saxe-Gotha)߼±߽Colmarʿͷ߽FerneyԱʱ⣬ȰѧĶŮմ(Catherine the Great1729-1796)һֱ̩͵ҵޱֽ磬Ϥҵڷʱʱɲֻǵҵ޼ڰ裬մ۵֧֣϶Եҵ޵ʿͷֵ̬á

ͬйڹȥ꣬ҲһֱΪйȻδܳͳһšøֻйΪӣڲϡҪй츣ձʷΪǿձƬʥйҪйһʱݻй磬һʱáԹɷָ̨ۡ塢Ϻţһʱɨйĸִؼڣй믊϶ڲҰٱ

һйѾ̫

ȻԴɵ½ڵĹ۲൱ݷҲյȫյġ߶й˵⣬ʹй16͵ĺҵûжϣɾһйĸײż٣ȴ׽йŤתжϣҪйǧһСųɳҵʷйĹŪ١רٿ˹̨Ͷʡ˹硢Ӣ˹ۡ˹ΰŵĳɼһ⣬йͳΣȫΪйãй֮ӣ֤ɽҪǵйӰޣӢ˿ййãδϣޱɶԡԣҺܻɣʹйǰ˸ײҲֻޱһ񺿵˼ҪΪ±ȨȨȺӡӵĺӻӡ겻ǧ겻ϣëɱ˹˲Ĵй˵˾㣬һйѾ̫ˣ˭ϣйԼĸײӷȫĸҲй˼˵סĹ۵㣬ֻйԼԣҲֻйˡɵطйˡſԱȽϰȫ˵

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