31.漼ɵƼ˹

йͳߣձ½ڣˣһѾ˼άǷչûƼҪͬʱչλĻֻһչΣҪι˧·̲йַչ÷չƼҪΡĻչֻǿ֮˼άֹ峯ġѧΪ塢ѧΪá̽ԴԴҵġӲʿʶ󡹡ģСġۡҵۼ

Ÿξֳίʦ

й˶ԡΨչáƼۡţӵǰйξֳίĽоͱ¶šΣ廪ѧˮϵӴŦվרҵҵʦ¼ұѧԺʹҵʦ廪ѧߵѧϵҵʦ֣ӱѧԺϵרҵҵ߼ʦ죬ҵѧԺԶϵҵʦƾգ廪ѧϵרҵҵʦ廪ѧϵȹԶרҵҵʦҵѧϵҵҵԶרҵҵʦ޸ɣ¸ұѧԺеרҵҵ߼ʦһ쵼ȫȻѧˣֻһɫĹʦƣȫ򣬼ʹڣҲǺġйǷǿƼ˹ξֵĹʦǷͱйĿƼչҵķչ㼣йġΨչáƼۡǷеͨʵɻ

ͬ˼ʹǵѧסϺһʱ䣬ԻžúͿƼķչΡĻչĻ֮³ɹΪѹΡĻչǴ¾úͿƼչı֮;һЩ𵨸ҷ˵ôֻǡóСøλۣ֮ûŷʿܶҲų̂˵죬˵йͳĻȻġ

ԭίϯٺ˷ɴɹƴǿǿлйҲΪǿƼ˹һ֡ǧԪټѧУ޷˽ѧͯ޷ѧȴǻῼǵ⣡ձʼѧձΪ̫󲿷ѿɱ˵ö˼ʻɴͻе˴ͣޱҪҲ㣬й̫ռƻǾ¡ͼıԶҵͿѧоձΪйԮȻ֮֮ųɹйԮԭ11Ԫ91ǧԪʡµǮת˵ؽԮ

˹̹רżܲ㹻

й峯ӻ𳵡ִΪ漼ɣĹʦιǽǲ̬չҿ߾ӶࡣֵйʦǷֻС˵ġǷһйһȷպͷǵгɾͳǷֳйû˼롢ۡڽɵĵطƣЩҪ⣬йͳ߹ĵص㣬Ҳû-----ȻҲ-----йúõĹ۹ѧ˰˹̹(1879-1955)һй١ݣĿʵ˹̹ɫĿѧᡢ٤ԡţ١ءɳ򡢰±ĬĵľֻǿѧġҪԡƼ˹ȥͽ춰˹̹ؽ˹̹ǿͨŽ֮Ҫһ˵úΪã

һרżܲ㹻ֻһõĻûкгչ˸ΪҪǣѧҪԲֵͬ˽⣬ᡣƶӦר֪ʶҲһѵصĹǺгչ.....ÿÿƳĿѧ֮Ҫ.....

(ԭģIt is not enough to teach man a specialty.Through it he may become a kind of useful machine but not a harmoniously developed personality.It is essential that the student acquires an under-standing of a lively feeling for values.He must acquire a vivid sense of the beautiful and of the morally good.Otherwise he-with his speciallzed knowledge-more closely resembles a well-trained dog than a harmoniously developed person...This is what I have in mind when I recommend the "humanities" as important.....ŦԼʱ1952105ձ Einsteins stresses critical thinking.)

й١ڴͿƼ˹˼ά֧£Ҳֻж˹̹Ŀѧ԰˹̹춷ΨƼרơ˼ƵȴķǿƼ۸еһ˿Ȥ춵ǰйά壬˹̹Ȼмһ˵˵ֻһӤҪһ(Nationalism is an infantile sicknes.It is the measles of the human race.)˹̹й˵仰йǻġԻй˶԰˹̹ĳݣ³Ѹ˼ĳɣҶѡ

ʵѧ뼼ͳйǾѾȫ𣿴ͳйĹʦĽйԼɪ(Joseph Needhaml900-1995)˼ʮҲҲд꣬޷ΪôйˡΪôͳйĹʦȲйأΪûɣرѶɡôֽšӡˢָ롢ҩȵΰ޲˷ѾֻܳΪɵطɵĶ

ӹ֮˵

йķչĴһȥһˡǴ˼ˡ˴ʧˡһĲܶáǡڡԣǡϷú޽ƣʡڡϷܲ档Ҿϵãʵϵƶ׶֮صķ沢˳ɷ֮Ի𵽡Ṭǧ֮ӵūϥūţ޼ɵ񡢺ʵۣΪεꣻȫ汣ŵȫι˧ù˧ӡɡΪչȸ˵ľۣ漼ɵƼ˹й֮ˣǺжֵġνˣ춵̫ҲɲаۡԼȵļˣֻʽϼˡף̲ʽ˧йһֹͣ˼ǧĲ״

Ȼйȴνӹ֮αװ£һֱǿ͹۳ƽúܲң֪ӹ֮йѵ˵˵ѣ棬йĻձ齫뵱ʵ෴ǣ̫̫ˣҪĴӹ̫ªҪ彲Ȱط̫࣬ҪҪۡӹ֮ʹУҲֻ춴ˣɼ³Ѹ˵

йȨκãСʱ򣬶ײкȻһ²ӹڡӹʱʧǡӹɵʱˡһȫܣ֡ˡΪū̩֮Ȼ޶ʥ

һᷢչáƼǷͿֻܾáƼọ̈̄ƶȡֵĻչڽɡɵȵȣֻҪӡϣ̡б˽ҡ͵ϡȫķɽĲȻԴ֡ƷгϯȫжʳƷתйͯǦжչƶʰϡʮƹҾӢѧܾعȵȣЩ䲻һֱ뾭áƼйأȴұƶȡ¡ɵȵ޲ȻӦ˶ԽԽңϵľáƼԽȫչҪӦµķܣǴ۹ߣҶȺейʧǧڵSARSߣ׷Դʼ벻յƶȡͬй˿ѡѣйľáƼչٲά裬׵ȻǿƼͣǶ֮ʡ

1998ŵѧ(Amatya Sen1933-)һо־ǣʷϵĴ󼢻ֻᷢѶͨĶùƩйԭǵķʱýӻԮ(ֻս޲ʤ쵼ΪӾܾԮ)ϹԱΪԱƭСıɴ󼢻ģһաȻӽܼͷ֣йΪӣ1961ǧܾͬĹԮ(CIAļ00372/61)֮⾭ɼйһûƶȡûġ¡ûмලصɣѾƶһūʽ÷١äضǧרϺ١ÿļǧԪĺֺһпƼҲֵ̬ƻͰѴһ˧һ˧ġ˧塹

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