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ŲһˣҾͯĿѣĴ԰ȥ൱ұȽŲۻй˵ʵ̫ˣ⼸ȫ෴硣ҽ˵ⲻΪйȻӤˣҲûҪǧݣǻǿҳϵƬͬ۸ŲͬĴȻҲ磬ٳϹ㶫ӤƬѾĵ޷ٸȥ

ʣΪôйأ˵Ϊй˵ȹȥǧ̫̫ˣЩǿصùŵĴش첻Ҳ˵ȥġ۱ȴ½һ㣬ҲֻӢͳһ֮

鱾ϲ˵йǧΰ

й˵Ļһɫǿ̸ôܡΪ彲֮඼˵˵ѡйĻʦ(1893-1988)˵йĻһ룬ʵʵչΪһʵĻӢĸй˽йĻʮĻideal cultureʵĻ(real culture)йѧڶһй黹ҪԭҲ˱йĻԻ󣬸еʴӵ֮һֻҪй˰ĻʵĻһ㣬ѾйĻţȥ

ΪôΪй˥ѹأ

κȻķҪǧɵġһѾҪԼķޡΪĸʽġɱĻֻСƽ˵ġʮ򣬻ʮȶ֮࣬ôȷʵѵ˸ʱ򡣸ֱҪףģ۹νһҪǸѶ丯ܵ۹Ҳл۹þһлֶΣ˼˼ơߡ˿̺ͷɱ¾ȵȣ˵Ҳϻ졣ڼ۹ȫпģֻϾ󲿷Ҳ䵽йΪԼײֶΡ۹ԻͽȺй½ԷֹڵȺȽϣֱ΢ˣǺ£ѣЩѶ丯ܵĵ۹ʱܻΪԼشǧأûͻĩգ֮ȻûսᣬǱñǰøáйЩŵԴ󣬸ģ㿴֡й-----Կ֮Уֱ֪ǿйһ㲻ô⣬ڡ

ôй˵ȷЩôأ

Ʃǧǰͳһй˼룬նѧɣ𼫶Ƴ׼ƶȡײȺụ̄ҡТֳЩֵNƺֵĵز ֵǣҲָԶԡѹڽ̣Ůһǧ꣬ݻȨǧ̬꣬ǧ ԽԽҡλѧ ˼й˴ӹẉ̬̂ۛĺ飬㲻ɽ ( Mark Elvin1938- ) ġĳ--- йʷ The Retreat of the ElephantsAn Environmental History of ChinaйڹȥǧݲдȻԭɢԭĴ󼸺йڶ (Judith Shapiro1953-) ġ˶ʤ:ʱй뻷  Mao's War against NaturePolitics and the Environment in Revolutionary China  ẹ̈й̬Ļʷ Elizabeth C.Economy ġڵĺйǰ;Ļս  The River Runs BlackThe Environmental Challenlge to China's Future   йӵȫȾеȾĳжͯһķʳΣȫ֮һʴȫķ֮ ĺû㣬ڹ㶫ʡĳ·ĵطˮкǦ֯׼ǧİٱȵȡ 

ΪôôȻй˳Ȼأ

й˽һһ׵Ĵͳй˶һڵ˵й˳ȻΣΪأйĻмƭԣܣйĻʦ˵ģйĻһ룬ʵʵչΪһʵĻ

Ϊйû为

йһ仰ҩڣҲֻ˵˵ѡйǧ꣬ҶԺᷢչѾߵ;ĩ·ʵһ߻ˡǿй˵֮õĲƷҪǿǾЩǿûԸǿӲϵַйʹй˶µ̨塸Ч֮һйɽӢµģʽй

ţǿʱһйȫֳ񣬻йϷ֣ѱȽȻй˶춽ֳҲǿǸһȵĺȡԺNҰ˵ΪְйԼ֮ϵʱȴ˿ܱ˽̻Nйܾ̻Nĺֻ˺ԼйһλҲǶδսձֻҪձսʤйռйһʱ䣬ʹй˸ĸйһ統ձսսʤռ̨Ůӷ㡢ӶϷͽʳѻƬ̨1895ųäΪ1945ʱľųʶ֣ᷢչ̨ΪձռøձҲܴӶδս˾ռѧΣй׻ѧϰûɻ̨˻ձ˲δսձսʤռйֵձᱻйȻԪͬǣձѣҲȫĴңΪձֲ츣ˡ

йҪΪйû为

ˣرйˣ෴Թйߣô֮඼ձһǿǲ֤뷨йĴͳĻǺõģǹ屦Զɣй䣬ǹʮĽҲ˵ΪⲻйĻйΪǳǳֻǶڻ˵ȦУڹʼѧѷ׷Ϊ֪Ļؾʱۻɣһҹ֮Ϳν츲أԷ츲صļֻƤࡣйܹй˵Ļ¾йȻԵ޹ʵģΪййĻʵ๲֮ͨ˵йֻǽйĻеҪŪ١ķǡΥ˽޹ι˧ȹ硢Ҷ̲ȵȽһ󣬲ֻͬǣϷӴϸװѡԣûй׼˵жйȵض𣬶йȫûз˼ʡԾ£ΪѰ˴ͳйĻΪйĻļ̳ˣҲǼܺ˺͹һԼҲˡҪͻйյĶѭ޿ġ

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