19.С

ȨǿҪءгСԭ򣬲ѹ֧ռֵ(GDP)ıԶʮΪĿޡʹƼԭӦҪԼռٷֵĹ֧֧Ȼǵ͵þ˵ġôСȥأǣ۹ԱΪԱõ֧ܿе߳ΪԼнǹһˮƽ࣬һͬ෢ҵĹԱнֻ֧ռ֧ܿеҡΪô۹Աн֮ߣĿȫһͳߣͬΪΪĶ¼¿֮Ϊôԣᣬһ̨׸̨Ҳμ穵(˿ֻ߰򣬵̨׸ֻ̨׸γϵķ֮һ)ȻǧƵҪһľ(Լʮƽ߻ƽ׵νݣɲμӰ)ÿҪūʮʮСʱȻbڣһٶƶ

ҹġгСıʾ

йĻ

ۺйͳһ֮ǣν᡹ӣ˶ƶⲢУΪÿҪΪԼƶҲΪ쾭¡۲پ޸Ӧ桢ȸʾ˰϶ӦнϴȨ(ͶƱȨ)ӿֲǣҶһɺޱİƶΪԸ֮ʱйƶکΪƶ˷ܷϵԭƶ-----ǳƶ-----Ϊѵõĥԭͳйŵô³ТԵÿп࣬Ϊˡй˵ġܷϡָҲΪָֻרıƶԡֻҪõʵ𣬾󲿷˲һĻ޳ܵ¡ıĻвҵ˽԰

ʮТеĹΪ˰Ѳʳ׶Ѷӻ񣬱һԡѪ᡹᡹һĿߣйȴֻһζ޵Тģûз˼׷һνΪôȵĸҪŮΪôڽ֯ľȼ֯ȣѵ˵ġ޲֮ģҲҲ󲿷ݵұѵֽ£ѵá֮ûʥ˵ġھӡͬ۷һһڣÿÿ칤ʮСʱԹл۷ҵҾ磬ýÿһζֻһζΪҶġðְ֡򡸺衹ʻ׷һôǧ(Ԫ)޸ôʱҪ칤ʮʮСʱҲbڣô˱Ͼ·뿴ŮժͻʮСʱע:㶫ͻָͻ-----ͺðְע:㶫ָײʮСʱڲϢ-----ðְֹѹʮŮ-----ĸƵ....Ǳ̬Ѫ֮˳ܲūūţѵֵƳġðְ֡򡸺衹ôͳйֻ˰ʮТ˶Ҳ³ѸѵйһΣһȺŮ¹֮Ҳÿÿ˼ףȴֻ˸ӽһȺŮ

һЩɾѧ峣ȳڴ£ٱĻѾӡ᡹й˸дʵķԸҲΪϵҾǷļɾۣΪͱЩɾѧ(ѧ)˵ֲȤǣ󲿷ݶͽҪ񶼻ѡɹЩ϶ԡ᡹ҧгݵļɾѧȴ־󲿷ѡڡ᡹ӡѹ󣬾൱˵Щۼжѵۡ

춾

ôᣬ˵ɴ˰ĴǷ缫ɾѧ߻һйŵΪ˼䡢ƻ÷չأǷԽСԽأ⣬ȻҲٿƾʶ͸˹۲ϽѧԷ֤Ϊ֮̾оֱų֡ǾǼݴѧѧPeter Lindert춶ɽŴѧGrowing PublicSocial Sending and Economic Growth since the Eighteenth CenturyLindertһҪش𣬶ҲƯĻش˵ҪǣǷĳЩѧߡرǼɾѧߡƵΣ÷չLindertھϸŵľŷ޼޶÷չݣָĸԸƶνƸٷ䣬ɱnet national costs㡴essentially zeroҲ˵ν͡ȷѵġо֣Կ֧ȼá֧֧ȡңû缫ɾѧΣᱥ½ļ尾ǡǡ෴ͨнϸߵĺѸ˾룬оӴԿ֧춣谭˾Lindert˵һЩѧ߰Ѹҵĳɱŵ̫ˡ

Lindertڵķ֣Ǿ͸ΪôŷҲھáεȷ淢չȫLindertڳɹ˸Խ֮һЩѧͬУΩʼҪ侭ѧеĽǶۡ塹νСĺǷ˾÷չ෢չ

С̬ͥ

Сĵһ󺦴Ǵ̬ͥȻòͶѣرǼ֮˻֮Ĺϵ춹ڸ֮ľ֮֮䲻òӼãϣҲΪ˵õ˵ĴȻչˣϧ˼Ը֮Ӽü˵ĳԱȻʢһʱҲҪԳܵĲǰ˥ЪСȳġǮϸڻĴͥ춸кѵü˳Сūŵ´ˣй˵СȳТ̬֮ĵزÿһʳɼһչˣһҲ޷ΡӸᱣոйܿԵТ֮

ͳɴ˵öչڡΪ滮Σͳͳ衸ТָƵÿͥϣͳԼǮӻȡһڸ߳ʮн𣬡Ӷ᡹

С£֮ĽӼú쳣߸еɽշڻгġ˽޹м޹ķΪʹΪ˽ԼûйУʧȥΪɡСʱ򻹿ñȵȴֱѹȥֻѭջһʰһ죻෴ҪǼ˵õȼãü˳ۣұϣҲ뵣ǱֹԮܻ꣬ҪжͼҲļˣǹңĵĽ;

йͳ߷СҲйĺž˷һ򡣵ȭµͶʱͶҲ¡й֮൱̶Ҳǰйͳɹ¹񲡼Ͷҽ͡

Сһȱǣÿ˲ǷƣҲҪԼĽʦȣӸӹף˷ѴʱķǳҪ¡ҲΪ춶˵Ӫ֮˽ӦӺʱͿʼѵ˵Ǻ

ҪԼĽʦṹĽǣͷĿֻ¹ȶڻƸƲƶһףʵһԣⷽƹûǾרҵԱͳ

˥ˡĲͬ

Ȼһһһžо˥ΪԸ䵽һžȫ渴ԭҲ˼ʶľ޴ԭң˲֪ҵġ˥ˡǸҵġ˥ˡȫ¡ŷҼʹϡ˥ˡȫ񶼻밲ȫˮƽ൱ߵģֻѷԼԭˮƽǸҶԻʤġǸûаȫһϡ˥ˡ״ҪŶ¥̿˲ڴͳйᣬҪʳӶʳڱŷǾܷġй½ŮΪ˸ֵáرжѧ£ʱҲҪмǧ˾ݵ£ڱŷ˥ˡʱҲֻᷢһڵġʵ˵ǸҼʹν÷ʱһЩǿ޸֮⣬ƽҲܱȡ˥ˡʱĸʤ춹̣༴ʹܹ͵ʵֻǡū͹

Ը˵˵ıĹ׳ɱôҳסأƭߡĻסԹ̹ᣬָ̣̬¹ΪԷȨӵαѡٵȵȶ¸ǷСסأһҪѱ빱׹ҹҪ˹̹ҡȡΣŷȾ˶ٱŹأȻǲУ൱ʵţһʮţ̣۷Ϊũڷۣ乱ױʳգ˺Ϊֵ඼ö࣬ôЩָõõıأ˵ףѽ뿪ɭ֡ҪǱʨӳԵ֮˵ռڡɭҰ粻ǸɾľôҲ۶αΪȫɾϵҪԭ֮һΪɭʽϵѾܳңֻͣƼ----------ҵ

½̹ؼ

ƺ໪ţøԣۣΪй˵ҲȻԡԮˡΪɶԭѲĸȼãȫ֮ıŷҷԶûôøָأԸҲûбõϿƶȵĵزŲûΪһȫн٣ÿǧࡴԪĶͯĸһУر˹ʽϸߣڰ˹½һ˹ͥʮӡܼľסһһҲᡵҲûŲסڵǸֲ˼סˣΪ˱ʵļסҲҪֺꡣô̾й˱ΪŲˣʵȻǣŲķʣҲᲢﷸ˵ıŷȫ͵Ĺ֮һ

ôıŷɡôԸԼ̫ĲƸó˷ǿ߶ܻϣ˼ֵЩԼٴաעٴաָĸƽٽй1949ԺëΪй쵼ײΡá˼Ļ򣬶ָ䡢εġߴʩһͨױз˼ġԽԽŻ½̵ǹؼڣҲǾѧġ

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